Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T07:07:02.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE DYNAMICS OF APHIS POMI DE GEER (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND ITS PREDATOR, APHIDOLETES APHIDIMYZA (RONDANI) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), ON APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Heather C. Stewart  and
Sandra J. Walde
Heather C. Stewart
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 451
Sandra J. Walde
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 451
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The dynamics of Aphis pomi De Geer (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), were studied over two seasons in a commercial apple orchard in Nova Scotia. Aphid and predator population dynamics were very different in the two seasons. The most numerous predator in both years was A. aphidimyza. This predator was found in the earliest colonies sampled each season and was present throughout the growing season. In the year with relatively high aphid densities a single peak in aphid and predator density was seen in mid-July, just prior to maximum predation rate. The predator’s numerical response resulted in delayed density dependence in predation rate. In the year of low aphid densities, predator and prey dynamics appeared uncoupled, and a higher rate of colony turnover may have been caused by other predators such as mirids. Aphidoletes aphidimyza tended to aggregate oviposition in high-density aphid colonies, but this aggregation resulted in predation that was only very weakly spatially density dependent.

Résumé

La dynamique d’Aphis pomi De Geer et de son prédateur, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani), a été étudiée durant deux saisons dans un verger de pommiers de Nouvelle-Écosse. La dynamique des populations de pucerons et de prédateurs a été très différente au cours des deux saisons. Le prédateur le plus abondant au cours des 2 années a été A. aphidimyza. Cet insecte se retrouvait dans les colonies les plus hâtives échantillonnées chaque saison et était présent durant toute la saison de croissance. L’année où la densité des pucerons a été relativement élevée, un seul pic de densité a été observé chez les pucerons et les prédateurs, à la mi-juillet, juste avant que ne soit enregistré le plus haut taux de prédation. La réponse numérique du prédateur a entraîné un taux de prédation relié à la densité avec décalage. L’année où la densité des pucerons a été faible, la dynamique des prédateurs et celle des proies ne semblaient pas reliées et le taux plus élevé de remplacement observé au sein de la colonie est sans doute attribuable à d’autres prédateurs, tels les Miridae. Aphidoletes aphidimyza avait tendance à pondre en groupe au sein des colonies de pucerons de haute densité, mais ces rassemblements donnaient lieu à une prédation dont la dépendance spatiale à l’égard de la densité n’était que très faible.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 129 , Issue 4 , August 1997 , pp. 627 - 636
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, R.G. Jr., and Prokopy, R.J.. 1980. Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): an effective predator of the apple aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Massachusetts. Protection Ecology 2: 27–39.Google Scholar
Baker, A.C., and Turner, W.F.. 1916. Morphology and biology of the green apple aphis. Journal of Agricultural Research 5(21): 955–994.Google Scholar
Bouchard, D., Hill, S.B., and Pilon, J.G.. 1988 a. Control of green apple aphid populations in an orchard achieved by releasing adults of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae). pp. 257–260in Niemczyk, E., and Dixon, A.F.G. (Eds.), Ecology and Effectiveness of Aphidophaga. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Bouchard, D., Pilon, J.G., and Tourneur, J.C.. 1986. Role of entomophagous insects in controlling the apple aphid, Aphis pomi, in southwestern Quebec. pp. 369–374in Hodek, I. (Ed.), Ecology of Aphidophaga. Academia, Prague, and Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Bouchard, D., Pilon, J.G., and Tourneur, J.C.. 1988 b. Voracity of mirid, syrphid and cecidomyiid predators under laboratory conditions. pp. 231–234in Niemczyk, E., and Dixon, A.F.G. (Eds.), Ecology and Effectiveness of Aphidophaga. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Bouchard, D., Tourneur, J.C., and Paradis, R.O.. 1981. Bio-écologie d'Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani)(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) prédateur du puceron du pommier, Aphis pomi DeGeer (Homoptera:Aphididae). Annales de la Société Entomologique du Québec 26: 119–130.Google Scholar
Braun, P.G. (Ed.) 1991. Organic Apple Production Guide for Nova Scotia (Tree Fruit Fact Sheet). Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Marketing, Kentville. 27 pp.Google Scholar
