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DIRECT, INDIRECT, AND RESIDUAL TOXICITIES OF INSECTICIDE SPRAYS TO WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Jacqueline L. Robertson  and
Nancy G. Rappaport
Jacqueline L. Robertson
Affiliation:
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, California 94701
Nancy G. Rappaport
Affiliation:
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, California 94701
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Abstract

The toxicities of acephate, aminocarb, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methomyl, mexacarbate, permethrin, and trichlorfon to last instar western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, were significantly altered by the presence of host-plant foliage. The pyrethroid permethrin was significantly more toxic when sprayed directly on fully exposed larvae than when first sprayed on foliage. However, all other toxicants were more toxic sprayed on foliage. A toxicologically-based method was used to assess the residual toxicities of the nine chemicals. Each chemical was applied to potted seedlings at its respective LD90-foliage, then weathered for up to 7 days. Significant differences in toxicity were related to both insecticide and weathering interval. The toxicities of carbaryl and permethrin were least affected by weathering.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 111 , Issue 11 , November 1979 , pp. 1219 - 1226
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1979

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