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EVALUATION OF NEEM SEED EXTRACT FOR CONTROL OF THE SPRUCE APHID, ELATOBIUM ABIETINUM (WALKER) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Marian J. Partridge  and
John H. Borden
Marian J. Partridge
Affiliation:
Phero Tech Inc., 7572 Progress Way, R.R. 5, Delta, British Columbia, Canada V4G 1E9
John H. Borden
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S9
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Abstract

An extract from seeds of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, enriched with azadirachtin, was evaluated in three experiments for control of the spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum (Walker), on potted spruce trees in a greenhouse. The extract in Exps. 1 and 2 was first applied in February 1993 when spruce aphid populations were initially low; populations were observed weekly for 15 weeks. In Exp. 1, foliar applications to the runoff point of 150 ppm azadirachtin applied three times (biweekly) held populations below 5.3 aphids per 6-cm twig samples; populations on trees treated at 75 ppm, or with emulsifier only, reached 32.2 and 26.9 aphids per sample, respectively. With five weekly applications (Exp. 2), suppression to < 14 aphids per sample was achieved with both 150- and 75-ppm treatments; populations on control trees peaked at 36.8 aphids per sample. The extract at 150 ppm in Exp. 3 significantly reduced the number of aphids on trees that initially had high populations. The results indicate that neem has potential for operational use against aphids in conifer seed orchards.

Résumé

Un extrait de graines du margousier, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, enrichi d’azadirachtine a été éprouvé au cours de trois expériences de lutte contre le Puceron de l’épinette, Elatobium abietinum (Walker), sur des épinettes en pots dans une serre. Dans les expériences 1 et 2, l’extrait a d’abord été utilisé en février 1993 alors que les populations initiales de pucerons étaient de faible densité; les populations ont été examinées chaque semaine pendant 15 semaines. Dans l’expérience 1, l’application de l’extrait sur des feuilles jusqu’à égouttement, soit 150 ppm d’azadirachtine appliqué trois fois (aux 2 semaines), a assuré le maintien de la densité des populations à 5,3 pucerons par échantillon de rameau de 6 cm; chez les populations qui n’ont reçu que 75 ppm ou qui n’ont été vaporisées qu’à l’émulsifiant, les densités ont atteint 32,2 et 26,9 pucerons par échantillon, respectivement. Cinq vaporisations de l’une ou l’autre des deux solutions, 150 ou 75 ppm, à raison de 1 par semaine (expérience 2), ont suffi à garder la densité des pucerons à moins de 14 par échantillon; les populations sur les arbres témoins ont atteint des densités maximales de 36,8 pucerons par échantillon. L’extrait administré en solution 150 ppm dans l’expérience 3 a entraîné une réduction significative du nombre de pucerons sur des arbres fortement parasités au départ. Les résultats indiquent que l’extrait de margousier est un agent prometteur dans la lutte contre les pucerons dans les pépinières de conifères.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 129 , Issue 5 , October 1997 , pp. 899 - 906
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

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