Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T22:22:33.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Arthropod fauna of rolled alder leaves in Washington State, United States of America (Insecta, Arachnida)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2014

Eugene R. Miliczky ,
David R. Horton  and
Eric LaGasa
Eugene R. Miliczky*
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington 98951, United States of America
David R. Horton
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington 98951, United States of America
Eric LaGasa
Affiliation:
Washington State Department of Agriculture, 1111 Washington Street, 2nd Floor NRB, Olympia, Washington 98504-2560, United States of America
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The eastern foothills of the Cascade Range in Washington State, United States of America are west of the State's major fruit-producing region. Alders (Alnus Hill (Betulaceae)), an important floristic component of riparian communities in the Cascade Range foothills, were surveyed for leafrolling caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) that might serve as alternate hosts for parasitoids of orchard pest leafrollers, particularly the nonnative wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Tortricid leafrollers were abundant on alder, but reared parasitoids did not include C. florus. Survey results also revealed that rolled leaves were secondarily colonised by a wide variety of predatory and phytophagous arthropods. Rolled leaves were almost 10-fold more likely to be occupied by predatory arthropods than adjacent, roll-free leaves. Phytophagous thrips and mites showed a similar preference for rolled leaves. The most abundant predaceous arthropods in the leafrolls were Anthocoris antevolens White (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), found in 4.4% of leafrolls, and the spider Clubiona pacifica Banks (Araneae: Clubionidae), found in 8.3% of leafrolls. Both species, and several other predatory insect and spider species found in the rolled leaves, also occur in eastern Washington orchards where they contribute to biological control. Because of its frequent colonisation by beneficial arthropods, alder may prove useful in conservation biological control programs.

Résumé

Les contreforts orientaux de la chaîne des Cascades dans l’état de Washington, États-Unis d'Amérique, se situent à l'ouest de la région principale de production de fruits de l’état. Nous avons inspecté les aulnes (Alnus Hill (Betulaceae)), une composante floristique importante des communautés de rivages dans les contreforts des Cascades, à la recherche de chenilles enrouleuses (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) qui pourraient servir d'hôtes de rechange pour les parasitoïdes des enrouleuses ravageuses des vergers et, en particulier, pour la guêpe non-indigène Colpoclypeus florus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Les tortricidés enrouleurs sont abondants sur les aulnes, mais les parasitoïdes obtenus par élevage n'incluent pas C. florus. Notre inventaire montre aussi que les feuilles enroulées sont colonisées secondairement par une grande variété d'arthropodes prédateurs et phytophages. Les feuilles enroulées sont presque 10 fois plus susceptibles de porter des arthropodes prédateurs que les feuilles adjacentes non-enroulées. Les thrips et les acariens phytophages montrent une préférence semblable pour les feuilles enroulées. Les arthropodes prédateurs les plus fréquents dans les feuilles enroulées sont Anthocoris antevolens White (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) trouvé sur 4,4% des feuilles enroulées et l'araignée Clubiona pacifica Banks (Araneae: Clubionidae) sur 8,3% des feuilles enroulées. Ces deux espèces et plusieurs autres espèces d'insectes et d'araignées prédateurs vivant sur les feuilles enroulées se retrouvent aussi dans les vergers de l'est de l’état de Washington où elles participent à la lutte biologique. Parce que l'aulne est fréquemment colonisé par des arthropodes bénéfiques, il peut s'avérer utile dans les programmes de lutte biologique par conservation.

Type
Behaviour & Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 146 , Issue 4 , August 2014 , pp. 415 - 428
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada. This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: David McCorquodale

References

Acorn, J. 2007. Ladybugs of Alberta finding the spots and connecting the dots. The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.Google Scholar
Barry, J.D., Rodriguez-Saona, C.R., Polk, D.F., Zhang, A. 2010. Seasonal abundance, life history, and parasitism of Caloptilia porphyretica (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a leafminer of highbush blueberry. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103: 284–291. doi: 10.1603/EC09104.Google Scholar
Brunner, J.F. 1993. Leafrollers. In Orchard pest management a resource book for the Pacific Northwest . Edited by E.H. Beers, J.F. Brunner, M.J. Willett, and G.M. Warner. Good Fruit Grower, Yakima, Washington, United States of America, Pp. 75–83.Google Scholar
Burks, B.D. 1979. Family Eulophidae. In Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico, Volume 1 . Edited by K.V. Krombein, P.D. Hurd, Jr., D.R. Smith, and B.D. Burks. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, United States of America, Pp. 967–1022.Google Scholar
Cappuccino, N.Martin, M. 1994. Eliminating early-season leaf-tiers of paper birch reduces abundance of mid-summer species. Ecological Entomology, 19: 399–401.Google Scholar
Carroll, M.R., Wooster, M.T., Kearby, W.H., Allen, D.C. 1979. Biological observations on three oak leaftiers: Psilocorsis quercicella, P. reflexella, and P. cryptolechiella in Massachusetts and Missouri. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 72: 441–447.Google Scholar
Cossentine, J., Bennett, A., Goulet, H., O'Hara, J. 2007. Parasitism of the spring leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) complex in organically managed apple orchards in the north Okanagan valley of British Columbia. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 83: 276–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cossentine, J., Jensen, L., Deglow, E., Bennett, A., Goulet, H., Huber, J., et al. 2004. The parasitoid complex affecting Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis limitata in organically managed apple orchards. BioControl, 49: 359–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, R.J. 1958. The spider subfamily Clubioninae of the United States, Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Clubionidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University, 118: 365–436.Google Scholar
Fournier, V., Rosenheim, J.A., Brodeur, J., Laney, L.O., Johnson, M.W. 2003. Herbivorous mites as ecological engineers: indirect effects on arthropods inhabiting papaya foliage. Oecologia, 135: 442–450.Google Scholar
Fukui, A. 2001. Indirect interactions mediated by leaf shelters in animal–plant communities. Population Ecology, 43: 31–40.Google Scholar
Fukui, A., Murakami, M., Konno, K., Nakamura, M., Ohgushi, T. 2002. A leaf-rolling caterpillar improves leaf quality. Entomological Science, 5: 263–266.Google Scholar
Gordon, R.D. 1985. The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America north of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 93: 1–912.Google Scholar
Hoddle, M.S., Mound, L.A., Paris, D.L. 2012. Thrips of California 2012 [online]. Available from http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/thrips_of_california/authors/authors.html [accessed 22 September 2013].Google Scholar
Hunter, M.D.Willmer, P.G. 1989. The potential for interspecific competition between two abundant defoliators on oak: leaf damage and habitat quality. Ecological Entomology, 14: 267–277.Google Scholar
Jones, C.G., Lawton, J.H., Shachak, M. 1997. Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers. Ecology, 78: 1947–1957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lattin, J.D. 1999. Bionomics of the Anthocoridae. Annual Review of Entomology, 44: 207–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lill, J.T. 2004. Seasonal dynamics of leaf-tying caterpillars on white oak. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 58: 1–6.Google Scholar
Lill, J.T.Marquis, R.J. 2003. Ecosystem engineering by caterpillars increases insect herbivore diversity on white oak. Ecology, 84: 682–690.Google Scholar
Lill, J.T.Marquis, R.J. 2004. Leaf ties as colonization sites for forest arthropods: an experimental study. Ecological Entomology, 29: 300–308.Google Scholar
Loeffler, C.C. 1994. Natural history of leaf-folding caterpillars, Dichomeris spp. (Gelechiidae), on goldenrods and asters. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 102: 405–428.Google Scholar
Martinsen, G.D., Floate, K.D., Waltz, A.M., Wimp, G.M., Whitham, T.G. 2000. Positive interactions between leafrollers and other arthropods enhance biodiversity on hybrid cottonwoods. Oecologia, 123: 82–89.Google Scholar
Mayer, D.F.Beirne, B.P. 1974. Occurrence of apple leaf rollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and their parasites in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 71: 22–25.Google Scholar
Miliczky, E.R.Horton, D.R. 2005. Densities of beneficial arthropods within pear and apple orchards affected by distance from adjacent native habitat and association of natural enemies with extra-orchard host plants. Biological Control, 33: 249–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miliczky, E.R.Horton, D.R. 2007. Natural enemy fauna (Insecta, Araneae) found on native sagebrush steppe plants in eastern Washington with reference to species also found in adjacent apple and pear orchards. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 83: 50–65.Google Scholar
Miliczky, E.R.Horton, D.R. 2011. Occurrence of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and potential predators on host plants in near-orchard habitats of Washington and Oregon (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 108: 11–28.Google Scholar
Miller, C.D. 1970. The Nearctic species of Pnigalio and Sympiesis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 68: 1–121.Google Scholar
Mound, L.A.Kibby, G. 1998. Thysanoptera: an identification guide, 2nd edition. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Nakamura, M.Ohgushi, T. 2003. Positive and negative effects of leaf shelters on herbivorous insects: linking multiple herbivore species on a willow. Oecologia, 136: 445–449.Google Scholar
Pfannenstiel, R.S., Mackey, B.E., Unruh, T.R. 2012. Leafroller parasitism across an orchard landscape in central Washington and effect of neighboring rose habitats on parasitism. Biological Control, 62: 152–161.Google Scholar
Richman, D.B.Ubick, D. 2005. Clubionidae. In Spiders of North America: an identification manual . Edited by D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P.E. Cushing, and V. Roth. American Arachnological Society. Pp. 77–78.Google Scholar
Ridgway, N.M.Mahr, D.L. 1985. Natural enemies of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in sprayed and unsprayed apple orchards in Wisconsin. Environmental Entomology, 14: 459–463.Google Scholar
Sagers, C.L. 1992. Manipulation of host plant quality: herbivores keep leaves in the dark. Functional Ecology, 6: 741–743.Google Scholar
Sandberg, S.L.Berenbaum, M.R. 1989. Leaf-tying by tortricid larvae as an adaptation for feeding on phototoxic Hypericum perforatum. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 15: 875–885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute. 2010. SAS 9.3 for Windows. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, United States of America.Google Scholar
Triplehorn, C.A.Johnson, N.F. 2005. Borror and Delong's introduction to the study of insects, 7th edition. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont, California, United States of America.Google Scholar
Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E., Roth, V. 2005. Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society.Google Scholar
Unruh, T.R., Pfannenstiel, R.S., Peters, C., Brunner, J.F., Jones, V.P. 2012. Parasitism of leafrollers in Washington fruit orchards is enhanced by perimeter plantings of rose and strawberry. Biological Control, 62: 162–172.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T.K., Landis, D.A., Gut, L.J. 2004. Parasitism of obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in commercially managed Michigan apple orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 1524–1530.Google Scholar
Willmer, P.G. 1980. The effects of a fluctuating environment on the water relations of larval Lepidoptera. Ecological Entomology, 5: 271–292.Google Scholar