Carroll, D.P., and Hoyt, S.C.. 1984. Natural enemies and their effects on apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer (Homoptera:Aphididae), colonies on young apple trees in central Washington. Environmental Entomology 13: 469–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, J.A. 1949. The parasites and predators of potato aphids. Bulletin of Entomological Research 40: 97–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilkeson, L.A. 1987. A note on fecundity of the aphid predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani)(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist 119: 1145–1146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagley, E.A.C. 1989. Release of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) for control of the green apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer (Homoptera: Aphididae). The Canadian Entomologist 121: 309–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, K.M. 1973. Aphidophagous Cecidomyiidae (Diptera): taxonomy, biology and assessments of field populations. Bulletin of Entomological Research 63: 305–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Havelka, J. 1980. Effect of temperature on the developmental rate of preimaginal stages of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 27: 83–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holdsworth, R.P. Jr., 1970. Aphids and aphid enemies: effect of integrated control in an Ohio apple orchard. Journal of Economic Entomology 63(2): 530–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehler, G.W. (Ed.) 1994. New England Apple Pest Management Guide. Cooperative Extension of New England States Universities. 103 pp.Google Scholar
Madsen, H.F., Westigard, P.H., and Falcon, L.A.. 1961. Evaluation of insecticides and sampling methods against the apple aphid, Aphis pomi. Journal of Economic Entomology 54: 892–894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markkula, M., Tiittanen, K., Hämäläinen, M., and Forsberg, A.. 1979. The aphid midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) and its use in biological control of aphids. Annales Entomologici Fennici 45: 89–98.Google Scholar
Morse, J.G., and Croft, B.A.. 1987. Biological control of Aphis pomi (Hom.: Aphididae) of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Dip.: Cecidomyiidae): a predator:prey model. Entomophaga 32: 339–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murdoch, W.W., and Stewart-Oaten, A.. 1989. Aggregation by parasitoids and predators: effects on equilibrium and stability. American Naturalist 134: 288–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niemczyk, E., and Pruska, M.. 1986 a. The occurrence of predators in different types of colonies of apple aphids. pp. 303–310in Hodek, I. (Ed.), Ecology of Aphidophaga. Academia, Prague, and Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Niemczyk, E., and Pruska, M.. 1986 b. Effectiveness of predatory insects in suppressing aphid populations on apple trees. pp. 397–403in Hodek, I. (Ed.), Ecology of Aphidophaga. Academia, Prague, and Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Nijveldt, W. 1988. Cecidomyiidae. pp. 271–177 in Minks, A.K. and Harrewign, P. (Eds.), Aphids, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Volume B. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Oatman, E.R., and Legner, E.F.. 1961. Bionomics of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi, on young nonbearing apple trees. Journal of Economic Entomology 54: 1034–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickett, A.D. 1959. Utilization of native parasites and predators. Journal of Economic Entomology 52: 1103–1105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickett, A.D., and Patterson, N.A., 1953. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. IV. A review. The Canadian Entomologist 85: 472–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeve, J.D., and Murdoch, W.W.. 1985. Aggregation by parasitoids in the successful control of the California red scale: a test of theory. Journal of Animal Ecology 54: 797–816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohani, P., Godfray, H.C.J., and Hassell, M.P.. 1994. Aggregation and the dynamics of host-parasitoids systems: a discrete-generation model with within-generation redistribution. American Naturalist 44: 491–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, H.C. 1994. Biological control of the green apple aphid, Aphis pomi de Geer by the predatory midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) in a Nova Scotian apple orchard. M.Sc. thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S.81 pp.Google Scholar
Stiling, P.D. 1987. The frequency of density-dependence in host–parasitoid systems. Ecology 68: 884–865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tracewski, K.T., Johnson, P.C., and Eaton, A.T.. 1984. Relative densities of predaceous Diptera (Cecidomyiidae, Chamaemyiidae, Syrphidae) and their aphid prey in New Hampshire, U.S.A., apple orchards. Protection Ecology 6: 199–207.Google Scholar
Walde, S.J., and Murdoch, W.W.. 1988. Spatial density dependence in parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology 33: 441–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warner, L.A., and Croft, B.A.. 1982. Toxicities of azinphosmethyl and selected orchard pesticides to an aphid predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza. Journal of Economic Entomology 75: 410–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westigard, P.H., and Madsen, H.F.. 1965. Studies on the bionomics of summer generations in California of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi De Geer (Homoptera: Aphididae). The Canadian Entomologist 97: 1107–1114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar