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ELYMANA SULPHURELLA (ZETTERSTEDT): BIOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND RELATIVES IN NORTH AMERICA (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

L.N. Chiykowski  and
K.G.A. Hamilton
L.N. Chiykowski
Affiliation:
Chemistry and Biology Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
K.G.A. Hamilton
Affiliation:
Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
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Abstract

Elymana sulphurella (Zetterstedt) is confirmed as an introduced European species, and is distinguished from its relatives in the New World, including 2 new species E. circius (British Columbia to Saskatchewan) and E. pacifica Hamilton (British Columbia). Elymana acrita DeLong 1936 is synonymized with E. acuma DeLong 1936, and E. caduca DeLong 1936 is synonymized with E. inornata (Van Duzee 1892). A key to the New World species is presented. A method of rearing E. sulphurella in a controlled environment is described. Of 11 plant species tested as food hosts, Agrostis gigantea Roth., Elymus glaucus Buckl., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. elatior L., F. rubra L., and Phleum pratense L. were suitable for nymphs and adults, Lolium perenne L. for nymphs, and Alopecurus pratensis L., Bromus inermis Leyss., and Dactylis glomerata L. for adults. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. were unsuitable for both stages. Ten of 11 plant species tested as oviposition hosts yielded nymphs but the numbers varied widely. Leaf blades were preferred over sheaths as oviposition sites and most eggs were laid in the lower two-thirds of the leaf. Eggs appeared to be in diapause when laid and required several months to hatch if held at room temperature. Cold treatment of such eggs decreased the minimum hatching time and reduced the period over which hatching occurred. The mean developmental period of females was 24.9 days and males 23.5 days. The mean longevity of mated females (83.2 days) was significantly (P = 0.05) longer than that of males (62.1 days).

Résumé

Il est confirmé que Elymana sulphurella (Zetterstedt) est une espèce amenée d'Europe, distincte des espèces apparentées en Amérique, y compris des 2 nouvelles espèces E. circius (de la Colombie-Britannique à la Saskatchewan) et E. pacifica Hamilton (Colombie-Britannique). Elymana acrita DeLong 1936 est synonyme de E. acuma DeLong 1936, et E. caduca DeLong 1936 est synonyme de E. inornata (Van Duzee 1892). Le document présente une clé des espèces du Nouveau Monde. Le document décrit une méthode d'élevage de E. sulphurella dans un environment contrôlé. Parmi les 11 espèces végétales expérimentées à titre d'hôtes nourriciers, Agrostis gigantea Roth., Elymus glaucus Buckl., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. elatior L., F. rubra L., et Phleum pratense L., convenaient aux nymphes et aux adultes, Lolium perenne L. aux nymphes, et Alopecurus pratensis L., Bromus inermis Leyss., et Dactylis glomerata L. aux adultes. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. et Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ne convenaient pas aux deux stades. Des nymphes sont apparues chez 10 des 11 espèces végétales utilisées comme hôte pour la ponte des oeufs, mais en nombre largement variable. Le limbe des feuilles était préféré à la gaine, comme siège de ponte, et la majeure partie des oeufs a été déposée sur les deux tiers inférieurs de la feuille. Les oeufs semblaient se trouver dans la phase de diapause lorsqu'ils ont été déposés et nécessitaient plusieurs mois d'incubation s'ils étaient gardés à la température ambiante. Le traitement de ces oeufs par le froid diminue le temps d'incubation minimal et réduit la période durant laquelle survient l'éclosion. La période moyenne de développement des femelles était de 24,9 jours et de 23,5 jours pour les mâles. La longévité moyenne des femelles accouplées (83,2 jours) était significativement (P = 0,05) plus élevée que celle des mâles (62,1 jours).

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 117 , Issue 12 , December 1985 , pp. 1545 - 1557
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1985

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