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THE EFFECTS OF SWEETCLOVER SPECIES, CULTIVARS, AND NITRATE FERTILIZER ON FEEDING BY THE SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL, SITONA CYLINDRICOLLIS FÅHRAEUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Juliana J. Soroka  and
Alister D. Muir
Juliana J. Soroka
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
Alister D. Muir
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
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Abstract

Sweetclover, Melilotus Miller, was planted in a field near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to determine the effects of species and cultivars on early season feeding by the sweetclover weevil, Sitona cylindricollis. The wild annual species M. infesta Guss. was consumed less than were cultivars of M. alba (Desr.), which were generally consumed less than cultivars of M. officinalis (L.). The amount of feeding injury by the weevil among nine sweetclover entries was not significantly correlated with nitrate levels in cotyledons, unifoliolate, or first trifoliolate leaves. Weevils fed equally well on entries with high and low coumarin levels. Results from greenhouse cultivar trials generally paralleled those from the field. In an experiment in which different levels of ammonium nitrate fertilizer were broadcast prior to seeding of M. officinalis cultivar Norgold, levels of nitrate ion in the foliage were significantly correlated with fertilizer regime, but not with damage indices of the weevil. These experiments suggest that the nitrate ion in isolation is not the principal factor in the deterrence to sweetclover weevil feeding in M. infesta, and that elevating nitrate levels in sweetclover leaves would not confer resistance to this insect.

Résumé

Du mélilot, Mélilotus Miller, a été planté près de Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, afin de déterminer les effets de la nature de l’espèce et du cultivar sur l’alimentation du Charançon du mélilot, Sitona cylindricollis en début de saison. L’espèce indigène annuelle M. infesta Guss. est moins attaquée que les cultivars de M. alba (Desr.) qui sont eux-mêmes généralement moins attaqués que les cultivars de M. officinalis (L.). L’importance des dommages causés par l’alimentation du charançon sur neuf échantillons de mélilot n’était pas significativement reliée aux concentrations de nitrates dans les cotyles, ou dans les feuilles unifoliées ou les premières feuilles trifoliées. Les charançons se nourrissent tout autant sur les échantillons contenant des concentrations élevées ou faibles de coumarine. Les résultats obtenus en serre sur les cultivars correspondent à ceux obtenus à l’extérieur. Dans une expérience au cours de laquelle différentes concentrations de nitrate d’ammonium ont été vaporisées avant les semis du cultivar Norgold de M. officinalis, les concentrations d’ions nitrates dans le feuillage étaient significativement reliées au régime d’engrais utilisé, mais pas aux dommages causés par le charançon. Ces expériences semblent indiquer que l’ion nitrate seul n’est pas le principal facteur d’éloignement du charançon dans les champs de M. infesta et que l’utilisation de concentrations plus élevées de nitrates sur les feuilles de mélilots ne rendraient pas les plants plus résistants à l’insecte.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 6 , December 1995 , pp. 945 - 954
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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