Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T18:04:00.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND THE HIGHER CATEGORIES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W. P. Stephen
W. P. Stephen
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The premises for biochemical systematics are outlined, including the demonstration of colinearity between polypeptides and the nucleotide sequence of the gene, and subsequent comparative studies based on amino acid sequencing of proteins. Distinct differences in the stability in the amino acid sequences among various proteins demands that the systematist select those most appropriate to the taxonomic problem to be resolved. As sequencing is a difficult and time consuming task, an alternative analytical means of obtaining objective data by which taxa may be phenetically compared is proposed. Electrophoretic studies on the enzyme GDH from cockroaches and bumble bees are outlined and the use of the data in superspecific classifications is documented.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 105 , Issue 9 , September 1973 , pp. 1223 - 1233
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anfinsen, C. B. 1959. The molecular basis of evolution. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Ayala, F. J., Mauroao, C. A., Perez-Salos, S., Richmond, R., and Dobzhansky, T.. 1970. Enzyme variability in the Drosophila willistoni. Group I. Genetic differentiation among sibling species. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. 67: 225–232.Google Scholar
Braunitzer, G. 1970. Vertebrates and insect haemoglobins. VIII int. Congr. Biochem. (Switzerland).Google Scholar
Burks, B. D. 1951. In Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico (Eds. Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombien, K. V., and Townes, H. K.). Synoptic catalog. Agriculture Monogr. 2. Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Dayhoff, M. O. 1969. Atlas of protein sequence and structure. 4th ed. Nat. Med. Res. Foundation, Silver Spring, Md.Google Scholar
Fink, S. C., Carlson, C. W., Gurusiddaiah, S., and Brosemer, R. B.. 1970. Gylcerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in social bees. J. biol. Chem. 245: 6525–6532.Google Scholar
Fitch, W. M. and Margoliash, E.. 1970. The usefulness of amino acid and nucleotide sequences in evolutionary studies. Evol. Biol. 4: 67–110.Google Scholar
Florkin, M. 1966. A molecular approach to phylogeny. Elsevier, New York.Google Scholar
Gillespie, J. H. and Kojima, K.. 1968. The degree of polymorphisms in enzymes involved in energy production compared to that in nonspecific enzymes in two Drosophila ananassae populations. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. 61: 582–585.Google Scholar
Guest, J. R. and Yanofsky, C.. 1965. Mutationally induced amino acid substitutions in a tryptic peptide of the tryptophan synthetase H protein. J. biol. Chem. 240: 679–689.Google Scholar
Harris, J. I. and Perham, R. H.. 1968. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from pig muscle. Nature 219: 1025–1028.Google Scholar
Henning, Y. and Yanofsky, C.. 1963. An electrophoretic study of mutationally altered A proteins of the trypotophan synthetase of Escherichia coli. J. mol. Biol. 6: 16–21.Google Scholar
Hubby, J. L. and Lewontin, R. C.. 1966. A molecular approach to the study of genetic heterozygosity in natural populations. I. The number of alleles at different loci in Drosophila pseudoobscura.Google Scholar
Ingram, M. V. 1963. The hemoglobins in genetics and evolution. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.Google Scholar
Kojima, K., Gillespie, J. H., and Tobari, Y. N.. 1970. A profile of Drosophila species' enzymes assayed by electrophoresis: 1. Number of alleles, heterozygosities, and linkage disequilibrium in glucose-metabolizing systems and some other enzymes. Biochem. Genet. 4(5): 626–637.Google Scholar
Maurer, H. R. 1971. Disc electrophoresis and related techniques of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. W. de Gruyter, Berlin and New York.Google Scholar
McKittrick, F. A. 1964. Evolutionary studies of cockroaches. Cornell Univ. agric. Exp. Stn Mem. 389.Google Scholar
Milliron, H. E. 1961. Revised classification of the bumblebees — a synopsis (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Kans. ent. Soc. 34: 49–61.Google Scholar
Mross, G. A. and Doolittle, R. F.. 1967. Amino acid sequence studies on atriodactyl fibrinopeptides. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 122: 674.Google Scholar
O'Brien, S. J. and MacIntyre, R. J.. 1969. An analysis of gene-enzyme variabiilty in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Am. Nat. 103: 97–113.Google Scholar
Prakash, S., Lewontin, R. C., and Hubby, J. L.. 1969. A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. IV. Patterns of genic variation in central, marginal and isolated populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 61: 841–858.Google Scholar
Princis, K. 1960. Zur Systematik der Blattarien. Eos 36: 427–449.Google Scholar
Rehn, J. W. H. 1951. Classification of the Blattaria as indicated by their wings (Orthoptera). Am. ent. Soc. Mem. 14. 134 pp.Google Scholar
Roth, L. and Cohen, S. H.. 1968. Chromosomes of the Pycnoscelus indicus and P. surinamensis complex (Blattaria: Blaberidae: Pycnoscelinae). Psyche, Camb. 75: 53–76.Google Scholar
Smith, E. L. 1970. Evolution of enzymes. The Enzymes 1: 267–339.Google Scholar
Smith, E. L., DeLange, R. J., and Bonner, J.. 1970. Chemistry and biology of the histones. Physiol. Rev. 50: 159–170.Google Scholar
Stephen, W. P. 1957. Bumblebees of Western America. Oregon St. Univ. tech. Bull. 40.Google Scholar
Stephen, W. P. and Cheldelin, I. R.. 1970. α-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the american cockroach, and its use as a phenetic tool in cockroaches. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 361–373.Google Scholar
Stephen, W. P. and Cheldelin, I. R.. 1973. Phenetic groupings in the Bombini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) based on the enzyme α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Biochem. System. 1: 69–76.Google Scholar
Yanofsky, C., Carlton, B. C., Guest, J. R., Helinski, D. R. and Henning, U.. 1964. On the colinearity of gene structure and protein structure. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. 51: 266–272.Google Scholar
Zuckerkandl, E. 1965. The evaluation of hemoglobin. Scient. Am. 212(5): 110–118.Google Scholar