^{page 3 note 1} i.e. Plan of raising an estate.

^{page 3 note 2} Words in italics have been supplied to fill up mutilations in the text.

^{page 4 note 1} Tendency.

^{page 7 note 1} Daniel Chamier, 1570–1621 : wrote de Oecumenico Pontifico.

^{page 7 note 2} He was not ordained deacon till December.

^{page 9 note 1} Just before.

^{page 10 note 1} Cromwell was related to this family & stayed once or twice at the Priory.

^{page 11 note 1} Father-in-law's.

^{page 12 note 1} Mother-in-law.

^{page 13 note 1} The Eastern Association.

^{page 13 note 1} cf. p. 13. line 8.

^{page 14 note 1} Waller's Plot.

^{page 14 note 2} “After this revelation everything was possible for Pym. On the 6th he “made his report on Waller's Plot. Lords and Commons alike were carried” away by their indignation. The imposition of a vow or covenant, which a “few days before had little chance of acceptance, was now voted by the Commons with scarcely a dissentient voice. Those who took it, engaged them” selves to support the forces raised in defence of Parliament against those raised “by the King ‘so long as the Papists now in open war against the Parliament” shall by the force of arms be protected from the justice thereof.’” (Gardiner, Great Civil War, i, 149). July in the diary is apparently a mistake for June.

^{page 14 note 3} July 10, at Roundway Down.

^{page 14 note 4} July 30, at Adwalton Moor.

^{page 14 note 5} By the Hothams.

^{page 15 note 1} Battle of Cheriton, near Alresford, March 29.

^{page 15 note 2} Relieved by Prince Rupert, March 21.

^{page 16 note 1} Dutch refugees had settled at Colchester in the reign of Elizabeth & established there the trade in Bays (Baize) and Says. A specimen of the work of some of the Dutch weavers may be seen in Colchester Castle.

^{page 16 note 1} Typhus fever.

^{page 18 note 1} At Lostwithiel.

^{page 19 note 1} The Committee of Defence.

^{page 19 note 2} Cf. p. 13.

^{page 20 note 1} Sir William Brereton, a prominent parliamentary commander in Cheshire and its neighbourhood.

^{page 21 note 1} i.e. of the Commissariat: vide p. 22. “Mr W. Harlakenden, Commissary General to the Earl of Manchester.” There was also a Commissary General of Horse.

^{page 21 note 2} The second battle of Newbury: October 27.

^{page 22 note 1} Coomb or comb, a measure of corn containing 4 bushels.

^{page 22 note 2} “With every sign of bitter irritation, he (i. e. Cromwell) ascribed every “mistake that had been committed to the personal wrong-headedness of Man” Chester.” (Gardiner,Great Civil War, i. 83.)

^{page 23 note 1} Small gifts.

^{page 23 note 2} The Self-denying Ordinance.

^{page 24 note 1} Troops raised by the Eastern Association had been quartered in Hampshire and Surrey.

^{page 24 note 2} The Treaty of Uxbridge, which came to an end at this time.

^{page 25 note 1} New England.

^{page 25 note 2} A false report.

^{page 25 note 3} The first ordinance for the Directory was agreed to on March 5. 1645.

^{page 25 note 4} Waller had abandoned Somerset and Dorset.

^{page 25 note 5} Rupert relieved Beeston Castle, but his farther advance was checked.

^{page 26 note 1} At Naseby.

^{page 29 note 1} Leicester Abbey. It had been the headquarters of the King from May 30 to June 2, but was demolished by his troops, probably to prevent its being useful to the enemy.

^{page 30 note 1} vide Gardiner's Great Civil War, iii. 6, 7.

^{page 30 note 2} Precedents.

^{page 32 note 1} Defeated at Stow-in-the-Wold.

^{page 34 note 1} Let.

^{page 36 note 1} Mixed corn, e. g. wheat and rye.

^{page 38 note 1} i.e. If a new sheriff were chosen.

^{page 41 note 1} Vide Gardiner, Great Civil War, iii, 254, etc.

^{page 42 note 1} He should have received £3. 15. 0. one fourth of the £15, the sum due to him yearly.

^{page 43 note 1} vide Gardiner,Great Civil War, iii, 298.

^{page 45 note 1} Beef was usually 2d. a pound. “The year 1646 was the first of a series of six years in which the harvest was deplorably bad.” Gardiner, Great Civil War, iii, 195.

^{page 45 note 2} Obolus=halfpenny.

^{page 46 note 1} i.e. To arrange for quartering the troops in the town.

^{page 48 note 1} Joseph Mead, B.D., b. 1586, d. 1638. Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge.

^{page 48 note 2} James Ussher, b. 1580, d. 1655.

^{page 48 note 3} De Ecclum Xtianum successione et statu.

^{page 48 note 4} Adopting the new practices.

^{page 49 note 1} Poyer had seized Tenby Castle and declared for the King.

^{page 50 note 1} Gardiner Great Civil War, iv, 146 puts the date of this as June 4.

^{page 50 note 2} i.e. Of the siege of Colchester : vide Gardiner,Great Civil War, iv, 146, &c, for the full account of this siege.

^{page 51 note 1} “The drake was a brass field gun used in the Civil War, g ft. long, weight 143 cwts., carrying a 5 lb. shot and a charge of 4 or 5 lbs. of powder. Many old pieces of artillery were named from animals, a dragon was a carbine ; cul-verin came from the French couleuvre, an adder ; a drake and a saker from birds. ” (Note in Verney Memoirs).

^{page 53 note 1} The Hythe was the landing place for boats arriving from the mouth of the Colne.

^{page 53 note 2} At Preston.

^{page 53 note 3} This should be Sir Bernard.

^{page 53 note 4} “Gascoine, who had already taken off his doublet to die with his comrades, was told that he was reprieved. His foreign extraction, combined, it is said, with the devoutness of his preparation for death, had saved him.” Gardiner, Great Civil War iv, 204.

^{page 54 note 1} Vide Gardiner,Great Civil War, iv, 196, 197.

^{page 55 note 1} At Preston.

^{page 56 note 1} Objection.

^{page 57 note 1} The fault rests partly with them.

^{page 59 note 1} Robert Bellarmin, Cardinal, b. 1542, d. 1621.

^{page 59 note 2} Paul Ferri, of Metz, Protestant Divine and Preacher, b. 1591, d. 1669.

^{page 59 note 3} at Doncaster : for his career see Diet: of Nat: Biography.

^{page 60 note 1} Gerard John, 1577–1649 : Dutch classical scholar and Protestant theologian.

^{page 60 note 2} Sir Richard Baker, b. 1568, d. 1645. “The Chronicle of the Kings of England, inexact and uncritical, but written in a pleasant and readable style, quickly acquired a high reputation. It was continued to 1668 by Edward Phillips, Mitton's nephew.” (Encycl: Brittan:).

^{page 61 note 1} “The rejection of this ordinance by the few Peers who remained brought about a fresh resolution from the Lower House, ‘that the People are, under God, the original of all just power ; that the Commons of England in Parliament assembled—being chosen by, and representing the People— have the supreme power in this nation’” etc. (Green, History of the English People, 554).

^{page 62 note 1} Smalcius, German Unitarian writer, circ. 1620.

^{page 62 note 2} Amama, Dutch Orientalist, 1593–1629.

^{page 62 note 3} Lessius, Dutch, wrote on the Immortality of the Soul. 1554–1623.

^{page 63 note 1} vide Gardiner, Great Civil War, iv, 281.

^{page 63 note 2} vide Gardiner's Commonwealth and Protectorate, i, 34.

^{page 64 note 1} The Council and the Array.

^{page 64 note 2} Charges.

^{page 64 note 3} Henry Martin, who afterwards abandoned the Levellers.

^{page 64 note 4} i. e. to God :

^{page 64 note 5} vide Gardiner, Commonwealth and Protectorate, i, 44.

^{page 66 note 1} Sleidan, 1506–1556. Historian of the Reformation.

^{page 66 note 2} Ormond occupied the grounds of Phoenix Lodge on June 21.

^{page 67 note 1} “On July 12 he set out for Bristol with unwonted state in a coach drawn by six grey Flanders mares and protected by a lifeguard every member of which was ‘either an officer or an esquire’. Above him floated a milk-white standard, symbolising as it would seem, his hope to bring back whiterobed peace from amidst the horrors of war. “(Gardiner, Commonwealth & Protectorate, i, 108.)

^{page 68 note 1} Gardiner, Commonwealth and Protectorate, i, 110, III.

^{page 68 note 2} Jones had defeated Ormond at Rathraines on August 2nd. “In the city wagers were freely offered that Dublin had already surrendered at the enormous odds of £100 to 5/-.” Cromwell only heard the news on August I2th.

^{page 69 note 1} “On Sept. 8 the garrison called on its officers to join in demanding a free parliament according to the Agreement of the People.... Failing to elicit a satisfactory response, they seized New College where the Magazine was stored and placed their officers under arrest.” (Gardiner, Commonwealth and Protectorate, i, 182.)

^{page 69 note 2} An ecclesiastical history of the first 1300 years of the Christian Era, in which the records of each century occupy a volume.

^{page 69 note 3} Daniel Senertus, 1572–1637. He introduced the study of Chemistry at Wittenberg. He was accused of blasphemy and impiety on the ground that he taught that the souls of beasts were not material.

^{page 70 note 1} For the convention arranged between Monk and O'Neill, see Gardiner, Commonwealth and Protectorate i, 87, 88, etc.

^{page 70 note 2} “I do declare and promise that I will be true and faithful to the Commonwealth of England as the same is now established, without a King or House of Lords.” (Gardiner, Commonwealth & Protectorate, i, 196). All Members of Parliament and officials generally were ordered on Oct. II to sign this.

^{page 71 note 1} i. e. ‘Goody’.

^{page 71 note 2} Poultices.

^{page 72 note 1} The Committee for plundered ministers, vide Jan. 17–1650.

^{page 73 note 1} Many of these old names still persist down to the present day, e. g., Aldercar, Mills Farm, Dagnall, Mallories, Hobstevens.

^{page 77 note 1} Macmahon, Bishop of Clogher.

^{page 77 note 2} Scotch repulsed at Musselburgh : the number of the slain is exaggerated.

^{page 78 note 1} Gardiner says 3,000.

^{page 79 note 1} Died October 27 of small-pox.

^{page 79 note 2} A Royalist outbreak ; the leaders lost their lives on the gallows.

^{page 79 note 3} Gardiner, Commonwealth and Protectorate, 381, 382.

^{page 80 note 1} “The destruction of Rupert's fleet by Blake was almost complete.” (Gardiner, Commonwealth & Protectorate, i, 338.)

^{page 80 note 2} Spain recognised the Commonwealth December 26.

^{page 80 note 3} Turenne and the Spaniards defeated by Mazarin.

^{page 80 note 4} Charles II. had been crowned at Scone.

^{page 82 note 1} Mazarin had returned to France from Briihl in Cologne, whither he had retired in the previous year. His return had roused much popular feeling.

^{page 84 note 1} The weavers, etc., in Colchester & the neighbourhood.

^{page 84 note 2} “As minister of Coggeshall, he attracted the notice of Fairfax on his way to the siege of Colchester, and by Fairfax he was carried to London, when he was selected for the arduous duly of preaching before Parliament on the day after the execution of the King ‘Sir,’ said Cromwell, tapping the preacher on the shoulder, when he next met him at Fairfax's house, ‘you are the person I must be acquainted with.’ Taking him aside, Cromwell insisted on carrying him as his chaplain to Ireland. In 1651 Parliament, doubtless at Cromwell's instigation, named Owen Dean of Christ Church in succession to Reynolds, who had refused to take the engagement Some little time afterwards he appointed him to the Vice-Chancellorship, thus committing the Puritan reorganis-ation of the University into his hands.” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii, 25. etc.)

