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THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE TWOLINED CHESTNUT BORER, AGRILUS BILINEATUS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE), ON OAKS, QUERCUS SPP., IN WISCONSIN1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Robert A. Haack  and
Daniel M. Benjamin
Robert A. Haack
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
Daniel M. Benjamin
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Abstract

Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) is univoltine in Wisconsin. Adults were present from early June through mid-September; however, peak flight and oviposition occurred during the second half of June. Adults consumed significantly more oak foliage than foliage of hardwoods other than oak. Stressed oaks attracted significantly more adults than did uninjured controls, as measured by density of captured adults on sticky traps. Four larval instars were determined; instar IV was the overwintering stage. Fourth instar larvae generally overwintered in pupal cells in the outer bark or in sapwood if the bark was thin. Larvae, especially third and fourth instars, damaged oaks by girdling the conducting xylem and phloem. Attacked oaks had low root starch content relative to those unattacked. Tree death normally resulted after 2 or 3 years of borer infestation, yet tree death may occur in a single season. Initial attack usually began in the live crown and proceeded downward in succeeding years with no apparent reinfestation of previously killed areas. Mean adult longevity in days for adults fed red oak foliage was 28.1 at 20°, 37.8 at 24°, and 8.3 at 30 °C. Mean duration of the pupal stage in days was 11.7 at 24 °and 8.5 at 30 °C.

Résumé

Au Wisconsin, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) est univoltine. Les adultes ont été observés du début juin à la mi-septembre; cependant le plus fort du vol et de la ponte est survenu durant la seconde moitié de juin. Les adultes ont consommé significativement plus de feuillage de chêne que de feuillage d'autres bois francs. Des chênes soumis au stress ont attiré significativement plus d'adultes que des chênes témoins intacts, d'après la densité des adultes capturés au piège englué. Quatre stades larvaires ont été dénombrés, le stade IV étant le stade hivernant. Les larves de stade IV ont généralement été observées hivernant à l'intérieur de cellules pupales logées dans l'écorce externe ou l'aubier si l'écorce était mince. Les larves, en particulier celles des stades 3 et 4, ont causé du dommage au chêne en "ceinturant" les tissus conducteurs du phloème et du xylème. Les chênes attaqués ont montré une basse teneur en amidon dans la racine comparés aux chênes non-attaqués. La mortalité des arbres s'est généralement produite suite à 2 ou 3 ans d'attaque des perceurs, mais elle peut survenir en une seule saison. L'attaque initiale a généralement commencé dans la couronne saine, et a progressé vers le bas d'une année à l'autre, apparemment sans ré-infestation des parties déjà mortes. La longévité adulte moyenne en jours pour des adultes nourris de feuillage de chêne rouge a été de 28.1 à 20°, 37.8 à 24°, et 8.3 à 30 °C. La durée moyenne du stade pupal en jours a été de 11.7 à 24 °et 8 5 à 30 °C.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 114 , Issue 5 , May 1982 , pp. 385 - 396
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1982

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