Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T17:59:09.035Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

EXIT STRATEGY OF UROPHORA CARDUI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FROM ITS GALL ON CANADA THISTLE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R. G. Lalonde  and
J. D. Shorthouse
R. G. Lalonde
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6
J. D. Shorthouse
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Feeding activities of freshly hatched larvae of Urophora cardui (L.) cause the formation of callus-filled channels which later serve as the routes by which adults exit their galls. Callus cells of the channels deteriorate the following spring when the gall is wetted by melting snow and rainfall. Establishment of U. cardui as an agent in the biological control of Canada thistle may be impaired in habitats with insufficient moisture to degrade the callus plug.

Résumé

Les activités liées à l'alimentation des larves nouvellement écloses de Urophora cardui (L.) provoquent la formation de canaux remplis de cal lesquels servent éventuellement de voies par lesquelles les adultes quittent les galles. Les cellules calleuses des canaux se désagrègent le printemps suivant lorsque la galle est humectée par la neige fondante et la pluie. L'établissement de U. cardui comme auxiliaire de contrôle biologique du chardon pourrait s'avérer difficile dans les habitats où l'humidité est insuffisante pour désagréger le bouchon calleux.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 114 , Issue 9 , September 1982 , pp. 873 - 878
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Caltagirone, L. E. 1964. Notes on the biology, parasites, and inquilines of Pontania pacifica (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), a leaf-gall incitant on Salix lasiolepis. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 57: 279–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, W. A. 1962. Botanical Histochemistry. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Mik, J. 1897. Zur biology Von Urophora cardui L. Wien. ent. Ztg. 16: 155–164.Google Scholar
Persson, P. I. 1963. Studies on the biology and larval morphology of some Trypetidae (Diptera). Opusc. ent. 28: 33–69.Google Scholar
Peschken, D. P. and Harris, P.. 1975. Host specificity and biology of Urophora cardui (Diptera: Tephritidae). A biological control agent for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Can. Ent. 107: 1101–1110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peschken, D. P., Finnamore, D. B., and Watson, A. K.. 1982. Biocontrol of the weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense): Releases and development of the gall fly Urophora cardui (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Canada. Can. Ent. 114: 349–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plumb, G. H. 1953. The formation and development of the Norway spruce gall caused by Adelges abietis L. Bull. Conn. agric. Exp. Stn 566. 77 pp.Google Scholar
Rohfritsch, O. and Shorthouse, J. D.. 1982. Insect galls. pp. 131–152 in Kahl, G. and Schell, J. S. (Eds.), Molecular Biology of Plant Tumors. Academic Press, New York. 617 pp.Google Scholar
Rosenstock, G. and Kahl, G.. 1978. Phytohormones and the regulation of cellular processes in aging storage tissues. pp. 623–671 in Kahl, G. (Ed.), Biochemistry of Wounded Plant Tissues. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York. 680 pp.Google Scholar
Rost, T. L. and Paterson, K.. 1976. The developmental anatomy of adventive plantlets from leaves and leaf segments of Crassula argentea (Crassulaceae). Bot. Gaz. 137: 203–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruppolt, W. 1958. Gallenentwicklung an Cirsium arvense L. in winter hervorgerufen durch Euribia cardui L. (Trypetidae). Naturwissenschaften 45: 275–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorthouse, J. D. 1973. The insect community associated with rose galls of Diplolepis polita. Quaest. ent. 9: 55–98.Google Scholar
Shorthouse, J. D. 1980. Modification of the flower heads of Sonchus arvensis (family Compositae) by the gall former Tephritis dilacerata (order Diptera, family Tephritidae). Can. J. Bot. 58: 1534–1540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strickland, E. H. 1953. The ptilinal armature of flies (Diptera, Schizophora). Can. J. Zool. 31: 263–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhler, L. D. 1951. Biology and ecology of the golden-rod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch). Cornell Univ. agric. Exp. Stn Mem. 300. 51 pp.Google Scholar
West, R. J. and Shorthouse, J. D.. 1982. Morphology of the balsam fir needle gall induced by the midge Paradiplosis tumifex (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Can. J. Bot. 60: 131–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zwölfer, H. 1967. Observations on Urophora cardui L. (Trypetidae). In Weed Projects for Canada. Progr. Rep. Commonw. Inst. biol. Contr., Délémont, No. 19. 11 pp.Google Scholar
Zwölfer, H., Englert, W., and Pattullo, W.. 1970. Investigations on the biology, population ecology, and distribution of Urophora cardui L. In Weed Projects for Canada. Progr. Rep. Commonw. Inst. biol. Contr., Délémont, No. 27. 17 pp.Google Scholar