^{page 86 note 1} Charles had applied to him for help, as his father had done before him.

^{page 87 note 1} As she conceived.

^{page 87 note 2} vide Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii, c. xix.

^{page 87 note 3} Vide Commonwealth and Protectorate, i, 361.

^{page 87 note 4} The Portuguese ambassador was on May 16th ordered to leave London within fourteen days.

^{page 87 note 4} In the Mediterranean, Penn's fleet had captured some French prizes.

^{page 87 note 5} “As for the masters themselves, they long lived in harmony in spite of the distracting influence of the English Civil War. For some time anyone calling another either Cavalier or Roundhead was bound to give a dinner of pork and turkey to all within hearing when the offence was committed. Of late, however, this happy agreement had been brought to an end. Young English Royalists, smarting from defeat and sequestration, had flocked to the Island, where, headed by two Devonshire brothers named Walrond, they made themselves masters of the colony by a combination of force and intrigue Parliament gave orders to prepare a fleet of seven ships to sail under Aysene for the reduction of Barbados.” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, i, 354.)

^{page 88 note 1} Coote captured Athlone, Loughrea and Ballinasloe.

^{page 88 note 2} For participation in a plot to put an end to the Council and Parliament and t o restore Charles. Mr Love, a Presbyterian minister, was involved with others; a strong appeal for mercy was addressed to Cromwell, but Mr Love was executed on Tower Hill, Aug. 22. Milton appears to have written articles in “Mercurius Politicus” in support of the sentence.

^{page 88 note 3} Cleaning the ponds.

^{page 89 note 1} Near Falkirk.

^{page 89 note 2} About 1500 ; total Scotch force, 4,000 : at Inverkeithing.

^{page 89 note 3} June 1651. Battle of Beresteczko in Galicia. The Cossacks, led by Bogdan Khmelnitski, in their revolt against the Poles were defeated here ; they eventually (1654) transferred their allegiance to the Czar of Russia.

^{page 92 note 1} Louis XIV had been declared of age, and Parliament declared Conde and his followers guilty of treason.

^{page 92 note 2} The other ministers arrested with Mr Love.

^{page 92 note 3} He landed at Fecamp on October 16.

^{page 92 note 4} Not taken till December 12.

^{page 93 note 1} Surrendered October 31.

^{page 93 note 2} October 27.

^{page 93 note 3} The sermon was entitled “The State of the Saints departed, God's cordial to comfort the Saints remaining alive.” Published in London in 1652.

^{page 94 note 1} ? Cavaliers.

^{page 94 note 2} He sent over an agent, La Riviere to England to ask for help.

^{page 94 note 3} “On October 7 Synott returned to Galway with an agreement between the Duke of Lorraine and the two Commissioners, Plunket; and Browne, in accordance with which the Duke was to be styled the Royal Protector of Ireland holding powers little short of those of Royalty itself. On the 20th this offer was summarily rejected by Clanricarde as entrenching on his authority derived from the King The Mayor and Corporation of Galway even chose an agent of their own to re-open the negotiation, which the Lord Deputy fiercely denounced. The Duke was not likely to lead an army into Ireland on the simple invitation of the Corporation of Galway.” Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii.)

^{page 95 note 1} “On November 5 (1655) Manasseh published his Humble Address to the Protector, defending Jews from calumnies raised against them, and arguing with some defect of worldly wisdom, that as England was the only country rejecting them, their re-establishment would, according to the prophecies, be the signal for the coming of the Messiah. A few days later he prepared a request for the admission of his race on an equality with the natives of England Though the Protector solaced him with a pension, he was forced to cross the seas discomfited, together with a number of Jews who had accompanied him and shared his hopes.”(Commonwealth and Protectorate, iii, 218–221.)

^{page 95 note 2} “Before the end of the preceding year the States General, alarmed at the Navigation Act, resolved to despatch an embassy to procure if possible its repeal At their first audience they were informed that the Navigation Act was irrevocable.” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii, 107.)

