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Abundance and stability are species traits for four chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons, Columba livia (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2014

Terry D. Galloway  and
Robert J. Lamb
Terry D. Galloway*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Robert J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

Population parameters of ectoparasites on feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), were estimated from 1995–2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. The ectoparasites are chewing lice (Phthiraptera): Philopteridae – Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus), and Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro; Menoponidae – Hohorstiella lata (Piaget). We tested the hypotheses that both abundance and population stability are species-specific traits. Over 10 years, the four species of lice had distinct population dynamics. Campanulotes compar and C. columbae were more abundant than C. tovornikae and H. lata, had higher male to female sex ratios and higher ratios of nymphs to females, different levels of aggregation, and more stable populations. Campanulotes compar was more prevalent than C. columbae and its prevalence was more stable, and the two species also showed differences in the levels and stabilities of male and nymph to female ratios. Coloceras tovornikae had a higher prevalence and male to female sex ratio than H. lata, but the two species showed similar levels of stability for these parameters. The level of stability of these populations was relatively high compared with many other organisms, and in particular higher than for plant ectoparasites (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Although the four species occupy similar habitats, often on the same bird, and three of the four feed in a similar way, the population biology of each species is distinct. The life history traits that lead to these differences have yet to be determined.

Résumé

Nous avons déterminé les caractéristiques démographiques des ectoparasites sur des pigeons sauvages, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), de 1995 à 2012 dans le sud du Manitoba, Canada. Ces ectoparasites sont des ricins (Phthiraptera) Philopteridae, soit Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus) et Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro, et Menoponidae, soit Hohorstiella lata (Piaget). Nous avons testé les hypothèses selon lesquelles tant l'abondance que la stabilité des populations sont des caractéristiques spécifiques à l'espèce. Sur une période de 10 ans, les quatre espèces de ricins ont connu des dynamiques de population distinctes. Campanulotes compar et C. columbae sont plus abondants que C. tovornikae et H. lata, leurs rapports mâles:femelles et larves:femelles plus élevés, leurs degrés d'agrégation différents et leurs populations plus stables. La prévalence de C. compar est plus grande et plus stable que celle de C. columbae et les deux espèces ont des valeurs et des stabilités des rapports mâles:femelles et larves:femelles différentes. La prévalence de C. tovornikae est plus grande que celle d’H. lata et son rapport mâles:femelles plus élevé, mais les deux espèces affichent des niveaux semblables de stabilité pour ces deux caractéristiques. Les niveaux de stabilité de ces populations sont relativement élevés comparés à ceux de plusieurs autres organismes, plus en particulier que ceux des ectoparasites des plantes (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Bien que les quatre espèces occupent des habitats semblables, souvent sur le même oiseau, et que trois d'entre elles se nourrissent de manière similaire, la démographie biologique de chaque espèce est particulière. Les caractéristiques du cycle biologique qui expliquent ces différences restent à découvrir.

Type
Biodiversity & Evolution
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 146 , Issue 4 , August 2014 , pp. 444 - 456
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2014 

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Kevin Floate

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