Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T04:02:15.776Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

THE BLACK FLIES OF ICELAND (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

B.V. Peterson
Affiliation:
Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa

Abstract

Keys, descriptions, and illustrations are presented for the identification of the larvae, pupae, and adults of the four species of black flies known from Iceland, viz. Prosimulium (Prosimulium) ursinum, Simulium (Psilozia) vittatum, S. (Eusimulium) aureum, and S. (E.) vernum. Maps depicting their distributions within that country, and brief biological notes are given.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1977

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, F. W. and Falk, P.. 1935. Observations on the ecology of the central desert of Iceland. J. Ecol. 23: 406421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, H. 1967. Faunistic, ecological and taxonomic notes on Icelandic Diptera. Opusc. ent. 32: 101120.Google Scholar
Carlsson, G. 1962. Studies on Scandinavian black flies. Opusc. ent., Suppl. 21. 280 pp.Google Scholar
Coquillett, D. W. 1898. The buffalo-gnats, or black-flies, of the United States. U.S. Dep. Agric., Div. Ent. Bull. 10 (n.s.): 6669.Google Scholar
Crosskey, R. W. 1960. A taxonomic study of the larvae of West African Simuliidae (Diptera: Nematocera) with comments on the morphology of the larval black-fly head. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. Ent. 10. 74 pp.Google Scholar
Dalmat, H. 1955. The black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of Guatemala and their role as vectors of onchocerciasis. Smithson. misc. Collns 125. 425 pp., 43 pls.Google Scholar
Davies, D. M., Peterson, B. V., and Wood, D. M.. 1962. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Ontario. Part I. Adult identification and distribution with descriptions of six new species. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 92 (1961): 70154.Google Scholar
Davies, L. 1951. Some field observations on Simuliidae (Diptera) at Holandsfjord, Norway. Oikos 3: 193199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, L. 1954. Observations on Prosimulium ursinum Edw. at Holandsfjord, Norway. Oikos 5: 9498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyar, H. G. and Shannon, R. C.. 1927. The North American two-winged flies of the family Simuliidae. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 69(10): 154, pls. 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, F. W. 1935 a. Diptera Nematocera from east Greenland. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 15: 467473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, F. W. 1935 b. Diptera from Bear Island. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 15: 531543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falk, P. 1940. Further observations on the ecology of central Iceland. J. Ecol. 28: 141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fristrup, B. 1943. Contributions to the fauna and zoogeography of northwest Iceland. Ent. Meddr. 23: 148172.Google Scholar
Gígja, G. 1944. Meindrýr í húsum og gródhri. Reykjavík.Google Scholar
Gígja, G. 1945. Systematic list of Icelandic insects. Skýrs. ísl. NattFraedhFél. 37 pp.Google Scholar
Gudhmundsson, J. 1640. Ein stutt undirrietting um Íslands adskilianlegar náttúrur. Islandica 15: 126, 1924.Google Scholar
Horrebow, N. 1752. Tilforladelige Efterretninger om Island. Kiøbenhavn.Google Scholar
Lindroth, C. H. 1931. Die Insektenfauna Island und ihre Probleme. Zool. Bidr. Upps. 13: 103599.Google Scholar
Lindroth, C. H., Andersson, H., Bödvarsson, H., and Richter, S. H.. 1970. Preliminary report on the Surtsey investigation in 1968. Terrestrial invertebrates. Surtsey Res. Prog. Rep. V: 17.Google Scholar