^{page 95 note 3} In Guernsey, surrendered December 17.

^{page 95 note 4} Peace of Westphalia.

^{page 96 note 1} Condé had been declared guilty of treason and France was involved in civil war.

^{page 97 note 1} Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii, 7.

^{page 97 note 2} Buckwheat.

^{page 98 note 1} We were at war with the Dutch.

^{page 99 note 1} In Dr Shaw's “History of the English Church” will be found the following entry “William Stanbridge to the use of W. Clopton minister of Markishall & R. Jocelyn minister of Earles Colne £ 199.0.0.” (from the sale of Bishop's lands).

^{page 99 note 2} “Blake fell upon the relieving fleet whilst it was still on its way from Calais, carried seven of the men of war into Dover and captured, destroyed or dispersed the store ships, with the result that Dunkirk surrendered on the following day. Commonwealth &• Protectorate, ii, 130.

^{page 100 note 1} “Off Dungeness the two fleets clashed against one another about three in the afternoon, Blake having still the advantage of the wind. Then followed a scene the like of which has never again been witnessed in the annals of the British Navy. Twenty of Blake's ships—some of them hired merchantmen, some of them men-of-war—held aloof and took no part in the action. The disparity of numbers, great enough before, now became overwhelming. Blake with but twenty-five ships was left to struggle against eighty-five. No heroism could count-ervail such odds, and, after losing two ships, the Garland and the Bonaventure, Blake was well satisfied to return to Dover, whence on the following day he made his retreat to the Downs.” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii,

^{page 100 note 2} Holly.

^{page 101 note 1} “Yet more serious was the news that the King of Denmark, whose good understanding with the Dutch was notorious, had detained in the Sound twenty English merchantmen laden with materials for the construction and repair of shipping.” (Commonwealth & Protectorate, ii, 140.)

^{page 102 note 1} ‘Afte r a three days fight off Portland, we took eleven ships of war and thirty merchantmen.

^{page 102 note 2} Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii, 176–181.

^{page 103 note 1} The remnant of the Long Parliament.

^{page 103 note 2} “In the middle of March one thousand men were pressed and it was said—no doubt with considerable exaggeration—that not a serviceable man was left behind.... Merchantmen approaching the coast were boarded and the greater part of their crews carried off. Able-bodied men fled from the sight of the state ships as they would have done from the plague. Orders were sent to secure mariners in Jersey and even in Scotland and Ireland. In London a raid was made on shore, even gentlemen unused to the sea were dragged out of their beds and hurried on board ship. (Commonwealth & Protectorate, 192).

^{page 103 note 3} “On May 19 a gentleman stepped into the Exchange and hungup a picture of Cromwell with three crowns and the words” It is I “above, and underneath the lines :—

‘Ascen d three thrones great Captain and Divine

By the will of God, o Lion, for they are thine.

Come priest of God, bring oil, bring robes of gold,

Bring crowns and sceptres, it's now high time ; unfold

Your cloistered bags, your state chests, lest the rod

Of steel and iron of the King of God

Chastise you all in's wrath ; then kneel and pray

To Oliver the torch of Zion, star of day.

Then shout, o merchants, city and gentry sing.

Let all men bare-head cry, God save the King.’

The Lord Mayor, half frightened, took the picture down and carried it to Cromwell, offering either to restore it to its place or to treat it in any other way as he might please to direct. Cromwell did but laugh at the poor man's anxiety t o please, telling him that such things were but trifles, not fit to be considered in such serious times.” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii , 228).

^{page 104 note 1} The Dutch lost twenty men-of-war of which eleven were brought in as prizes.

^{page 104 note 2} “If there was superiority in tactics it was on the Dutch side.... what the Dutch admiral lacked was a fleet equal to his merits.” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii, 239.)

^{page 104 note 3} Barebones Parliament.

^{page 105 note 1} The House refused to abolish tithe.

^{page 105 note 2} The fight in which Van Tromp was killed.

^{page 105 note 3} There had been a disastrous fire here in April.

^{page 105 note 4} The Treaty was not signed till April 5.

^{page 107 note 1} “The identure in which under the old system the returning officer joined with the principal electors in certifying that the persons named in it had been duly chosen, was changed so as to include a declaration by them that the new members were debarred from altering the Government ‘as now settled in a single person and Parliamont.’” (Commonwealth & Protectorate, iii, 8, 9.

^{page 107 note 2} Marriages between English soldiers and Irish women had been forbidden by Ireton on May 1, 1651.

^{page 108 note 1} Gardiner, Commonwealth & Protectorate, iii, 25.

^{page 108 note 2} Blake sailed for the Mediterranean on October 8. “How useful to Spain was the appearance of the English fleet in the Mediterranean may be gathered from the fact that the Duke of Guise was preparing to sail from Toulon at the head of an expedition designed for the conquest of Naples and that Blake was Ordered to frustrate that undertaking by attacking and ruining his fleet.” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, iii, 373.) The expedition was abandoned.

^{page 108 note 3} We had taken two French prizes.

^{page 109 note 1} Commonwealth & Protectorate, 116, 117.

^{page 109 note 2} “Wildman was seized at a village near Marlborough by a party of horse under Major Butler on February 10 just as he was dictating a declaration inviting the people to take up arms against Oliver Cromwell, and was carried off for security to Chepstow Castle. Grey was apprehended by Hacker and carried to London and ultimately lodged as a prisoner in Windsor Castle.” (Commonwealth & Protectorate, iii, 118).

^{page 109 note 3} “The Fifth Monarchy men, while basing their conduct on religious grounds, directly attacked the existing government on the plea that earthly rule ought exclusively to be in the hands of the saints.” (Commonwealth & Protectorate, iii, 112.)

^{page 109 note 4} Rich was brought before the Protector & Council on the 16th.

^{page 110 note 1} He was arrested with Rich on February 16.

^{page 110 note 2} “Rich was allowed to remain at liberty for some time longer to attend on his dying wife.” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, iii, 117.)

^{page 110 note 3} “What really took place on the night of the 8th was the gathering of a few isolated bodies of enthusiasts at their allotted stations, whilst the great bulk of the Royalists, refusing to sacrifice life & property in so harebrained an adventure, remained quietly at home.” (Commonwealth & Protectorate, iii, 190.)

^{page 111 note 1} Passed in 1653, ordering all mariages to be solemnised before a Justice of the Peace.

^{page 111 note 2} “There is good reason for believing that the preparation of the first great seal of the Protectorate was delayed because it was still uncertain whether the new title to be inserted was to be that of King or Emperor.” (Commonwealth & Protectorate, iii, 161.)

^{page 111 note 3} Commonwealth and Protectorate, 164.

^{page 111 note 4} The total amount collected in the country was £38,232.

^{page 112 note 1} “Not only did the Quakers scandalise the clergy by refusing, as Baxter puts it, to ‘have the scriptures called the word of God’, but they railed at ministers as hirelings, deceivers, and false prophets, bursting into congregations and directing against the occupant of the pulpit such exclamations as ‘Come down, thou deceiver, thou hireling, thou dog.’ They defended themselves on the ground of ‘the right of all religious persons to contribute to the edification of the assemblage.’” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, 197.) Not all who were called Quakers in those days were connected with the Society of Friends.

^{page 113 note 1} He had been appointed Deputy Major General for Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex & Cambridgeshire.

^{page 113 note 2} Spanish and Portuguese Jews ”had for some years been stealing into England either to escape the terrors of the Inquisition or in pursuit of gain.” (Commonwealth & Protectorate, iii, 216)

^{page 114 note 1} “In all parts the Major Generals found it necessary to impart vigour to the Boards of Ejectors who had been appointed to carry out the ordinance of 1654 for the ejection of scandalous or inefficient ministers who might have crept into cures during the times of anarchy.” (Commonwealth & Protectorate, iii, 239).

^{page 114 note 2} Edward Montague, who had been appointed to accompany Blake in command of the fleet.

