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FORUM: INSECTS AND TEMPERATURE—A GENERAL THEORY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

N. Gilbert  and
D.A. Raworth
N. Gilbert
Affiliation:
Entomology Field Station, 219a Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL
D.A. Raworth
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agriculture Research Centre, 6660 NW Marine Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1X2
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Abstract

Insects are selected for slow development (but relatively fast growth) in spring, but for fast development in summer. These contrasting selection pressures explain five puzzling effects of temperature on insects: growth and development rates increase almost linearly with temperature; genetic variability in development rate is reduced at high (27°C) temperatures; genetic variability in growth rate is reduced at low (15°C) temperatures; development is very slow at the time of emergence after diapause, regardless of the temperature threshold for emergence; and growth is slow at low temperatures, but development is even slower.

Insects use temperature to indicate time-of-season. Different species are geared differently to rising temperatures. Insect predators and parasitoids become more effective at high temperatures; and insect population dynamics are not stable in the conventional sense.

Résumé

Chez les insectes, la sélection favorise le développement lent (mais une croissance relativement rapide) au printemps, mais le développement rapide en été. Ces pressions de sélection opposées expliquent cinq effets étonnants de la température sur les insectes : les taux de croissance et de développement augmentent presque linéairement en fonction de la température; la variabilité génétique du taux de développement est réduite à des températures élevées (27°C); la variabilité génétique du taux de croissance est réduite aux températures faibles (15°C); le développement est très lent au moment de la sortie de la diapause, quel que soit le seuil de température qui déclenche la fin de la diapause; la croissance est lente aux températures faibles, mais le développement l’est encore plus.

Les insectes utilisent la température comme indicateur du moment de la saison. Différentes espèces réagissent différemment aux températures montantes. Les prédateurs et les parasitoïdes deviennent plus efficaces aux température plus élevées; la dynamique des population d’insectes ne peut être considérée comme «stable» selon le sens conventionnel du terme.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 128 , Issue 1 , February 1996 , pp. 1 - 13
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1996

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