Lindroth, C. H., Andersson, H., Bödvarsson, H., and Richter, S. H.. 1973. Surtsey, Iceland. The development of a new fauna, 1963–1970. Terrestrial invertebrates. Ent. scand., Suppl. 5. 280 pp.Google Scholar
Lundbeck, W. 1913. 5. Orthorrhapha brachycera og Cyclorrhapha, pp. 17–20. In Klinckowström, A. F. v.. Über die Insekten-und Spinnenfauna Islands und der Faeröer. Ark. Zool. 8 (12): 134.Google Scholar
Mason, P. B. 1890. Insects and Arachnida captured in Iceland in 1889. Entomologist's mon. Mag. 26: 198200.Google Scholar
Mohr, N. 1786. Forsøg til en Islandsk Naturhistorie. Kiøbenhavn.Google Scholar
Nielsen, P., Ringdahl, O., and Tuxen, S. L.. 1954. 48a. Diptera 1 (exclusive of Ceratopogonidae and Chironomidae). Zool. Iceland 3. 189 pp.Google Scholar
Olafsen, E. and Povelsen, B.. 1772. Reise igiennem Island. Sorøe.Google Scholar
Pálsson, S. Ferdhabók 1791–1797. Reykjavík, 1945.Google Scholar
Pasternak, J. 1964. Chromosome polymorphism in the blackfly Simulium vittatum (Zett.). Can. J. Zool. 42: 135158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pederson, Bo V. 1971. Diptera Nematocera. Zool. Faroes 42 b: 171.Google Scholar
Peterson, B. V. 1962. Observations on mating swarms of Simulium venustum Say and Simulium vittatum Zettersted (Diptera: Simuliidae). Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 92 (1961): 188190.Google Scholar
Peterson, B. V. 1965. An entomologist's impressions of Iceland. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 95 (1964): 1618.Google Scholar
Peterson, B. V. 1970. The Prosimulium of Canada and Alaska (Diptera: Simuliidae). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 69. 216 pp.Google Scholar
Rubtzov, I. A. 1956. Fauna USSR. Insects Diptera. Black flies (Fam. Simuliidae) [in Russian]. Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR (N.S. 64) 6(6). 860 pp.Google Scholar
Rubtzov, I. A. 1961. (p. 161 in the following reference).Google Scholar
Rubtzov, I. A. 19591964. 14. Simuliidae (Melusinidae). In Lindner, E. (Ed.), Fliegen palaearkt. Reg. 3(14). 689 pp. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Sambon, L. W. 1925. Researches on the epidemiology of cancer made in Iceland and Italy (July-October, 1924). J. trop. Med. Hyg. 28: 3971.Google Scholar
Stiles, C. W. and Hassall, A.. 1928. Key-catalogue of insects of importance in public Health. Treasury Dep., U.S. Publ. Hlth Serv., Hyg. Lab. Bull. 150: 291408.Google Scholar
Stone, A. 1964. Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut. Ninth Fascicle [part]. Family Simuliidae. St. Geol. nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 97. 117 pp.Google Scholar
Stone, A. and Jamnback, H. A.. 1955. The black flies of New York State (Diptera: Simuliidae). Bull. N.Y. St. Mus. 349. 144 pp.Google Scholar
Thienemann, F. A. L. 1827. Reise im Norden Europa's vorzüglich in Island, in den Jahren 1820 bis 1821. II. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Twinn, C. R. 1936. The blackflies of eastern Canada (Simuliidae, Diptera). Parts I and II. Can. J. Res. (D) 14: 97150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vargas, L. 1945. Simulidos del Nuevo Mundo. Instituto Salub. Enferm. Trop., Monogr. 1. 241 pp.Google Scholar
Walker, F. A. 1889. Entomology of Iceland: Notes upon a visit in 1889. Entomologist 22: 222–225, 246–249, 273–275, 299302.Google Scholar
Walker, F. A. 1890. The botany and entomology of Iceland. Parts I and II. J. Trans. Vict. Inst. 24: 205242.Google Scholar
Wood, D. M., Peterson, B. V., Davies, D. M., and Gyorkos, H.. 1963. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Ontario. Part II. Larval identification, with descriptions and illustrations. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 93 (1962): 99129.Google Scholar
Zetterstedt, J. W. 1838. Insecta Lapponica descripta. Leipzig.Google Scholar