^{page 114 note 3} “It was at once rumoured that these women were to be sent to Jamaica, as the Dutch ambassador quaintly put it, to nurse the sick.” {Commonwealth & Protectorate,) iii, 454.) The project appears to have been abandoned.

Jamaica was not at this time an attractive island. “So deplorable did the situation appear about this time on the spot that widows of soldiers preferred to sell themselves into temporary servitude in other islands rather than keep their freedom on the accursed soil of Jamaica.” (Commonwealth and Protectorate, iii, 454.)

^{page 115 note 1} Commonwealth & Protectorate, iii, 473.

^{page 116 note 1} Assessment tax.

^{page 116 note 2} Commonwealh and Protectorate, iii, 483.

^{page 116 note 3} Elections for the second Protectorate Parliament.

^{page 118 note 1} Probably the Declaration of the previous year, which forbade Royalists whose estates had been sequestrated, or who had taken part in the war under the late King, to keep arms in their houses or to maintain ejected clergy or schoolmasters.

^{page 119 note 1} Possibly John Rogers, the Fifth Monarchy preacher.

^{page 119 note 2} One of Fox early disciples ; Sentenced by Parliament “to be branded, pilloried, whipped, and imprisoned at pleasure ; all the influence of the Government was required to save Naylor from capital punishment. C. Firth. Life of Cromwell.

^{page 120 note 1} He had attempted to kill Cromwell on his way to Hampton Court: failing in this, he attempted to set fire to Whitehall.

^{page 121 note 1} An act to punish ale-house keepers for profaning the Sabbath by permitting stoearing, drunkenness, gaming, etc., in their houses.

^{page 126 note 1} Richard Baxter.

^{page 127 note 1} Frequently besieged but not taken by Charles X. of Sweden.

^{page 129 note 1} Third Protectorate Parliament dissolved by Richard Cromwell, April 22, when he threw in his lot with the army.

^{page 129 note 2} An income-tax of 10 per cent, known as the Decimation had been levied from the Royalists.

^{page 131 note 1} ‘I n 1651 the wages of labourers had been fixed by justices of the peace at Is. 2d. a day.

^{page 131 note 2} Exaggerated.

^{page 132 note 1} Small meadow.

^{page 134 note 1} Tether.

^{page 141 note 1} Certain sums of money which the parish priest paid yearly to the Bishop or Archdeacon. Formerly the visitor demanded a portion of meat and drink for his refreshment; these were turned into payments of an annual sum “ad procur-andum cibum et potum.”

^{page 142 note 1} He was one of the ejected ministers. He continued to attend his parish church and on one occasion, in the absence of the appointed minister was prevailed upon to preach. He was committed to Newgate under the Lord Mayor's warrant on Jan. 6. 1663 being the first of the Nonconformists who got into trouble for disobeying the act of Uniformity. He was set free by the King's express orders.

(Did.: of Nat: Biography.)

^{page 144 note 1} Leopold I.

^{page 144 note 2} Ruler of Transylvania.

^{page 146 note 1} “A little squadron belonging to the African Company, to which also the King added a couple of vessels, led by Robert Holmes, seized Cape Corso.” Ranke. History of England, iii, 422.

^{page 147 note 1} Off Lowestoft.

^{page 147 note 2} A Yorkshireman who had fought his way from the forecastle of a Hull ship t o be an admiral of the fleet.

^{page 148 note 1} Cf. Ticklish.

^{page 151 note 1} Annual average of deaths in London

1653–1665 including the Plague Year 19,946.

(Creighton, in Social England, vol. iv. p. 470).

^{page 152 note 1} 1626–1676. Born in Smyrna. When 20 years old he proclaimed himself the Messiah & obtained a great following among the Eastern Jews. He was imprisoned by the Sultan, Mohammed IV. He then embraced Islam, but the movement which he started lasted many years.

^{page 153 note 1} vide Bright's History of England, Vol. II. p. 370.

^{page 154 note 1} One hundred and fifty merchantmen were burnt on the Dutch coast.

^{page 155 note 1} Wood used for lighting fires.

^{page 157 note 1} “It was everywhere said that the Court had sold England to the papists, that a French army was about to land, & the general massacre of Protestants to begin at last.” (G. M. Trevelyan. History of England under the Stuarts, p. 356.)

^{page 159 note 1} An animal below the usual size.

^{page 161 note 1} By her agency Charles had recently concluded the Secret Treaty of Dover.

^{page 162 note 1} He captured New Amsterdam in the first Dutch war of the reign of Charles II, & destroyed a large number of Dutch merchant ships at the island of Vlie.

^{page 162 note 2} Because the alliance with France was unpopular.

^{page 165 note 1} In the earlier years of the reign of Charles II. The Intelligencer was published on Mondays, The News on Thursdays. In 1666 The London Gazette replaced The Intelligencer ; the news contained in these papers was meagre, but, such as it was, Charles II.'s subjects had to be content with it.

^{page 167 note 1} Cloth anointed with some glutinous matter of a healing nature.

^{page 168 note 1} “A Non-Resisting Bill was introduced.... No one was to sit as a legislator until he had sworn to alter nothing in Church or State.... But its passage into law was prevented only by a timely quarrel between the two houses.” (G. M. Trevelyan. England under the Stuarts, p. 381.)

^{page 168 note 2} Fagge had acquired the estate of Wiston which had belonged to the Sherleys. Thomas Sherley brought a suit for the recovery of this estate & carried the case o t the House of Lords, but was ordered into the custody of the sergeant-at-arms, Fagge being a member'of the House of Commons. (Diet, of Nat. Biography.)

^{page 169 note 1} Clotted.

^{page 171 note 1} Shaftesbury had been sent to the Tower by the House of Lords in February.

^{page 173 note 1} The MS. is mutilated.

^{page 174 note 1} William of Orange knew that peace was almost certainly signed.

^{page 174 note 2} In the Popish plot.

^{page 174 note 3} For issuing commissions to Popish recusants.

^{page 174 note 4} Danby.

^{page 174 note 5} “By Jeffreys, in a speech which wavered between pure abuse or a sermon which would have done credit to the most strenuous divine.” (Pollock. The Popish plot, p. 332). They were all eventually executed.

^{page 175 note 1} The Whigs swept the country.

^{page 176 note 1} It will be remembered that at the elections in 1661 “we lost it.” “The principal reason of the whig success was the panic of the country.” (Trevelyan p. 403.)

^{page 176 note 2} To prevent the passage of the Exclusion Bill.

^{page 176 note 3} At Bothwell Brigg.

^{page 177 note 1} The Queen's physician, charged with conspiracy to poison the king. These were the first prisoners, accused by Oates, who were acquitted.

^{page 177 note 2} She was drowned : ill natured persons said she was drunk at the time.

^{page 177 note 3} He was expected to die.

^{page 177 note 4} There was again a Whig majority.

^{page 178 note 1} Duke of York.

^{page 178 note 2} Water-lily.

^{page 179 note 1} Does this mean that the man arrested had, for a price, protected Josselin's goods from other thieves ? “It was related of William Nevison, the great robber of Yorkshire, that he levied a quarterly tribute on all the northen drovers, and in return not only spared them himself, but protected them against all other thieves.” (Macaulay's History of England, i, 301.)

^{page 179 note 2} The Third, at Oxford.

^{page 179 note 3} The king had received a promise from Louis xiv of three years supply of money.

^{page 179 note 4} The leaves of an anti-scorbutic.

^{page 180 note 1} They were zealous Whigs and threw out the bill.

^{page 180 note 2} “The last Whig demonstration of this period.” (Trevelyan. p. 419.)

^{page 180 note 3} A writ of Quo Warranto (Edward I.'s) was issued and the city accused of breaking the terms of its charter : the charter was confiscated.

^{page 183 note 1} This is the last entry in the MS. It is written in a feeble hand. The rest of the entry is mutilated.