Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T06:18:26.233Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

DEFORMITY OF SUGAR MAPLE CAUSED BY BUD FEEDING INSECTS1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Gary A. Simmons  and
Fred B. Knight
Gary A. Simmons
Affiliation:
School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Fred B. Knight
Affiliation:
School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Injury to sugar maple buds, shoots, twigs, and stems resulted in forked trees in Upper Michigan. Six species of insects were observed to feed on buds: The lepidopterans Proteoteras moffatiana Fernald (Olethreutidae), Obrussa ochrefasciella (Chambers) (Nepticulidae), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Cenopis pettitana (Robinson) (Tortricidae), and the coleopterans Phyllobius oblongus (L.) (Curculionidae) and Platycerus virescens (F.) (Lucanidae). Twig and shoot damage resulted from severed shoots, twig cankers, and scarring resembling weevil feeding injury. Stem damage was caused by breakage and browsing animals. Bud injury averaged 5.80% per year, twig damage 3.18% per year, and stem breakage 0.36% per year. Injuries to terminals resulted in 85% forked stems, 8% single stems, 3% stunting, and 4% unaffected.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 105 , Issue 12 , December 1973 , pp. 1559 - 1566
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Godman, R. M. 1957. Silvical characteristics of sugar maple. Lake States Forest Exp. Stn, For. Serv., U.S.D.A. Stn Pap. 50. 24 pp.Google Scholar
Harrington, W. H. 1887. Insects infesting maple trees. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 17: 22–23.Google Scholar
Kriebel, H. B. 1957. Patterns of genetic variation in sugar maple. Res. Bull. Ohio agric. Exp. Stn, No. 791. 56 pp.Google Scholar
Kulman, H. M. 1965. Effects of disbudding on the shoot mortality, growth, and bud production in red and sugar maples. J. econ. ent. 58: 23–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulman, H. M. 1967. Biology of the hard maple bud miner, Obrussa ochrefasciella, and notes on its damage (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 60: 387–391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKay, M. R. 1952. A new species of Sparganothis allied to S. pettitana (Rob.) with description of larvae and adults of both species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 84: 233–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, A. C., Zim, H. S., and Nelson, A. C.. 1951. American wildlife and plants. McGraw- Hill, New York. 500 pp.Google Scholar
McGugan, B. M. (Ed.). 1958. Annual report forest insect and disease survey. Can. Dep. Agric. 114 pp.Google Scholar
Tigner, T. C. 1966 (unpub.). The woodboring insects in sugar maple sapling stands in northern Michigan with special reference to their identification and possible long term effect on tree form. M.F. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar