^{page 247 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, Friday, on the Queen's wish to see Gladstone at Windsor that week-end, probably 12 or 19 May as he referred to Dufferin's visit, Add. MS. 44168, fo. 94, not printed.

^{page 247 note 2} Cf. Granville to the Queen, 14 May, printed Letters, 2nd ser., ii. 132.

^{page 247 note 3} 21 May, on Fish's proposal to meet Roundell Palmer's criticism of rule ii in article vi of the Treaty of Washington, F.O. 5/1297.

^{page 248 note 1} Gladstone's request to be released from a promise to accompany Granville to the Derby, 23 May, G.D. 29/60, not printed.

^{page 248 note 2} Not offered to Portman.

^{page 248 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, June 1871, proposing Calcroft for receiver generalship of the Inland Revenue, Add. MS. 44168, fo. 104, not printed.

^{page 248 note 4} Sworn P.C, 29 June, one of the earliest civil servants to receive the title. This date is the only indication of the possible date of no. 531.

^{page 249 note 1} See to Granville, Inveraray, 2 June, G.D. 29/52.

^{page 249 note 2} See to Granville, Inveraray, 29 May, ibid.

^{page 249 note 3} See Gladstone to Granville, tel. 2 June, anticipating a French demand for the extradition of communist refugees, G.D. 29/60. Lyons had suspended negotiations for a new extradition treaty, expecting cases to arise after the communist insurrection, see Lyons to Granville, No. 678, 29 May, F.O. 27/1865. Cf. Parl. papers. [C. 565] (1872). lxx, 447, laid 13 June 1872.

^{page 249 note 4} Offered but not accepted. It was accepted from the Conservative government in 1880.

^{page 250 note 1} Sworn P.C, 29 June ; appointed to the judicial committee 24 Nov. 1871.

^{page 250 note 2} Sworn P.C, 19 Aug. Tenterden was made C.B., 23 June.

^{page 250 note 3} Cf. Granville to Palmer, private, 8 June, on the interpretation of rule ii in article vi of the Treaty of Washington; approving min. by Gladstone, 9 June, both in G.D. 29/67; suggested replies to Palmer's questions in the Commons, Add. MS. 44168, fo. 114 ; and Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 10 June, Add. MS. 44639, fo. 63.

^{page 250 note 4} For Blount's complaint of German looting on his French property, see Lyons to Granville, No. 688, 2 June. Hammond, on the back, wrote that England could only communicate the complaint to Bismarck, F.O. 27/1865. This was done ; see Petre to Granville, No. 147, 24 June, F.O. 64/721. Gladstone's alludes to the comparable Kirby case, above, no. 445.

^{page 251 note 1} For questions, 12 June, on the British interpretation of rule ii, whether this was accepted by America and whether it would be put forward in presenting the rules for acceptance by other powers, and Gladstone's answers, see Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccvi. 1903–5.

^{page 251 note 2} See Granville to Bloomfield, 14 June, on his retirement and the submission of his name for an English peerage, F.O. 362/2. No. 537 was returned to Granville marked : ‘ 1–5. Yes W.E.G. Ju 14.71.’

^{page 251 note 3} 20 June, offering the lord-lieutenancy of Staffordshire, resigned by Lichfield and refused by Dudley, Add. MS. 44540, fo. 59. Hatherton refused and Lord Wrottesley was appointed.

^{page 251 note 4} Mem. of conversation with the Queen on the abolition of the lord-lieutenancy of Ireland, and the employment of the Prince of Wales as a royal resident. Add. MS. 44760, fo. 40. The cabinets of 24 June, 1, 5 July discussed this subject, Add. MS. 44639, fos. 67–70. Cf. further mem. circulating to the cabinet, Gladstone to the Queen, 29 June, 5 July and summarizing the Queen's temporizing reply, Add. MS. 44760, fo. 67. See below, no. 677.

^{page 252 note 1} Exchanges between Gladstone and Granville on the former's period of attendance at Balmoral, 10, 13, 19 July, G.D. 29/60, not printed.

^{page 252 note 2} Relates to the Cobden Treaty (1860) endangered by Pouyer Quertier's proposals of 12 June for increased customs duties in order to pay the German indemnity; see Lyons to Granville, No. 733, 13 June, F.O. 27/1865, and No. 43 commercial, F.O. 27/1883, and to Lyons, No. 28 commercial, 17 June, F.O. 27/1882, and Add. MS. 44639, fo. 64. For the French proposal of revision or denunciation, and Ozenne's project of revision, see Granville to Lyons, Nos. 35, 40 commercial, 1, 17 July, F.O. 27/1882.

^{page 252 note 3} A mixed commission, consisting of Fraser, Corti, and Gurney, appointed under article xii of the Treaty of Washington, sat at Washington Oct. 1871-April 1872. Gladstone returned no. 541 with a note that the proposal was ‘ a very fair one ’.

^{page 253 note 1} May relate to a possible refusal to see Prince Oscar of Sweden, Granville to the Queen, tel. 11 July, G.D. 29/33

^{page 253 note 2} 12 Aug., that no payment out of secret service money should be made to members of the Foreign Office staff or diplomatic service, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccviii. 1515–17. An allowance had been made since 1824 to the permanent under-secretary. Granville wrote : ‘ no ’ on no. 543.

^{page 253 note 3} 30 July, recording his last official conversation with Favre, who spoke of Turkish designs on the autonomy of Tunis and Egypt and of a Russo-German-Turkish conspiracy for territorial changes, F.O. 27/1868.

^{page 253 note 4} Gladstone to Granville, on a baronetcy for R. Wallace, 3 and 5 Aug., G.D. 29/60, not printed.

^{page 253 note 5} From Sir T. Sinclair of a motion in the Commons for the raising of duties on French wine in retaliation for French duties on raw materials; text G.D. 29/60. The motion was not put. Cf. minute by Granville on wine duties, with note on cabinet 9 Aug., Add. MS. 44639, fo. 92.

^{page 254 note 1} The Queen to Helps, 1 Aug., written to be shown to Granville and sent to him, 2 Aug., on the Queen's desire for an explanation in Parliament of her non-appearance in public, G.D. 29/73; cf. Granville to Helps with Gladstone's revision, 3 Aug., G.D. 29/22A. Granville was at Osborne during the week-end 5–6 Aug.

^{page 254 note 2} This instrument had just been revived (19 July) over the Army Purchase Warrant, Letters, 2nd ser., ii. 152–4, copy, G.D. 29/68. Cf. Bassett, A. Tilney, The Gladstone Papers (1930), pp. 105–09Google Scholar, for earlier practice and note by Granville, 20 July [1871?], on the use of the cabinet minute, G.D. 29/22A.

^{page 254 note 3} The session ended 21 Aug., and the Queen left for Balmoral with Granville in attendance 16 Aug., Granville to Ponsonby, tel. 15 Aug., G.D. 29/33. A mem. by Gladstone for Granville, 11 Aug. ; Granville to Gladstone, confidential, letter and note, Walmer, 12 Aug., and letter, 13 Aug., and letters, Balmoral, 18, 19 Aug., on the Queen's health and arrangements at Balmoral, Add. MS. 44168, fos. 124–28, 132, 139, 144, not printed.

^{page 254 note 4} Lord Lyveden to Granville, 11 Aug., explaining the phrase ‘Orange Tory’ applied to Gladstone by Lyveden in the Lords' debate on the second reading of the ballot bill, Add. MS. 44168, fo. 138. The Times, 11 Aug., p. 5, has that phrase, but Hans. Parl. Deb. has ‘ high Oxford Tory’ (3rd ser., ccviii. 1277). Cf. Lyveden to Gladstone,11 Aug., Add. MS. 44431, fo. 197.

^{page 255 note 1} Cf. Helps to Granville, 11 Aug., enclosing Jenner to Helps, 8 Aug., G.D. 29/73; reply, 11 Aug., G.D. 29/77 ' mins. by Gladstone and Hatherley, Helps to Granville, 29 Aug., enclosing Jenner to Helps, 27 Aug., G.D. 29/73.

^{page 255 note 2} An Admiralty minute, 17 Aug., supplemented the judgement of the court-martial on the officers responsible for the stranding of H.M.S. Agincourt near Gibraltar. It censured other officers of the squadron including Capt. Henry Glyn commanding H.M.S. Warrior ; Parl. papers. [C. 444] (1871). xlii, 653.

^{page 255 note 3} 4 Aug., when the ban on a demonstration for the release of Fenian prisoners was defied. It occurred during the visit of the Prince of Wales, Prince Arthur, Princess Louise and Lord Lorne, 31 July-7 Aug.

^{page 256 note 1} Untraced. Granville stayed at Whitby, 29–30 Aug., on his way south from Balmoral ; see Gladstone to Argyll and Lowe, 30 Aug., Add. MS. 44540, fos. 97, 98.

^{page 256 note 2} The Queen's speech at the end of the parliamentary session; see notes on the cabinets of 9, 16 Aug., Add. MS. 44639, fos. 90, 99. Two notes by Granville on its references to foreign policy. Add. MS. 44168, fos. 129, 130, not printed.

^{page 256 note 3} Of reply to an Austrian mem., 30 Aug., on co-operation among the powers affected by the new French tariff policy; see also Granville to Wolkenstein, 9 Sept., rejecting concert in the minute's terms, F.O. 7/792.

^{page 257 note 1} See above, no. 540. Sir Louis Mallet of the treaty department of the Board of Trade was commissioned to negotiate with Ozenne and to obtain a more definite proposal than that of 17 July. See Granville to Lyons, Nos. 42, 51, 65 commercial, 19, 29 July, 15 Aug., F.O. 27/1882; Granville to de Broglie, 5 Aug., F.O. 27/1887.

^{page 257 note 2} Increased duties on mineral oils and other imports were enacted, 9 July. For the protests of British importers against a breach of the Cobden Treaty and Lyons's action on their behalf, see Lyons to Granville, Nos. 82, 92, 93, 127, 136, 150 commercial, 14, 21, 22 July, 23, 24 Aug., 2 Sept., F.O. 27/1883 and 1884. Granville to Lyons, No. 100 commercial, 21 Sept., instructed him after a reference to the law officers, F.O. 27/1882.

^{page 257 note 3} To Granville, 5 Sept., after having read the Cobden Treaty papers, G.D. 29/52.

^{page 257 note 4} See above, p. 253, note 4, and below, nos. 618, 619. Seymour protested against Wallace's title ‘ Sir R. Wallace of Hertford House ’. For the relationship between Wallace and Seymour and their claims to the inheritance of Lord Hertford (d. 1870) see D.N.B., xx. 559. See also Gladstone to Seymour, 10 Sept., Add. MS. 44540, fo. 105.

^{page 258 note 1} Of Clanbrasil, revived for him, A. Lyall, The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava (1905), i. 150, 152–3 ; Dufferin to Gladstone, 13 Sept., copy, G.D. 29/60, reply, 23 Sept., Add. MS. 44540, fo. 119; see below, no 562.

^{page 258 note 2} For cabinets of 21, 24, 25, 27, 31 Oct., 3, 6, 8 Nov., see Add. MS 44639, fos. 101–19 ; of 11, 14, 15, 18, 19 Dec, ibid., fos. 124–39.

^{page 259 note 1} A further sentence on the Queen's health omitted. These last sentences were copied as a postscript to no. 555 but are not with the original in Add. MS. 44168.

^{page 259 note 2} To Granville, private, 21 Sept., urging acceptance of the French proposals, G.D. 29/74. See Gavard to Granville, private, 18 Sept., and Hervey's note on the docket, for Granville's conversation with Ozenne and Gavard, 20 Sept., G.D. 29/89. The negotiations, interrupted since the end of July, were resumed on the basis of a French draft of treaty submitted by de Broglie, 13 Sept., F.O. 27/1887.

^{page 260 note 1} To Hammond, 18 Sept., Add. MS. 44540, fo. 113.

^{page 260 note 2} See Granville to West (in charge at Paris), 21 Sept., and replies 22 Sept., 3 Oct., enclosing mem., G.D. 29/88.

^{page 261 note 1} On political conditions in France, emphasizing Thiers's reactionary tendencies and the decline of political freedom, F.O. 27/1872.

^{page 261 note 2} See exchange of telegrams between Gurdon and Hervey, 26 Sept., on Granville's agreement to 21 Oct. for the cabinet, G.D. 29/60. For note on this cabinet see Add. MS. 44639, fo. 101.

^{page 261 note 3} Gladstone to Rogers, 1 Sept., offering a peerage, Add. MS. 44540, fo. 99. This was said to be the first peerage offered to a civil servant, G.E.C., ii. 179.

^{page 262 note 1} See Granville to Lyons, No. 541, 11 Aug., favouring a separate rather than a joint Anglo- French reply to the Chinese circular of 9 Feb., F.O. 27/1852. Cf. Parl. papers. [C. 468] (1872). lxx, 152.

^{page 262 note 2} To Granville, 28 Sept., again urging acceptance of the French proposals, G.D. 29/74.

^{page 262 note 3} Enclosure in Sir L. Mallet's letter of 28 Sept.

^{page 263 note 1} To Gladstone, 24 Sept., on the political difficulties in his accepting a peerage, G. E. Marindin, Letters of Frederic Lord Blachford (1896), pp. 312–14. Gladstone's reply, 1 Oct., took the letter as an acceptance, Add. MS. 44540, fo. 127. Granville answered ‘ yes ’ by tel. 1 Oct., G.D. 29/60.

^{page 263 note 2} See Gladstone to Dufferin, 1 Oct., on the Queen's approval of the revival of the earldom and asking him to keep his office for the time being, Add. MS. 44540, fo. 127. See above, no. 554.

^{page 263 note 3} A leader in The Times, 14 Sept., p. 9, expected ‘ remorse for the reflections … last session upon [the Queen's] comparative withdrawal from ceremonial appearances ’. Disraeli at Hughenden, 26 Sept., spoke of the Queen's physical incapacity to perform her public duties, ibid., 27 Sept., p. 6.

^{page 263 note 4} West to Granville, private, 29 Sept., G.D. 29/88.

^{page 264 note 1} Untraced. It is missing from Add. MS. 44185.

^{page 265 note 1} In negotiation between Mallet and Ozenne, the British reply to the French proposals of 13 Sept. being still withheld; see above, no. 556 note.

^{page 265 note 2} No. 68 confidential, 29 Sept., recording a conversation with Thiers, F, O. 37/1885.

^{page 266 note 1} To Granville, 5 Oct., G.D. 29/74. See also his mem. : ‘ Commercial Changes in France … independent of those which involve a modification of existing Treaties ’, 6 Oct., Add. MS. 44432, fo. 28.

^{page 266 note 2} To Granville, 4 Oct., enclosing Mallet to Forster, 2 Oct., of which an abstract follows, and reply, 6 Oct., G.D. 29/56.

^{page 267 note 1} Relates to the projected customs treaty between France and Germany to establish a temporary special tariff for manufactured goods imported into France from Alsace-Lorraine and to the title of other powers to claim the same terms under most-favoured-nation clauses, F.O. 27/1885.

^{page 267 note 2} Gladstone's holograph, dated 9 Oct., together with a sketch of reply to the French proposals of 13 Sept. is in Add. MS. 44760, fos. 103 ff. A printed copy annotated by Bright is in G.D. 29/52. Bright's comments, followed by his initials, are reproduced in footnotes below.

^{page 267 note 3} France applies to us first because our Treaty has expired or stands only upon twelve months notice— I think we should deal with the application without reference to other Powers.

We are in the hands of France as to renewal, as far as their original concessions are concerned. [J. Bright.]

^{page 267 note 4} We make no retrograde step. France does, & asks us to remain as we are for a limited term. [J. B.]

^{page 268 note 1} An argument of force in former times, & used by Free Traders, but in 1860 used by Protectionists here against a partially Free Trade Treaty of no use in this discussion. [J. B.]

^{page 268 note 2} This idea of ‘ liberty of action ’ is opposed to all Treaties. We do not desire liberty to do what we know is injurious to us. [J. B.]

^{page 268 note 3} This is an argument wholly valueless. We dealt with her then Government based on a great majority of votes. [J. B.]

^{page 268 note 4} A French question—not an English one. [J. B.]

^{page 268 note 5} We made no great offering—it might seem so to the French—but we knew better. [J. B.]

^{page 268 note 6} which it has done. [J. B.]

^{page 268 note 7} Insecurity of the Emperor—& the late war & revolution are sufficient reasons why this expectation has been disappointed. [J. B.]

^{page 268 note 8} No reason to suppose this has failed. England and France have been much more friendly since 1860. [J. B.]

^{page 269 note 1} We are asked to make a new treaty or continue old one with ‘ changes ’—because the term has expired. France is at liberty to propose this. [J. B.]

^{page 269 note 2} This seems answered in subsequent Paragraph 10—& Mr Gladstone does not seem to believe his own argument ! [J. B.]

^{page 269 note 3} We do not ‘ put our hands ’ as approving—the whole matter of the Treaty practically is one of concession by France—we concede nothing—but accept what she proposes to grant, not being able to obtain more. [J. B.]

^{page 269 note 4} This if worth anything was an argument against the original Treaty for there were almost endless details in it. [J. B.]

^{page 269 note 5} The suggestions in the Board of Trade Oct. 23 1871 are so reasonable that they may be accepted by France & some points might be yielded to us as ribbons, plate glass, etc. [J. B.]

^{page 270 note 1} A great many will find this—& more than have yet given any opinion upon the question. [J B.]

^{page 270 note 2} She may & her difficulties in this may excite French ill will against us. [J. B.]

^{page 270 note 3} Not so much on a/c of difference of duties—but that we have been obstinate in their great embarrassment and misfortunes.[J. B.]

^{page 270 note 4} The Treaty was for all Trades—& its abandonment may be felt by all. Public feeling is now what it was in 1860—& the general interests of Trade remain the same. [J. B.]

^{page 270 note 5} If this were certain, then the Treaty commercially will do neither good nor harm—but politically it may still be good. [J. B.]

^{page 270 note 6} We do not accompany her—this is not fair argument in my view. [J. B.]

^{page 271 note 1} We are to make or hazard a great sacrifice to enable other nations to maintain their Treaties with France I Our friendly position with France is worth something to us—& other states must act for themselves. [J. B.]

^{page 272 note 1} Our Treaty is at an end. Treaties with these states have some years to run. France offers a continuation of the Treaty on modified terms—better, probably much better for us than no Treaty at all—are we to reject this, lest other states should be importuned by France to make concessions before Treaties with them expire ?

This argument seems to me beside the question, as regards the conclusions of an English Cabinet. [J. B.]

^{page 272 note 2} We are not bound by the Treaty to charge Spanish wines 2/6 while France pays 1/-. This is an absurdity of our own doing. [J. B.]

^{page 272 note 3} Why a duty on Coal more than on machinery or some other article ? Is not the reference to this point some indication of the want of strength of other arguments in this paper ? [J. B.]

^{page 272 note 4} There was no established rule for the case had never arisen since we adopted Free Trade—the reasons were conclusive to all but the Protectionists & to pedants in political Economy, or to a few men jealous of Mr Cobden, or opposed to the Administration of the day & to Mr Gladstone in an especial degree. [J. B.]

^{page 272 note 5} Rightly. [J. B.]

^{page 272 note 6} ‘Largely’ queried by Granville in the margin.

^{page 272 note 7} Not largely—see Board of Trade Paper Oct. 23 1871. [J. B.]

^{page 273 note 1} Good reasons for this as other treaties will expire then. [J. B.]

^{page 273 note 2} Not likely. This might be guarded against without doubt. [J. B.] Marginal note by Granville : Yes we should be secured ?

^{page 273 note 3} The Assembly is only too submissive—& even so our position would be no worse. [J. B.] Marginal note by Granville : then we fall back upon the present treaty till 12 months after its denunciation ?

^{page 273 note 4} Seems to be impossible—or may be easily guarded against. [J. B.] Marginal note by Granville : Yes in the same way and to the same extent.

^{page 273 note 5} The position of France—her calamities & her humiliation—should go for something with us. Unfortunate that Thiers and Pouyer Quertier are great Protectionists. It may seem necessary for them to gain popular support in some quarters. Five or six years hence there will be a new Government or President in France. Then, will matters be better or worse for us & for Free Trade if we now shut the door which even Thiers is willing to leave partially open ? I suspect much worse. J. B. Oct. 28. 71.

P.S. If the Treaty was thought so great a thing in 1860, can the proposed modifications make it worth nothing now ? I think not, & am sure the Board of Trade letter is sufficient proof of it. J. B.

^{page 273 note 6} Colliery disaster, 6 Sept.

^{page 274 note 1} A group of Conservative peers was reported to have made contact with the trade union leaders, William Allan, Robert Applegarth and George Potter, and to have undertaken to support seven propositions drawn up by the workmen, see The Times, 16 Oct., p. 9.

^{page 274 note 2} See above, nos. 502, 504. Lichfield, a Liberal peer, was known for his close association with trade union leaders.

^{page 274 note 3} As a contribution to the relief of distress after the great Chicago fire. Granville had forwarded to Gladstone a letter from Hammond, 12 Oct., proposing to give £1,000 out of secret service in the Queen's name, G.D. 29/60.

^{page 275 note 1} Relates to no. 572 ; see Gladstone to Granville, tel. 10.30 a.m., 14 Oct., for permission to send the postscript to Mallet, G.D. 29/60.

^{page 275 note 2} See above, no. 574 note.

^{page 275 note 3} In London 17–19 Oct. to bring the thanks of Paris to the lord mayor and city of London for her revictualling after the siege ; see Gavard to Granville, private, 10, 14 Oct., G.D. 29/89, The Times, 18, 19, 20, 23 Oct. Granville to West, No. 122 commercial, 20 Oct. (written 17 Oct.), recorded Leon Say's view that France wished to revise rather than to denounce the Cobden Treaty, F.O. 27/1882.

^{page 276 note 1} Cf. Howard to Granville, private, 29 Oct., 4 Nov., G.D. 29/95. Lytton refused appointment and Morier was moved from Stuttgart to Munich.

^{page 276 note 2} See Report from, the Select Committee on Diplomatic and Consular Services, Parl. Papers. H.C. 238 (1871). vii, 204.

^{page 276 note 3} To replace Collier, who had been offered, 16 Oct., appointment to the judicial committee of the Privy Council, Add. MS. 44540, fo. 136. Coleridge took Collier's place as attorney-general and Jessel replaced him as solicitor-general, Nov. ; see Add. MS. 44432, fo. 159.

^{page 276 note 4} Written on the back of no. 581.

^{page 277 note 1} Relates to the editorship of Fraser's Magazine which Dasent wished to combine with his work as a civil service commissioner.

^{page 278 note 1} I.e. when Dasent took charge ; see History of the Times (1939), ii 498Google Scholar.

^{page 278 note 2} To Gladstone, 4 Nov., on the possible choice of Cardwell as Speaker, Add. MS. 44185, fo. 208. Cf. an earlier letter, 31 Oct., ibid., fo. 200, and Mrs. Cardwell to Gladstone, 22 Oct., asking him to persuade her husband to stand, Add. MS. 44432, fo. 74. An undated exchange between Gladstone and Granville on Cardwell's refusal to stand, Add. MS. 44168, fo. 174, not printed.

^{page 278 note 3} Bruce and Brand. The latter was nominated Speaker, Feb. 1872.

^{page 278 note 4} Dated 2 Nov., against further negotiation for the revision of the Cobden Treaty but offering re-consideration if other nations assented to the French terms, G.D. 29/60. For Granville's objections see his drafts of reply to the French proposals of 13 Sept. and to West, No. 133, 2 Nov. For the unfavourable but temporizing British reply see Granville to West, No. 132, 1 Nov., first draft 25 Oct., much revised by Forster, Fortescue and Gladstone, F.O. 27/1882. The negotiation was closed by de Broglie to Granville, note verbale, 30 Nov., F.O. 27/1887. France then published her intention to denounce the Cobden Treaty, 17 Dec, but to negotiate during the 12 months' period of notice.

^{page 279 note 1} 8 Nov., on Dasent's letter to Gladstone, see above, no. 584. It disapproved and again blamed Dasent for the hostility of The Times, G.D. 29/60. Cf. Granville to Gladstone, possibly written in the cabinet of 8 Nov., asking whether he might mention Gladstone's approval with which he agreed. Add. MS. 44639, fo. 123.

^{page 280 note 1} Dufferin did not resign the duchy of Lancaster until he was appointed viceroy of Canada, March 1872 ; see below, p. 325, note 2. Dodson refused the office of judge-advocate-general, offered 19 Dec, Add. MS. 44541, fo. 18.

^{page 280 note 2} Appointment to the royal commission to enquire into the loss of H.M.S. Megaera.

^{page 281 note 1} Cockburn to Gladstone, 10 Nov., and reply, 11 Nov., on Collier's appointment to the judicial bench so that he might be made one of the four paid judges of the judicial committee of the Privy Council under the act of 1871.

^{page 281 note 2} The second and last paragraphs printed, Morley, ii. 383–4.

^{page 281 note 3} Printed by Morley with small omissions, ii. 381–2.

^{page 282 note 1} He had developed at Newcastle, 6 Nov., the theme of excessive expenditure on the court already opened in the Commons, Gwynn, S. and Tuckwell, G. M., The Life of … Sir Charles W. Dilke (1917), i. 139–40Google Scholar.

^{page 282 note 2} Copy, secret, 15 Nov., on Bright's not having ‘ refused ’ to rejoin the government, Add. MS. 44185, fo. 221. Cf. note by Granville with Gladstone's note on the cabinet of 21 Oct., Add. MS. 44639, fo. 106.

^{page 282 note 3} To Granville, private, G.D. 29/99.

^{page 283 note 1} 18 Nov., denying that the plan to settle the Roman question by a European conference originated with him, Add. MS. 44540, fo. 169. This was alleged in Favre, Jules, Rome et la ripxiblique frangaise (1871), p. 92Google Scholar.

^{page 283 note 2} To Granville, Paris, 19 Nov., offering to negotiate with Wolowski and Chevalier for the revision of the Cobden Treaty, G.D. 29/71. Cf. reply, 22 Nov., refusing the offer, G.D. 29/77.

^{page 283 note 3} See the Queen to Gladstone, 19 Nov., and reply, 22 Nov., on Dilke's Newcastle speech and ‘ republicanism ’, Letters, 2nd ser., ii. 164–9.

^{page 283 note 4} To Gladstone, 24 Nov., mainly on the Education Act and the Liberal party, Add. MS. 44112, fo. 193 ; and reply, 25 Nov., ibid., fo. 195 ; cf. Gladstone's mem. on the Education Act, 25 Nov., Add. MSS. 44760, fo. 125.

^{page 284 note 1} 24 Nov., that the lordship-in-waiting resigned by Suffield, 19 Nov., on going into the household of the Prince of Wales, might go to Clinton ; see to Sydney, 21 Nov., Add. MS. 44540, fo. 172.

^{page 284 note 2} See to the Speaker, 25 Nov., that the government would support the election of Brand as the new Speaker, Add. MS. 44540, fo. 177.

^{page 284 note 3} See Gladstone to Apponyi, 30 Nov., Add. MS. 44541, fo. 2, and reply, 2 Dec, Add. MS. 44432, fo. 212.

^{page 284 note 4} 10.40 a.m., 26 Nov., whether he was well enough to go to London within the week. Granville telegraphed that he could not go until 4 or 5 Dec, G.D. 29/60.

^{page 284 note 5} On the illness of the Prince of Wales.

^{page 285 note 1} 25 Nov., on what he would say at Halifax on the civil list question raised by Dilke at Newcastle, Add. MS. 44301, fo. 217. Cf. further letter 27 Nov., ibid., fo. 219. See above, no. 595.

^{page 286 note 1} See Gladstone to Lowe, 28Nov., inviting him to Hawarden and outlining a reply as no. 602. copy in ibid., fo. 221.

^{page 286 note 2} Not made a lord in waiting (see above, no. 598), but appointed to the commission to enquire into the property and income of Oxford and Cambridge Universities, 26 Dec, Add. MS. 44432, fo. 306.

^{page 287 note 1} See Howard to Granville, No. 287, 22 Nov. The phrase is in the hand of T. F. Wetherell, initialled and dated by him, F.O. 9/211. No other dispatch in the volume bears this unusual comment.

^{page 287 note 2} Spencer's letter untraced. Macdonnell was made a baronet in 1872.

^{page 288 note 1} Rochdale, 28 Nov., Add. MS. 44112, fo. 199; see above, nos. 595, 598, and below, no. 738

^{page 288 note 2} Cf. Lowe to Gladstone, 29 Nov., and reply, 30 Nov., Add. MS. 44301, fos. 225, 227. See above, no. 602.

^{page 289 note 1} At Halifax, 4 Dec, The Times, 6 Dec, p. 3.

^{page 289 note 2} In favour of Brand. Cf. Gladstone to Halifax, 6 Dec, Add. MS. 44541, fo. 7.

^{page 289 note 3} 8 Dec. suggesting national prayer for the Prince of Wales. Gladstone telegraphed, 5.0 p.m., that he had not deciphered it. Granville then telegraphed en clair, G.D. 29/60.

^{page 290 note 1} For cabinet, 11 Dec, held at Bruton Street on ‘ Collier appointment, Dilke Speech, Speakership, French Treaty,’ see Add. MS. 44639, fo. 124.

^{page 290 note 2} Russell to Granville, 8 Dec, on the dismemberment of Turkey, G.D. 29/79, and reply, 9 Dec, copy in G.D. 29/60 with covering note to Gladstone : ‘ Is his brain softening and is the enclosed proposed answer too pert’.

^{page 290 note 3} Cf. Cardwell to Gladstone, 9 Dec, and reply, 11 Dec, Add. MS. 44119, fos. 286, 299 ; Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 14 Dec, which discussed the army estimates, held at Bruton Street, Add. MS. 44639, fo. 126 ; mem. by Gladstone, 12 Dec, Add. MS. 44760, fo. 126.

^{page 291 note 1} I.e. in the cabinet. For cabinets of 15, 18, 19 Dec, all held at Bruton Street, see Add. MS. 44639, fos. 128, 133, 139. Granville's reply was written below on no. 616 which was then returned : ‘ Better to mention it. Duke of Cambridge came this morning. He would like much to see you on this subject, and probably about things to be done in order to give the Prince employment. I do not like his particular idea, which is to keep him informed of all that goes on in the F.O.’

^{page 292 note 1} See below, nos. 619, 620, 621, 622.

^{page 292 note 2} Parl. papers. [C. 413] (1871). lxxi, 285.

^{page 292 note 3} Not traced, but cf. Hugessen to Granville, 22 Feb. 1872, G.D. 29/73. He was made P.C. 24 March 1873.

^{page 293 note 1} See Gladstone to Ponsonby, 22 Dec, and reply, 23 Dec, Guedalla, i. 320–3 ; cf. Granville to Ponsonby, copy, most confidential, 26 Dec, and reply, 28 Dec, G.D. 29/33, and Ponsonby to Granville, i Jan. 1872, G.D. 29/34.

^{page 293 note 2} Mem. by Gladstone, 25 Dec, recording the conversation of 21 Dec, as occurring ‘ yesterday ’, Add. MS. 44760, fo. 129. It began with the plan of a public ceremony of thanksgiving for the recovery of the Prince of Wales, went on to the future of monarchy in England, and ended with the employment of the Prince of Wales.

^{page 294 note 1} Relates to a paper by the ex-secretary of King Leopold urging the signature of a separate Anglo-German treaty within the framework of the general guarantee of Belgian neutrality, enclosed in Beaulieu to Granville, private, 19 Dec, G.D. 29/83.

^{page 294 note 2} I.e. of draft No.1, 3 Jan., to Jervoise instructing him to conform to Odo Russell's practicein the presentation of British subjects to the Pope. It incorporated Gladstone's addition : ‘ especially in respect to the avoidance of any sign of formal or official intervention ’, F.O. 43/117.

^{page 294 note 3} Date supplied from the copy in Add. MS. 44541, fo. 25. The undated letter was docketed as received for filing 14 Jan.

^{page 294 note 4} Relates to the means of stopping the prayers for the recovery of the Prince of Wales ordered by the Privy Council.

^{page 295 note 1} See to Powerscourt, 31 Dec, offering the lordship-in-waiting resigned by Lord Suffield, Add. MS. 44541, fo. 26 ; see above, p. 284, note 1, below, no. 630.

^{page 295 note 2} See notes by Gladstone on the cabinets of Friday 18 Jan. (sic, Friday was 19), Monday 22 Jan., and discussion after the cabinet dinner, 23 Jan., Add. MS. 44640, fos. 2–8.

^{page 295 note 3} To Granville, private, Vienna, 26 Dec. 1871, F.O. 362/3 ; carried by special messenger together with his report of Andràssy's overture for an understanding with Britain, No. 108 most confidential, 27 Dec, F.O. 7/791. Lytton here emphasized the sincerity of the overture : ‘ no pledges or engagements on our part ’ were wanted ; pledges were offered on Austria's part for ‘ the defence of our Indian Empire and our general interests in the East ’.

^{page 295 note 4} See Granville to Buchanan, No. 13 confidential, 16 Jan., rejecting ‘ prospective understandings to meet doubtful contingencies’, F.O. 7/796; part quoted Temperley and Penson, Foundations, p. 344.

^{page 295 note 5} On leave in London from St. Petersburg since 22 Nov., before going to Vienna; visited Walmer during the last week of Dec.

^{page 296 note 1} See above, nos. 618, 619. Cormack was knighted, 14 March.

^{page 296 note 2} Enclosed in Thornton to Granville, private, 19 Dec, on the illness of the Prince of Wales, G.D. 29/80.

^{page 296 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, 5 Jan., agreeing to K.C.B. for Jenner despite the rule that it should be awarded only to those who were already C.B., Add. MS. 44168, fo. 207, not printed. Jenner's acceptance, 12 Jan., Add. MS. 44433, fo. 47.

^{page 296 note 4} Cf. the Queen's favourable comments, Ponsonby to Granville, 13 Jan., G.D. 29/34.

^{page 296 note 5} Lady Georgiana Fullerton, The Gold Digger and other Verses (1872), pp. 102, 149.

^{page 297 note 1} Lord Vernon and Lord Elcho married two sisters, daughters of the first Earl of Lichfield. Cf. Granville to Gladstone, tel. 5 Jan., G.D. 29/61. It reported Biddulph to Granville, 3 Jan., on the Queen's wish for either Powerscourt or Vernon as a lord in waiting, G.D. 29/34 1 see above, p. 284, note 1, and no. 625, below, nos. 636, 637.

^{page 297 note 2} Cf. Buchanan to Granville, private, 11 Jan., F.O. 362/3.

^{page 297 note 3} Cf. Gladstone to the Queen, 10 Jan., and reply, 13 Jan., Guedalla, i, 324–6.

^{page 298 note 1} See E. March (consul Fiji Islands) to Granville, No. 7, 19 Sept. 1871, received 8 Jan. 1872, reporting the share of this ship of Melbourne in the kidnapping of south sea islanders for work in Fiji or the Australian colonies, F.O. 58/129 ; see also Colonial Office to Foreign Office, 12 Feb., and enclosure, F.O. 84/1360. This slave trade disguised as legal immigration was checked by the act of 1872.

^{page 298 note 2} Relates to the proposed publication, in the auditor-general's annual report to Parliament, of a Treasury letter to the Council Office blaming the defalcations of an accountant in the Science and Art department upon Henry Cole, the department's head. Ripon claimed that Cole was not responsible and that the Treasury letter should not be published without his reply. The latter was published, but Cole resigned Feb. 1873. See Ripon to Gladstone, 9 Jan., Add. MS. 44286, fo. 129, Lowe to Gladstone, 2, 8, 10, 11, 12 Jan., Add. MS. 44302, fos. 4–13. See also Forster to Granville and reply, 17 Nov., 2 Dec. 1871, G.D. 29/56.

^{page 298 note 3} To Granville, 7 Jan., showing that part of the American case on the Alabama claims, which claimed on account of indirect damage, was not legitimate matter for the arbitrators to judge and urging an immediate British protest. Cf. Granville to Palmer, 8 Jan., enclosing Westbury's letter and his reply, and Palmer's reply, 10 Jan., and Granville's rejoinder, n Jan., G.D. 29/67.

^{page 298 note 4} Together with Cockburn in order ‘ to supervise the statements and possibly to plead ’ before the arbitrators ; see Granville to Palmer, 15 July, and reply, 19 July 1871. Palmer, 10 Jan., found that attendance in July would interfere with his professional duties. Granville replied that the timetable could be arranged with Cockburn, 11 Jan., G.D. 29/67.

^{page 299 note 1} See Parl. papers. [C. 476] (1872). lxix, 175 ; for the British case [C. 469], loc. cit. 1 ; see also Tenterden to Granville, 30 Nov., 2 Dec. 1871, G.D. 29/106, and for Gladstone's views, Hammond to Granville, 1, 6, 7, Dec. 1871, 7 Jan., G.D. 29/104.

^{page 299 note 2} In the Senate, 13 April 1870, causing its rejection of the Clarendon-Johnson Treaty for the settlement of the Alabama claims.

^{page 299 note 3} To Granville, 10 Jan., saying that he ‘ acquiesced ’ in arbitration rather than believed in it, G.D. 29/67.

^{page 299 note 4} See Lyons to Granville, private, 12 Jan., on Pouyer Quertier's offer to come to England on the tariff question, G.D. 29/87 ; and discouraging reply, private, 12 Jan., G.D. 29/109. Cf. from Lyons, No. 57 commercial, 22 Jan., with Granville's min., F.O. 27/1936 ; to Lyons, No. 27 commercial, 26 Jan., F.O. 27/1934.

^{page 299 note 5} To Gladstone, 13 Jan., Guedalla, i. 326.

^{page 300 note 1} 17 Jan., refusing the lordship-in-waiting and repeated refusal, 22 Jan., Add. MS. 44433, fos. 69, 81 ; cf. above, no. 630, below, no. 660.

^{page 300 note 2} To Gladstone and reply, 18 Jan., on the Queen's proposed visit to Baden, Guedalla, i. 326–8,

^{page 300 note 3} To Gladstone, 16 Jan., Add. MS. 44120, fo. 1.

^{page 301 note 1} De Tabley resigned the treasurership of the household on arranging to stay in Rome until April, 5 Jan., Add. MS. 44433, fo. 19.

^{page 301 note 2} See Adams to Granville, No. 121 confidential, 2 Dec. 1871, received 19 Jan., reporting a conversation with the Japanese foreign minister about the eventual conquest of Korea, F.O. 46/143. Adams's language was simply approved, No. 5, 20 Jan., F.O. 46/150.

^{page 301 note 3} Part of the tariff changes, announced 12 June 1871 (above, no. 540), were shelved, 19 Jan., but finally enacted, 26 July. Thiers had represented Britain to the Assembly as favourable, 13 Jan. Britain then protested against the proposed internal taxes on raw materials and the compensatory import duties on British manufactures ; see to Lyons, tel. 18 Jan., No. 15 commercial, 19 Jan., altered in the cabinet, 19 Jan., Nos. 23, 24 confidential commercial, 24 Jan., F.O. 27/1934, Add. MS. 44640, fo. 2.

^{page 301 note 4} Untraced.

^{page 301 note 5} Missing from Gladstone's correspondence with Chevalier, Add. MS. 44127.

^{page 301 note 6} Allowed to retain the captaincy of the yeomen of the guard and the position of second whip in the Lords when he went to the Near East, Nov. 1871–April 1872, Bessborough to Granville, 30 Sept. 1871, G.D. 29/71.

^{page 301 note 7} Cf. Granville to Lyons, private, 27 Jan., G.D. 29/109 ; Lyons to Granville, tel. 28 Jan., suggesting an inspired article in the English newspapers, F.O. 27/1937.

^{page 302 note 1} Refused the vice-chamberlainship of the household, 4 Feb., Add. MS. 44433, fo. 126.

^{page 302 note 2} The Assembly authorized Thiers to denounce the Cobden Treaty, 2 Feb. His success was clear by 25 Jan. The Treaty ran from 4 Feb. to 4 Feb. with provision for a year's validity after denunciation. Britain held that this year began on 4 Feb. following the denunciation ; France that it began on the date of denunciation. Britain accepted the French view, 27 Jan.

^{page 302 note 3} 26 Jan., urging again an immediate protest against the indirect claims ; see also Granville's reply, 27 Jan., arranging a meeting, G.D. 29/67. See above, no. 633.

^{page 302 note 4} Cf. Beaulieu to Granville, private, 24 Jan., answering Granville's enquiry, G.D. 29/83.

^{page 302 note 5} To Granville, 23 Jan., G.D. 29/71. He moved the address, which was seconded by Powers-court, 6 Feb.

^{page 302 note 6} See Lyons to Granville, Nos. 74 confidential commercial, 75 commercial, 25 Jan., on the likelihood of the denunciation of the Cobden Treaty, F.O. 27/1936. Gladstone's paper, provided with a preface by Granville, became No. 29 commercial, to Lyons, 27 Jan., on Britain's readiness to ease French fiscal difficulties but her dislike of protectionist proposals though ‘ she did not close the door to them ’, F.O. 27/1934. Cf. Granville to Lyons, private, 27 Jan., G.D. 29/109 ; see below, nos. 642–45.

^{page 302 note 7} For the cabinet of 27 Jan., see Add. MS. 44640, fos. 13, 14.

^{page 303 note 1} On the British position in relation to the claims for indirect damage included in the American case for the Geneva tribunal.

^{page 304 note 1} I.e. a draft for part of the Queen's speech at the opening of Parliament, returned to Gladstone, 31 Jan., together with no. 647 below.

^{page 304 note 2} Not in the volumes of correspondence with Gladstone, Add. MS. 44157, or Granville, G.D. 29/56. Cf. Gladstone to Forster, 31 Jan., Add. MS. 44541, fo. 61.

^{page 304 note 3} The first proposed paragraph was adopted, but the Queen went on to refer to ‘ the friendly communication ’ to the United States of the British view that the American case presented claims beyond the province of the arbitration ; since by then Granville's note to Schenck, 3 Feb., had gone. Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccix. 4.

^{page 305 note 1} The rest of no. 647 is missing.

^{page 305 note 2} The date is suggested by the date when the Queen's speech was read to the cabinet.

^{page 305 note 3} In the debate on the address, 6 and 7 Feb., on the British interpretation of the Treaty of Washington on the indirect claims, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccix. 73–89, 111–27; sections differently reported in The Times ; ibid., 85–6, 119–20.

^{page 305 note 4} Possibly from the Queen, Letters, 2nd ser., ii. 190. Cf. Ponsonby to Granville, 7 Feb., G.D. 29/34

^{page 306 note 1} See The Times, 7 Feb., p. 9, 8 Feb., p. 9. The second article came nearer to Gladstone's meaning but reported his having said that no view other than the British could be ‘ honestly attached ’ to the Treaty of Washington.

^{page 306 note 2} To Gladstone, 9 Feb., Add. MS. 44143, fo. 156.

^{page 306 note 3} Date supplied by Gladstone's copy in Add. MS. 44541, fo. 69. No. 652 is bound with the Granville papers of 1871.

^{page 306 note 4} 11 Feb., partly printed, Guedalla, i. 335.

^{page 307 note 1} Accepting the conclusions of Roundell Palmer; see mem., 7 Feb., on the construction of the Treaty of Washington, and note by Tenterden, both printed and circulated to the cabinet, 10 Feb., F.O. 5/1393.

^{page 307 note 2} 13 Feb., on a successor to Lord Mayo in India. He favoured Dufferin ; Kimberley was ‘ wasted at home ’ ; Spencer was not quite able enough ; Lords Lawrence, Napier, and Napier of Magdala were also possible, Add. MS. 44102; fo. 116. Cf. Dufferin's mem. of conversation with Argyll, 13 Feb., Lyall, A., The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava (1905), i. 153Google Scholar.

^{page 308 note 1} To Gladstone, 14 Feb., on Northbrook's willingness to go to India and his suitability, original in G.D. 29/61.

^{page 308 note 2} See Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 10 Feb., for the discussion about the reduction of army estimates ; an exchange between Cardwell, Gladstone and Granville ; note on the cabinet, 17 Feb., Add. MS. 44640, fos. 21, 23, 30.

^{page 309 note 1} On the favourable division in the Lords on Collier's appointment to the judicial committee of the Privy Council, 15 Feb., Hans. Part. Deb., 3rd ser., ccix. 376–460. Portman moved the amendment to the opposition motion. See above, nos. 593, 594, 596.

^{page 309 note 2} Mem. by Gladstone, 17 Feb., on the force of ‘ amicable settlement ‘ in the Protocols and Treaty of Washington, G.D. 29/61, not printed. No. 659 was returned with Gladstone's comment : ‘ Let us talk of this. I do not much differ. F.17.1872.’

^{page 309 note 3} Cf. no. iv of Schenck's four suggestions for overcoming the difficulty of the indirect claims which proposed to set British concession on the San Juan water boundary against an American admission that the Treaty of Washington excluded them ; Granville to Thornton, No. 65 most confidential, 16 Feb., F.O. 5/1394, copies, G.D. 29/105, G.D. 29/81. Cf. Hammond to Granville, 16 and 17 Feb., G.D. 29/105.

^{page 309 note 4} Poltimore took the treasurership of the household, resigned by de Tabley, 27 Feb., and Kenmare the lordship-in-waiting, 24 Feb., Add. MS. 44433, fos. 259, 233.

^{page 310 note 1} Marginal note by Granville : ‘ Yes ’.

^{page 310 note 2} The United States had not replied to the British note of 3 Feb. ; sec above, no. 647 note.

^{page 310 note 3} Asking when the American case for the Geneva tribunal was received and circulated to the cabinet, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccix. 654 ; Gladstone's answer, 20 Feb., ibid., 768–71.

^{page 310 note 4} In the Commons' debate on the motion of censure on the Collier appointment, ibid., 658–762.

^{page 310 note 5} See the Queen to Gladstone, 19 Feb., asking that the three vacancies in the household be filled, copy, G.D. 29/61 ; see above, p. 302, note 1, p. 309, note 4.

^{page 310 note 6} No. 662 was returned by Gladstone with the question : ‘ Will 1 suit you ’. Granville replied ‘ I will be with you a little before one, and will wait if you are not ready ’.

^{page 310 note 7} Relates to arrangements for the thanksgiving for the Prince of Wales's recovery, 27 Feb.

^{page 310 note 8} Relates to Bright to Granville, private, 19 Feb., suggesting an American declaration that the indirect claims were included as ‘ historic evidence ’ only, and the draft tel. to Bright, G.D. 29/52. Gladstone wrote on no. 663 : ‘ I think so. F.20 ’. The letter went to Schenck, 20 Feb., F.O 362/1.

^{page 311 note 1} In the Collier debate, see above, no. 661, note 4.

^{page 311 note 2} In conference between Palmer, Granville, Gladstone and possibly others, see Palmer to Granville, 24 Feb., G.D. 29/67. Cf. further discussion in the cabinet, 24 Feb., Add. MS. 44640, fo. 39.

^{page 311 note 3} Marginal note by Gladstone : ‘ What ? ’ and on the back : ‘ Mr Cardwell. This concerns your U. Secship—let us speak of it. F.24 ’. Of. Cardwell to Gladstone, 24 Feb., with a postscript : ‘ Bruce has had a remonstrance from Morley against being passed over for Lansdowne ‘ ; 22 April, on Lansdowne's being the best appointment for the government, Add. MS. 44120, fos. 14, 26. Lansdowne took Northbrook's place as parliamentary under-secretary for war ; cf. below, no. 688.

^{page 311 note 4} See to Granville, 16, 24 Feb., on the indirect claims, G.D. 29/74 and replies, 16, 17, 25 Feb., G.D. 29/77.

^{page 312 note 1} To avoid any increase in Britain's liability for damages resulting from the indirect claims by a preliminary agreement on the sum to be paid by Britain if the award was against her.

^{page 312 note 2} To Granville, G.D. 29/67. P.5 objected to the Rathbone plan and to a similar proposal to fix the maximum and minimum limits of a possible indemnity. P. 13 objected to Cadorna's solution whereby the Geneva tribunal was to decide on the claim for direct losses first.

^{page 312 note 3} See Hammond to Granville, 21 Feb., on keeping the timetable prescribed by the Treaty of Washington, G.D. 29/105 ; the British counter-case, without conditions imposed, to go in, 15 April; Britain's understanding of the tribunal's competence to be stated when arguments were presented, 15 June. Cf. Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 24 Feb., Add. MS. 44640, fo. 39.

^{page 312 note 4} To Palmer, asking his opinion on a new proposal that Britain should not demand the withdrawal of the American case in its existing form on condition that the American agent at Geneva should withdraw the indirect claims when the tribunal met, G.D. 29/61. It resulted from Fish's appeal for a new suggestion, Thornton to Granville, tel. 24 Feb., F.O. 5/1394.

^{page 312 note 5} Containing the new proposal. See draft, amended by Gladstone, G.D. 29/61, and tel., F.O. 5/1394. Cf. Schenck to Granville, private, 27 Feb., G.D. 29/81 ; reply, 28 Feb., F.O. 362/1 ; Palmer to Granville, 26 Feb., G.D. 29/67.

^{page 313 note 1} No. 669 is followed by the note : ‘ I agree. G[ranville] and I. H[artington] ’. The similar opinions of Hatherley, Halifax, Bruce, Cardwell, Lowe, Fortescue, Forster and Ripon are in G.D. 29/69.

^{page 313 note 2} To refute the ‘ chapter of motives ’ in the American case, which presented British hostility to the North, typified by Gladstone's attitude in 1862, as substantiation for their claim in respect of indirect losses. The cabinet decided the letter should not go, 2 March, Add. MS. 44640, fo. 45, but cf. Gladstone's mem., 2 March, of reasons against any other method of meeting the personal charges, Add. MS. 44433, fo. 264. The letter was ultimately sent, 28 Nov. 1872 ; see below, nos. 760, 765, 794, 796, 966.

^{page 314 note 1} Fish proposed that both powers should present their counter-cases on 15 April without prejudice to the indirect claims, Thornton to Granville, tel. 26 Feb., Fish to Schenck, 27 Feb., communicated, 14 March, F.O. 5/1394. A note by Gladstone follows no. 672 : ‘ I find the [Treasury] Bench not of one mind—and would therefore suggest waiting for the cabinet tomorrow unless there is haste ’.

^{page 314 note 2} About to go to France. An exchange of views between Gladstone and Granville, 6 March, on his proposed visit to Nice, G.D. 29/61, not printed.

^{page 315 note 1} See above, no. 659 note.

^{page 315 note 2} Returned with the comment: ‘ Decidedly. W.E.G. Me.8.’

^{page 316 note 1} On 8 March Ponsonby wrote to Gladstone on behalf of the Queen a letter which ‘ nearly killed ’ the plan for the abolition of the lord-lieutenancy of Ireland and the residence there of the Prince of Wales (above, no. 539) which Gladstone had revived. Gladstone then worked to secure agreement on an alternative plan. Granville comments on Gladstone's mem., 9 March, recounting this. Add. MS. 44760, fo. 174. See below, nos. 727, 729, 730, 734, 735. 754.

^{page 316 note 2} To the British note, 3 Feb. See Fish to Schenck, 27 Feb., communicated, 14 March, F.O. 5/1394 ; cf. above, no. 672 note.

^{page 316 note 3} I.e. in the British reply. See Granville to Schenck, private, 21 March, F.O. 362/1 ; Granville to Schenck and Thornton, 20 March, F.O. 5/1395. It proposed a supplementary article to the Treaty of Washington. See also mem. by Tenterden, 16 March, Tenterden to Granville, 17, 18 March, G.D. 29/106 ; Hammond to Granville with a draft reply, 16 March, G.D. 29/105 ; Gladstone's notes of the cabinets, 16, 19 March, when the reply was framed, Add. MS. 44640, fos. 55–61.

^{page 317 note 1} Relates to the protest to accompany the British counter-case to be presented ‘ without prejudice’, 15 April. For two versions of it with comments by Palmer, 26 March, see G.D. 29/67. The second omits the threat of withdrawal. Cf. mem by Tenterden, 25 March, on procedure in presenting the protest, G.D. 29/106.

^{page 317 note 2} Gladstone had complained to Granville in the cabinet that he had not seen parts i-v of the counter-case, Gurdon to Wetherell, 5 April, G.D. 29/61, and an exchange between Granville and Tenterden, 5 April, G.D. 29/106.

^{page 318 note 1} The covering note was framed in a smaller meeting after the cabinet had decided on the counter-case. It adopted unawares a form that did not fit the latter ; Hammond's mem. For Granville, 5 April, and min., 6 April, G.D. 29/105 ; Tenterden to Granville, 5 April, with drafts of an introduction to the counter-case to bring it into line; 6 April, describing his part in convening a second meeting to revise the counter-case, G.D. 29/106.

^{page 318 note 2} To Gladstone, 6 April, on the revision necessary to the counter-case, Add. MS. 44302, fo. 35 ; cf. a second letter describing the alterations, ibid., fo. 38.

^{page 319 note 1} Private, 5 April. The letter was cancelled and an amended letter bearing the same date sent, 8 April, G.D. 29/81.

^{page 319 note 2} The rest of no. 685 is missing.

^{page 320 note 1} See statements by Granville in the Lords and Gladstone in the Commons, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser., ccx. 1304–5, 1330.

^{page 320 note 2} From Geneva, where Tenterden was British agent, 15 April, received 16 April. It reported the American counsel's proposal for the settlement of the indirect claims question by agreement between the counsel of both sides. Cf. Tenterden to Granville, private, 15 April, with the tel., G.D. 29/106.

^{page 320 note 3} See above, no. 666 note.

^{page 321 note 1} There are two versions of no. 689, both in Granville's hand. That in the Granville papers, marked copy, and dated 17 April, has the last three paragraphs, after the signature.

^{page 321 note 2} For a reply to a Commons' question, 18 April, why Britain had not insisted upon the withdrawal of the indirect claims before presenting her counter-case. Gladstone asked the House to forgo explanations, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccx. 1476.

^{page 321 note 3} Northcote to Granville, 7 April, on the joint commission of 1871 and the indirect claims, G.D. 29/22A.

^{page 322 note 1} Draft for Gladstone's reply to a question, 23 April, asking for an assurance that further proceedings at Geneva would be suspended until the indirect claims were withdrawn, Hans. Parl. Deb., loc. cit., 1679.

^{page 322 note 2} Follows no. 692 in G.D. 29/61, copy in Add. MS. 44434, fo. 82. It was a warning that Britain might be compelled by parliamentary pressure to notify her intention to withdraw from the arbitration unless the indirect claims were dropped by 15 June. Cf. Wetherell's copy of Schenck's record of a conversation with Granville, late 24 April; Granville to Schenck and reply, 25 April, G.D. 29/81.

^{page 322 note 3} Of 23 April, asking for instructions on the Greek patriarch's wish for his attendance at a Te Deum in Constantinople for the recovery of the Prince of Wales, F.O. 78/2216. Granville telegraphed, 26 April, leaving him discretion, F.O. 78/2213. The ‘ application ’ to Gladstone was from a Greek, Demetrius Aristarchi; for Gladstone's min. on his letter, see G.D. 29/61. Cf. Gurdon to Wetherell, 25 April, ibid.

^{page 322 note 4} The original of no. 694 is in the Granville papers together with the envelope. According to the docket, a copy went to Cardwell and was answered by him, 27 April.

^{page 323 note 1} The American reply to the British rejoinder, 20 March, to the American answer, 27 Feb., to the British note, 3 Feb., on the indirect claims. The substance was telegraphed to Schenck, 28 April, who telegraphed to Granville, G.D. 29/81. Behind this exchange negotiations continued to supplement the Treaty of Washington.

^{page 324 note 1} On Fish's reply; cf. Hammond to Granville, i May, G.D. 29/105 ; Gladstone's notes on the cabinet, 2 May, Add. MS. 44640, fos. 87, 88 ; Granville's notes untraced.

^{page 324 note 2} Draft with Gladstone's amendment, G.D. 29/61. It replied to Thornton's tel. 3 May, F.O. 5/1398. It gave him discretion to encourage a resolution in the House of Representatives for the withdrawal of the indirect claims.

^{page 324 note 3} See Add. MS. 44640, fos. 2, 10, 17, 19, from which no. 700 made extracts.

^{page 325 note 1} 10 May, containing the British draft of the proposed article on the indirect claims to supplement the Treaty of Washington, F.O. 5/1398. Cf. Tenterden to Granville, 10.45 p.m., 9 May, G.D. 29/106; Schenck to Granville, 8, 9, 10 May, G.D. 29/81 ; to Thornton, Nos. 175, 176, 181–4, 6–9 May, F.O. 5/1398.

^{page 325 note 2} See note by Gladstone, with his note on the cabinet, 6 May, that the chancellorship of the duchy of Lancaster, resigned by Dufferin, should be offered to Childers, Add. MS. 44640, fo. 90 ; Gladstone to Childers offering it with a seat in the cabinet, 6 May, Add. MS. 44541, fo. 123 ; and reply, Add. MS. 44128, fo. 225.

^{page 325 note 3} Cf. Gladstone to the Queen, 11 May, abandoning his proposal of the duke of Somerset for the duchy, Guedalla, i. 348–9.

^{page 326 note 1} Cf. Schenck to Granville, Sunday morning, 12 May, G.D. 29/81.

^{page 326 note 2} I.e. communicating the proposed supplementary article ; cf. Tenterden to Granville, 15 May, G.D. 29/106.

^{page 326 note 3} An offer of a permanent residence at Blackheath in his Greenwich constituency.

^{page 327 note 1} Relates to Thornton's announcement, 13 May, that Fish proposed to present the correspondence about the indirect claims to Congress (British notes, 3 Feb., 20 March ; American notes, 27 Feb., 16 April). Granville replied that he would not restrict America's freedom to publish, tel. g p.m., 14 May, F.O. 5/1399. The notes accompanied the president's message to Congress, 15 May, and were then published in the London Gazette, 17 May, and laid before Parliament after the recess, 27 and 31 May; cf. Parl. papers. [C. 545] (1872). Ixix, 653.

^{page 327 note 2} On 13 May, the eve of the Whitsun recess, Granville and Gladstone both made statements on the American negotiations and the supplementary article to the Treaty of Washington. Disraeli led the Commons in forgoing debate, but Russell sought to open one in the Lords, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxi. 632–48, 654—65.

^{page 327 note 3} Received 1 a.m., 17 May, F.O. 5/1399.

^{page 327 note 4} Rumbold to Granville, Nos. 101–15, 23 April-1 May, on Turkish internal policy, the Bulgarian Church and Austrian policy ; received 11 May and, except Nos. 107 and 108, sent together to Gladstone. See particularly No. 115 confidential, 1 May, on the ‘ categorical instructions ’ of the Austrian representative ‘ to exert himself strenuously in bringing about a schism between the Bulgarian Church and the Patriarchate ’, F.O. 78/2217.

^{page 327 note 5} See above, no. 705, and Gladstone to the Queen, Letters, 2nd ser., ii. 206.

^{page 328 note 1} See above, no. 705 ; Schenck to Granville, 18, 22 May, G.D. 29/81 ; Granville to Schenck, 17, 20 May, containing Granville's draft of the note of 22 May, F.O. 362/1.

^{page 328 note 2} 27 May, Letters, 2nd ser., ii. 210. Cf. Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 27 May, which decided not to relax the rule against the wearing of foreign orders, Add, MS. 44640, fo. 99 ; Granville to Ponsonby, and reply, 25 May, Letters, loc, cit., 208–10.

^{page 329 note 1} The Senate amended the supplementary article, 25 May. For new British proposal, see Granville to Schenck, 27 May, and to Thornton, No. 225, 28 May, and ‘ additional observations ’ to Schenck, F.O. 5/1400. No. 227, 29 May, to Thornton, reproduces the words of no. 711, ibid.

^{page 329 note 2} No. 19, 31 May, received 1 June, a fresh American proposal: Britain should sign the Senate article on the understanding that a new convention nearer her views would at once be negotiated, F.O. 5/1400. 8 No. 22, 1 June, a fresh British proposal: both sides to postpone the presentation to the tribunal of the arguments due on 15 June and the arbitrators then to adjourn ; cf. note to Schenck, 1 June. For exposition of the legal construction of the Treaty on the matter of adjournment, see Granville to Schenck, 3 June, and following documents, F.O. 5/1401.

^{page 329 note 4} June, on the appointment to the office of Black Rod ; see Gladstone to Dean Wellesley, 5 June, Add. MS. 44541, fo. 136.

^{page 329 note 5} See above, no. 703.

^{page 329 note 6} See above, no. 712, the British proposal. It was rejected by America; from Thornton, tel. No. 23, 4 June, received 5 June, F.O. 5/1401.

^{page 330 note 1} Relates to the impolicy of a parallel debate in the Commons to that in the Lords on Russell's much postponed motion for the suspension of the arbitration until the indirect claims were withdrawn, 4, 6 June, Hans. Part. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxi. 1095–1190, 1262–8.

^{page 330 note 2} Draft amendment to Russell's motion : approving the British declaration that the indirect claims were not within the scope of the arbitration, but refraining ‘ from any expression of opinion at this juncture ’, G.D. 29/61.

^{page 330 note 3} Relates to the wording of addition A. to the proposed supplementary article. It denned the term ‘ indirect losses ’.

^{page 331 note 1} See Granville to Schenck, 5 June, which enclosed the British additions (A.B.C.) to the proposed supplementary article ; Schenck to Granville, 6 June, explaining America's understanding of the article which made addition C. unnecessary, F.O. 5/1401.

^{page 331 note 2} See Granville to Schenck ; to Thornton, tel. No. 42, 7.45 p.m. ; Palmer to Granville, 7 June, ibid. He re-worded the proposed addition A. to meet Fish's objection reported by Thornton, tel. No. 24, 6 June, ibid.

^{page 331 note 3} Fish to Schenck, tel. 9 June, communicated 7 a.m. 10 June, ibid. He rejected Britain's proposal for a joint request for the adjournment of the tribunal and a British declaration, to be put in with her argument, 15 June, reserving her right to withdraw if the indirect claims question was not settled during the adjournment. The cabinet met 10, 11, 12 June, Add. MS. 44640, fos. 112–19. It was decided that Britain should ask for an adjournment and withhold her argument, and the British arbitrator, counsel and agent then went to Geneva. See Granville to Tenterden, Nos. 3–6, 12 June, F.O. 5/1402.

^{page 332 note 1} On 11 June Granville and Gladstone reported the procedure proposed when the tribunal met at Geneva. Cairns in the Lords and Disraeli in the Commons spoke against the government, Hans. Part. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxi. 1562–82, 1589–1614.

^{page 332 note 2} Halifax to Granville, confidential, 14 June, moving towards Granville's and Gladstone's view that the whole object for the moment was to keep the arbitration in being, G.D. 29/64. The cabinet was still divided on their course if the adjournment was refused ; see Granville to Palmer, 12 June, G.D. 29/67 ; Gladstone to Goschen, 17 June, Add. MS. 44541, fo. 139.

^{page 332 note 3} Granville to Tenterden, tel. 14 June, authorizing him to give the secretary of the tribunal a sealed copy of the British argument, F.O. 5/1402.

^{page 332 note 4} Gladstone to Granville, 14 June, on Foreign Office post for Herbert Gladstone and the deanery of Lincoln, and two notes, 15 June, G.D. 29/61, not printed.

^{page 333 note 1} Tenterden to Granville, I a.m. 17 June, solving the indirect claims question, F.O. 5/1402. On 16 June Evarts, the American counsel, and Palmer, the British counsel, agreed to a declaration by the neutral arbitrators against the indirect claims. See Tenterden to Granville, private, 15 and 16 June, enclosing a confidential mem. of the conversation between Evarts and Palmer, 16 June, G.D. 29/106. Granville to Tenterden, 1.20 p.m. 17 June, simply approved his proceedings.

^{page 333 note 2} No. 725 was returned by Gladstone with the comment ‘ I wish we had discussed this— all the responsibility of these adjournments is now thought to lie with us. Cardwell rather agrees. W.E.G. June 20 4/20 Pm.’ The short adjournments on the 15th and 17th were at America's request and separate from the British request of the 15th.

^{page 333 note 3} 8 Sept. 1870, on coolie labour for Surinam; 25 Feb. 1871, transferring Dutch possessions on the Guinea coast to Britain ; 2 Nov. 1871, settling relations in Sumatra ; see Parl. papers. [C. 473], [C. 474], [C. 475] (1872). Ixx, 557 ff.

^{page 333 note 4} On 27 June Granville and Gladstone made statements on the settlement of the indirect claims question. In the Lords Cairns argued that Britain had been defeated since the tribunal had itself decided the scope and intent of the treaty. Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxii. 260–6, 293–301–

^{page 334 note 1} See Granville to Tenterden, No. 26, 1 July, appreciating the several contributions to the settlement of the indirect claims question, with Gladstone's alterations, F.O. 5/1404.

^{page 334 note 2} Not traced, possibly on the employment of the Prince of Wales.

^{page 334 note 3} 30 June, missing from Cockburn's letters to Granville, G.D. 29/71. An extract, refusing, as arbitrator, to sanction a judicial decision that the indirect claims were outside the tribunal's jurisdiction, but offering to join in anything done extra-judicially, is in Add. MS. 44168, fo. 280. Cf. Gladstone's note on the cabinet, Sunday, 16 June, and an exchange between Granville and Gladstone, Add. MS. 44640, fos. 142—4. After the declaration the British application for an adjournment was withdrawn.

^{page 334 note 4} Gladstone to Granville, 5 July, asking for the return of the draft letter to the Queen on the employment of the Prince of Wales, G.D. 29/61 ; an undated note by Granville asking to talk with Gladstone before he wrote to the Queen with a min. by Halifax or Hatherley deprecating a general discussion in the cabinet, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 5, not printed.

^{page 334 note 5} On the employment of the Prince of Wales ; see above, no. 677.

^{page 334 note 6} 5 Juty. Guedalla, i. 351–8. For the Queen's reply, 12 July, see ibid., i. 359–61.

^{page 335 note 1} Written below no. 730, which was returned to Gladstone.

^{page 335 note 2} Cf. above, nos. 262, 263. For proceedings in the Lords, 12 July, on the Parliamentary and Municipal Elections (Ballot) Bill see Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxii. 1043–67. Cancelled mem. by Gladstone, 6 July, on policy if the Lords adhere to optional ballot, G.D. 29/61 ; Granville to Gladstone, 12 July : ‘ Richmond says “ All right ”,’ Add. MS. 44169, fo. 8, not printed.

^{page 335 note 3} Not to press the matter of the employment of the Prince of Wales further.

^{page 336 note 1} Rejoinder, 17 July, to the Queen's reply to the letter of 5 July, Guedalla, i. 361—6; see above, no. 730. The Queen's letter, 5 Aug., closed this correspondence, ibid., 368–9. Cf. mem. by Gladstone, 6 Aug., circulating the letter of 5 Aug. to the cabinet and refusing to regard it as final. Add. MS. 44760, fo. 183. See below, no. 754.

^{page 336 note 2} Relates to the proceedings of the Geneva tribunal resumed 15 July, after the stop of 27 June ; see F.O. 5/1404 and 1405, and Parl. papers. [C. 688] (1873). lxxiv, 9.

^{page 336 note 3} Morley managed the mines bill in the Lords, Hans. Parl. Deb., loc. cit., 1590.

^{page 337 note 1} Of his rejoining the government, taking the duchy of Lancaster, see above, no. 606.

^{page 337 note 2} For the lord-lieutenancy of Northamptonshire, 1 Aug., Add. MS. 44541, fo. 165.

^{page 337 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, 28 July, on the duke of Edinburgh's marriage. Add. MS. 44169, fo. 14, not printed.

^{page 337 note 4} To Gladstone, 15/27 July, on the schismatic Bulgarian bishops, whose superior the archbishop was, and British influence among them as a counterweight to Russia's ; in German, Add. MS. 44434, fos. 314–31, translated, G.D. 29/61. Gladstone's reply, 13 Aug., Add. MS. 44541, fo. 179 ; cf. D. C. Lathbury, Letters on Church and Religion of William Ewart Gladstone (1910), ii. 304. The letter was sent to Elliot, G.D. 29/116, and to Musurus, Add. MS. 44435, fo. 130. See also Gladstone to Elliot, 16 Aug., sending his reply, Add. MS. 44541, fo. 178 ; Elliot to Gladstone, 26 Aug., 18 Oct., Add. MS. 44435, fos. 146, 256.

^{page 338 note 1} In London as the French delegate to the sugar conference, i Aug. In Feb. Thiers had failed to re-open negotiations for the revision of the Cobden Treaty. France then denounced it, de Broglie to Granville, 15 March, F.O. 27/1947. In April France proposed to drop the taxes on raw materials if Britain agreed to the duties on foreign shipping and on indirect trade, enacted 30 Jan. This failed, and the raw materials' taxes were enacted, 26 July. Ozenne's proposal was telegraphed to Lyons, 5 Aug. See also to Lyons, No. 220 commercial, 3 Aug., F.O. 27/1935 ; private, 10 Aug., G.D. 29/109 ; from Lyons, No. 439, 4 Aug., F.O. 27/1942 ; Fortescue to Granville, 5 Aug., and mem. by Gladstone, 7 Aug., G.D. 29/70.

^{page 339 note 1} No. 742. A copy by Hammond of Gladstone's comments and the draft paragraph for the Queen's speech at the end of the session anticipating an arrangement with France on the Cobden Treaty, and a complaint by Granville that Gladstone had not returned the mem. of conversation with Ozenne, G.D. 29/61, not printed.

^{page 339 note 2} That the Queen would be glad to see Gladstone at Balmoral. Cf. the Queen to Granville. Aug., G.D. 29/34, an the Queen to Gladstone, 11 Aug., Guedalla, i. 371.

^{page 339 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, 3 Aug., deprecating his leaving Carlton House Terrace, Add. MS. 14169, fo. 23, not printed.

^{page 339 note 4} Mrs. Gladstone's brother, Henry Glynn, rector of Hawarden since 1834, died on 30 July

^{page 339 note 5} On her way through London to Balmoral.

^{page 340 note 1} G.D. 29/79.

^{page 340 note 2} For correspondence concerning the Japanese embassy's reception, see G.D. 29/103.

^{page 340 note 3} See above, no. 742. France made a formal overture to re-open negotiations on the Cobden Treaty, Lyons to Granville, No. 447 commercial, 9 Aug., F.O. 27/1942. They began, between Ozenne and Kennedy of the commercial department of the Foreign Office, on 13 Aug. ; see Granville to Lyons, No. 229 commercial, 13–Aug., F.O. 27/1935.

^{page 341 note 1} See above, no. 740.

^{page 341 note 2} Damages awarded against Britain by the Geneva tribunal.

^{page 341 note 3} See above, no. 2 ; below, p. 342, note 4, nos. 767, 802–5.

^{page 342 note 1} Halifax to Gladstone, confidential, 25 Aug., on conversation with the Queen about the scheme for the employment of the Prince of Wales in Ireland. He had agreed with the Queen's objections, and said that the Prince should be put in touch with the India office ; reply, 28 Aug., Add. MS. 44185, fos. 298, 302; Gladstone to Halifax, 3 Sept., Add. MS. 44542, fo. 4.

^{page 342 note 2} He had pronounced a separate judgement; see Parl. papers. [C. 689] (1873). lxxiv, 419. In the tribunal he had violently disagreed with his colleagues, yet he welcomed the adverse award as an embarrassment to the government; see Tenterden to Granville, private, 18, 24 July, 28 Aug., G.D. 29/106 ; Granville to Cockburn, 20, 22 Aug., G.D. 29/77, G.D. 29/22A ; reply, 25 Aug., G.D. 29/71.

^{page 342 note 3} Granville to Chambers of Commerce, 20, 22 Aug., asking an opinion on the draft Anglo-French commercial treaty, F.O. 27/1950; replies, F.O. 27/1951.

^{page 342 note 4} Granville to Gladstone, Balmoral Castle,.after 2 Sept., on Ponsonby and the C.B. ; 3 Sept., on presenting a snuffbox to Cockburn since the latter considered a peerage without the chancellorship an insult, Add. MS. 44169, fos. 24, 62, not printed.

^{page 343 note 1} Cf. Ponsonby to Granville, 2 Sept., and reply, copy, Balmoral, 3 Sept., G.D. 29/31.

^{page 343 note 2} To the Queen, 6 Sept., replying to the Queen's of 2 Sept. which answered Gladstone's of 28 Aug. on the employment of the Prince of Wales, Guedalla, i. 374–80,

^{page 344 note 1} See the Queen to Gladstone, 11 Sept., Guedalla, i. 380–1.

^{page 344 note 2} See Stanton to Granville, tel. 8 Sept., on an Egyptian expedition against Abyssinia, F.O. 78/2229. The expedition ultimately went in Nov. 1875.

^{page 344 note 3} Hammond had forwarded to Granville and Gladstone a mem. by Lowe, 7 Sept., against continuing the French commercial negotiations, G.D. 29/105. Granville to Gladstone, tel. 11.58. 12 Sept., advised going on, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 78. Gladstone's tel., 15 Sept., agreed and so did a mem. by Forster, 10 Sept., forwarded at the same time, G.D. 29/56. Granville then defined preliminary safeguards ; to Gavard, 14 Sept., sent 3.30. 15 Sept. after Gladstone's sanction, F.O. 27/1947.

^{page 344 note 4} Granville to Gladstone, 10 Sept., on the difficulty of Stanley's audience of the Queen owing to doubts cast on the truth of the Livingstone incident and to his birth. Add. MS. 44169, fo. 72, not printed. Cf. Rawlinson to Granville, 21 Aug., G.D. 29/75, and reply, 22 Aug., G.D. 29/77, on Stanley's presence at Dunrobin Castle during the Queen's visit.

^{page 345 note 1} Missing from Gladstone's correspondence with Hartington, Add. MS. 44143.

^{page 345 note 2} Missing from Gladstone's correspondence with Halifax, Add. MS. 44185.

^{page 345 note 3} Read ‘ Gavard ’, who was in charge of the commercial negotiations in place of the ambassador. See Gladstone to Hammond, tel. 15 Sept., Add. MS. 44183, fo. 480.

^{page 345 note 4} Not traced ; but cf. Hammond to Gladstone, 13, 14, 16 Sept., Add. MS. 44183, fos. 478–83.

^{page 346 note 1} France proposed keeping the Cobden Treaty with the faculty granted to each signatory to alter his tariff in certain circumstances by denouncing separate parts of it, Gavard to Granville, 12 Sept., F.O. 27/1947.

^{page 346 note 2} After the imposition of the duties on mineral oils in July 1871 the law officers had pronounced British importers, who lost money through being bound by contracts to a price fixed before the duties were enacted, entitled to compensation. Cf. above, no. 551.

^{page 346 note 3} On Mallet's appointment to the India Council the treaty department of the Board of Trade was abolished and its functions transferred to a re-organized commercial department at the Foreign Office under Kennedy ; see Enfield to Granville, 20 Dec. 1871, G.D. 29/107 ; memoranda by T. T. Farrer of the Board of Trade, 4 Jan., and Hammond, 9 Jan., G.D. 29/105.

^{page 347 note 1} Treasury to the Foreign Office, 12 Aug., sanctioning the appointment of a Resident in Zanzibar but proposing separate representation of the Indian government, and minutes, F.O. 84/1386.

^{page 347 note 2} Granville to Sir Bartle Frere, 24 Sept., sounding him in these terms. Cf. Argyll to Granville, 13 Aug., replying to Granville's question about Frere's fitness for the appointment, G.D. 29/51.

^{page 347 note 3} See Gladstone to Hammond, 17 Sept., Add. MS. 44542, fos. 9–10.

^{page 348 note 1} Relates to his appointment as lord chancellor vice Hatherley. He accepted office and was raised to the peerage as Lord Selborne.

^{page 348 note 2} See below, no. 761 note.

^{page 348 note 3} The Queen to Granville, 19 Sept., G.D. 29/31. Ponsonby was made K.C.B., 12 March 1879.

^{page 348 note 4} See above, no. 670.

^{page 348 note 5} See Gladstone to Hammond, 28 Sept., Add. MS. 44542, fo. 15.

^{page 348 note 6} 12.30. 2 Oct., asking with Lowe and Forster for an immediate cabinet. Gladstone asked for what purpose, 10 a.m. 3 Oct., and was told : ‘ It is about the treaty,’ 1.50 p.m. 3 Oct., G.D. 29/61. The cabinet met on the French treaty on 10, 11, 12, 14 Oct., Add. MS. 44640, fos. 179–90.

^{page 349 note 1} 1 Oct., G.D. 29/87 ; cf. reply, 2 Oct., G.D. 29/109.

^{page 349 note 2} 1 Oct., F.O. 27/1951 ; see above, p. 344, note 3 ; cf. correspondence between Wilson of the Treasury and Kennedy of the Foreign Office on Lowe's obstruction and neglect over the French treaty enclosed in Lowe to Granville, 19 Nov., G.D. 29/66. Granville, Lowe, Forster and Fortescue composed a cabinet committee for these negotiations. For text of the treaty signed, 5 Nov., see F.O. 93/80/97 ; Parl. papers. [C. 700] (1873). lxxv, 261. For the failure of the treaty see below, no. 817 note.

^{page 350 note 1} Gladstone wrote his draft reply on the back, 7 Oct: ‘ Am not sure I understand the suggestion of Ld. L. in all its bearings but it seems to me good. Also am averse to the introd[uctio]n of new points from this side unless for strong cause.’

^{page 350 note 2} See above, no. 761 note.

^{page 350 note 3} To Gavard, containing the British proposals for the new commercial treaty, F.O. 27/1947. It covered the main content of the Cobden Treaty, but departed from it in some particulars. A copy of the tariffs then in force was, for example, to be annexed and power reserved to both governments to make changes in their tariffs without thereby cancelling the treaty. Cf. no.757, § 4.

^{page 351 note 1} Of 27 Aug., enclosed in the Treasury letter, Oct. 1 ; see above, no. 763.

^{page 351 note 2} Confidential, 7 Oct.: Gladstone ‘ would at once propose a Peerage to you, but he feels a difficulty in doing so owing to [your] refusal … on the formation of the present Cabinet ’, G.D. 29/77, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 99 ; see above, no. 2, p. 342, note 4.

^{page 351 note 3} Under article xxi of the commercial treaty, 5 Nov., this agreement was to be negotiated by a mixed commission in Paris. For minutes of its proceedings and declaration and tariff, see F.O. 27/2011 and Parl. papers. [C. 821] (1873). lxxv, 341 ff.

^{page 352 note 1} Gladstone's date has been read as Oct. 12 and the letter bound under that date in G.D. 29/61. The correct date is supplied by Gladstone's copy, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 24.

^{page 352 note 2} The enclosure has not been traced.

^{page 352 note 3} He had been the first to cast doubts on Stanley's finding of Livingstone and drawn attention to his birth; see Granville to Rawlinson, 22 Aug., G.D. 29/77, and no. 756 above.

^{page 352 note 4} Possibly refers to the enclosure in no. 769.

^{page 352 note 5} Westmann to Brunnow, dated St. Petersburg, 14 Sept., reporting his answer to Loftus's question about the Russian military expedition to Khiva then being organized, F.O. 65/874. Loftus reported the same conversation in No. 270, 1 Oct., ibid. Granville to Loftus, No. 205 confidential, 31 Oct., follows textually no. 772 but omits the allusion to Shouvalov.

^{page 353 note 1} See Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 12 Oct., where the instructions for Frere's mission to Zanzibar were agreed on, Add. MS. 44640, fo. 187 ; on the Zanzibar mission see below, nos. 781, 785, 836, 837 note.

^{page 353 note 2} On 25 June a motion for an address to the crown favouring a protectorate over, or the annexation of, the Fiji Islands was defeated by 51 votes, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxii. 192–219. See below, no. 842.

^{page 354 note 1} 19 Oct., G.D. 29/61.

^{page 354 note 2} Gladstone's tel., received 5·35, 23 Oct., agreed in rejecting Kennedy's alterations, G.D. 29/61.

^{page 354 note 3} See above, no. 768 note, and Granville to Gavard, 31 Oct., on the British view of the commission's function, F.O. 27/1947.

^{page 354 note 4} On the Indian government's objections to the Anglo-Dutch convention on coolie emigration to Surinam, 8 Sept. 1870 ; see above, no. 726. Cf. Granville to Argyll, 22 Oct., and reply, 28 Oct., G.D. 29/51 ; Gladstone to Granville, tel. 26 Oct., on closer examination of the regulations before sending the proposed telegram to Northbrook, G.D. 29/61.

^{page 355 note 1} Cf. Russell to Granville, private, 24 Oct., on the German Emperor's award on the San Juan boundary which Russell had mistakenly expected to be favourable to Britain, G.D. 29/92, Knaplund, Letters from Berlin, p. 71. For the award, 21 Oct., see Russell to Granville, No. 272, most confidential, 23 Oct., F.O. 5/1473.

^{page 355 note 2} See New York Herald, 23 Oct., alleging Russell's interference, enclosed in Thornton to Granville, No. 547, 28 Oct., F.O. 5/1473. The New York article was repeated in The Times. For Russell's denial see No. 300, 9 Nov., ibid.

^{page 355 note 3} From here to the end the text is taken from the copy in G.D. 29/61.

^{page 356 note 1} See to Granville, private, 27 Oct., on the rumour that the Bank was buying gold in France and Germany's offer to withhold claims on it and buy gold elsewhere, G.D. 29/92, Knaplund, Letters from Berlin, p. 72.

^{page 356 note 2} See above, no. 777. Cf. Gladstone to Granville, tel. 5.25 p.m., 30 Oct., on the German Emperor's award being within his terms of reference ; Granville to Gladstone, tel. 30 Oct., that he had already written to apologize for his mistake, G.D. 29/61.

^{page 357 note 1} Gavard to Granville, private, 30 Oct., and reply, private, 31 Oct., on omission from the draft Anglo-French commercial treaty of the clause of article xxiii, which prescribed most-favoured-nation treatment between the two countries after the treaty had expired or been denounced according to the dates laid down in its first clause, G.D. 29/89 ; Granville's min., G.D. 29/61 ; Gladstone to Kennedy, tel. 2 Nov., indicating the relevant alteration, Add. MS. 44436, fo. 3.

^{page 357 note 2} To Frere, Nos. 1 and 2, 9 Nov., instructions for his mission to the Sultan of Zanzibar for the negotiation of arrangements to suppress the slave trade on the East Coast of Africa ; Foreign Office to India Office, 9 Nov., on the scope and purpose of the mission, F.O. 84/1385.

^{page 357 note 3} The original draft gave Frere full power ‘ to adjust with the Rulers of Muscat and Zanzibar all pending questions pecuniary and political bearing on the Slave Trade on the coasts of Oman and East Africa ’, but this was omitted after minutes by Argyll and Granville.

^{page 357 note 4} Whether the words calling upon the Sultan to co-operate to stop the export of slaves from ‘ his Dominions on the East Coast of Africa ’ covered shipments from the mainland to the island of Zanzibar ; see mins. by Argyll and Granville on the draft; min. by Granville, 3 Nov., reserving the matter for supplementary instructions ; Frere to Granville, 9 Nov., F.O. 84/1385 ; Admiralty to Granville, 13 Nov., F.O. 84/1387.

^{page 358 note 1} 29 Oct., copy, G.D. 29/61. In the opening sentence Gladstone hinted at the indifference of the Guildhall audience to the prime minister's speech.

^{page 359 note 1} See Frere to Granville, 3 Nov., enclosed in no. 783, text in Add. MS. 44169, fos. 120–23.

^{page 359 note 2} Elliot to Gladstone, 18 Oct., Add. MS. 44435, fo. 256; see above, no. 741, and below, no. 806.

^{page 360 note 1} Confidential and private, 6 Nov., on the employment of the Prince of Wales, Add. MS. 44436, fo. 6.

^{page 360 note 2} At the Guildhall dinner, 9 Nov., where he deputized for Gladstone ; cf. above, no. 782.

^{page 362 note 1} 11 Nov., submitted by Kennedy ; denying an assertion in The Times, 11 Nov., that under the proposed new Anglo-French treaty, tariffs could only be altered on a year's notice. The draft was adopted and sent to Gavard who agreed, 19 Nov., F.O. 27/1947.

^{page 362 note 2} See Granville to Gavard, 4 Nov., concluding the negotiation of the commercial treaty, signed next day, ibid.

^{page 362 note 3} On attendances of prime ministers at the Guildhall dinners from 1835 ; follows no. 790 in G.D. 29/61.

^{page 362 note 4} The series of cabinets on the French treaty ended, 14 Oct. Meetings were resumed, 15 Nov., when the judicature bill and Irish education were discussed, and continued 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30 Nov., 3, 5, 7, 10 Dec., Add. MS. 44640, fos. 194–227. Exchanges between Granville and Gladstone, ibid., not printed.

^{page 363 note 1} See above, no. 640.

^{page 363 note 2} Relates to Jervoise to Granville, private, 6 Nov., asking for authorization to take private steps to ensure that the doings of the Irish Clergy ‘ be brought under the eye of the Pope himself and of the Propaganda ’, G.D. 29/83.

^{page 364 note 1} To Granville's letter to Ponsonby, 17 Nov., deferring to the Queen's views, G.D. 29/34. See also Granville to Saldanha, draft, 14 Nov., threatening to break off relations unless Portugal answered representations on the Lindsay case, F.O. 63/1073 ; Ponsonby to Granville, 15 Nov., on the Queen's objections and proposal of a private letter from herself to the King instead, G.D. 29/34.

^{page 364 note 2} Gladstone to Lowe, 15 Oct., asking him to re-consider his opinion against the proposed letter to Schenck (above, no. 760). Lowe's reply, 16 Oct., stood by his view, but said that it was now a case for Gladstone's ‘ own feeling and discretion ’, Add. MS. 44302, fos. 69, 70.

^{page 364 note 3} Admiralty to Foreign Office, 13 Nov., and enclosure, F.O. 84/1387.

^{page 364 note 4} Frere was to have supplementary instructions on (i) the method of preventing the traffic between the island and the mainland, settled by the Admiralty letters on the negro ferry, and (ii) proposed arrangements to prevent the slave trade among subjects of protected states ; see above, nos. 773, 781, 785, below, 836.

^{page 365 note 1} Russell to Gladstone, 29 Nov., blaming Gladstone, with Lords Ripon and Granville, for leaving him ‘ undefended against the calumnies of Mr. Fish ’, and accusing him of persistently disregarding recommendations for patronage, Add. MS. 44294, fo. 234. For Gladstone's replies, 30 Nov., 4 Dec., ibid., fos. 238, 240. See also below, nos. 798, 807.

^{page 365 note 2} Lord Rollo Russell.

^{page 366 note 1} See Hartington to Gladstone, 30 Nov., on difficulties about the resolutions of the cabinet on Irish university education, Add. MS. 44143, fo. 208 ; and reply, 1 Dec., that the resolutions were not final. Add. MS. 44542, fo. 50.

^{page 366 note 2} Cf. Ponsonby to Granville on the Queen's desire to speak to the Japanese in favour of religious toleration. No. 800 was sent, with Gladstone's answer, no. 801, written on it and a draft of the reply which the Queen might make to the Japanese speech, to Ponsonby on 4 Dec., G.D. 29/34.

^{page 367 note 1} On the reduction of army estimates ; see Glyn to Granville, 14 Dec., G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 367 note 2} See Granville to Kennedy, British commissioner in Paris under the Anglo-French commercial treaty of 5 Nov. (see above, no. 768 note), No. 36, 26 Dec., F.O. 27/1944.

^{page 368 note 1} Offered to and accepted by Cockburn, 1 Feb. 1873, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 79; see below, p. 375, note 4.

^{page 368 note 2} At Liverpool College speech day, 21 Dec. ; see The Times, 23 Dec., and Add. MS. 44436, fo. 161.

^{page 368 note 3} See Granville to Kennedy, No. 9, 4 Jan., extending tel., ‘ altered according to Mr. Gladstone's telegram’, agreeing to a French duty on English imported cotton goods of 60 centimes on 100 kilos, compensating for the surtaxe d'entrepôt to be levied under the French law of 30 Jan., F.O. 27/2011. See above, no. 742 note.

^{page 368 note 4} Elliot to Gladstone, 20 Dec. 1872, on the consequences of the patriarch of Constantinople's declaring the Bulgarian Church schismatic, Add. MS. 44436, fo. 154. See also above, nos. 741, 785.

^{page 369 note 1} Granville to Paget, No. 223, 30 Dec. 1872, recounting an explanation to the Italian minister of the reasons for withholding ‘ the assent ’ asked for by Italy to her proposal, draft by Granville, F.O. 45/196.

^{page 369 note 2} Granville to Kennedy, No. 7, 3 Jan., F.O. 27/2011. The draft was marked by Tenterden : ‘ This is the Draft about which I am in difficulty’.

^{page 369 note 3} Not traced.

^{page 369 note 4} Russell to Gladstone, 20, 24 Dec., pursuing his complaint of the government's failure to defend him against American accusations arising from his policy during the civil war, Add. MS. 44294, fos. 246, 251. See above, no. 797, for the beginning of the attack. Russell to Gladstone, 7 Dec., had withdrawn his accusations about patronage, ibid., fo. 242.

^{page 370 note 1} The marriage of the Emperor and the end of the regency gave occasion for raising anew the claim of the western ministers plenipotentiary to the ordinary privilege of access to the ruler denied to them in China ; see Wade to Granville, Nos. 179–88, 13–25 Oct., received 31 Dec., F.O. 17/632. See also below, no. 912.

^{page 370 note 2} Brunnow to Granville, dimanche, 3 heures [5 Jan.], G.D. 29/98. Cf. Gladstone to Granville, tel. 4.15 p.m., 7 Jan., thanking for the message and offering to come to London ; Granville's reply, tel. 8 Jan., that the interview was satisfactory and Gladstone's coming unnecessary, G.D. 29/62.

^{page 371 note 1} Granville to Loftus, No. 8 confidential, 8 Jan., F.O. 65/875 ; draft by Granville, 7–8 Jan., G.D. 29/98; cf. Granville to Loftus, private, 1 Jan., G.D. 29/114. Shuvalov was announced for 4–11 Jan., but stayed until 14 Jan.

^{page 371 note 2} Granville to Gladstone, 8 Jan., proposing Lords Clarendon and Vernon to move and second the address with Aberdeen and Breadalbane as alternatives, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 152, not printed.

^{page 372 note 1} Napoleon III died at Chiselhurst on 9 Jan. Cf. the Queen to Granville, on Napoleon as a ‘ faithful ally’, G.D. 29/35.

^{page 372 note 2} Layard to Granville, Nos. 408, 409, secret, 30 Dec. 1872, received 4 Jan., describe the precarious state of the dynasty, F.O. 72/1313 ; cf. Layard to Granville, private, 14, 19, 30, 31 Dec., G.D. 29/100. The bill abolishing slavery in Puerto Rico was submitted to the Cortes before it was adjourned, on 25 Dec., until 15 Jan. It provoked hostile demonstrations.

^{page 372 note 3} Untraced. Gen. Walker to Russell, No. 134, was enclosed in Russell to Granville, No. 12, 4 Jan., F.O. 64/766, and was forwarded to the War Office. Cf. Col. Reilly's report to the surveyor-general of the ordnance, Dec. 1872, W.O. 33/25.

^{page 373 note 1} The cabinet met on Wednesday, 22 Jan., and on 24, 27, 29, 31 Jan., Add. MS. 44641, fos. 2–18.

^{page 373 note 2} To Granville, tel. 11 Jan., announcing Shuvalov's overture to the duke of Edinburgh on behalf of the Tsar for the duke's marriage to the Grandduchess Marie, G.D. 29/35.

^{page 373 note 3} Prince Napoleon, son of Jerome, cousin of Napoleon III.

^{page 374 note 1} Granville to Loftus, private and confidential, 14 Jan., telling him Shuvalov's mission was concerned with the royal marriage as well as Central Asia, G.D. 29/114.

^{page 374 note 2} Granville to the Queen, 13 Jan., G.D. 29/35.

^{page 375 note 1} Cf. Granville to Gladstone, tel. 14 Jan., that the Prince would not attend Napoleon's funeral on 15 Jan., G.D. 29/62.

^{page 375 note 2} 14 Jan., urging that Rémusat should not make difficulties about signing the protocol, which became the declaration of 29 Jan., with the tariff negotiated by the mixed commission annexed to replace that annexed to the treaty of 5 Nov., G.D. 29/109. See above, nos. 768, 804, and below, no. 817.

^{page 375 note 3} See Odo Russell to Granville, private, 11 Jan., relating ‘ Bancroft's offer of American assistance to occupy the attention of England while Germany is fighting France ’, G.D. 29/93 ; printed Knaplund, Letters from Berlin, pp. 83–5.

^{page 375 note 4} Granville to Gladstone, 30 Jan., announcing Cockburn's readiness to accept the G.C.B. (conferred 12 Feb.), Add. MS. 44169, fo. 163 ; correspondence on Breadalbane's replacing Huntly as lord in waiting, 1 Feb., ibid., fo. 165, on the back of no. 817 ; an exchange in the cabinet of 29 Jan. on reduction of judicial pensions, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 16, not printed.

^{page 375 note 5} Relates to Lyons to Granville, No. 55 commercial, 30 Jan., on the submission to the Assembly of the recently signed commercial agreements, F.O. 27/2002. The treaty of 5 Nov., the declaration of 29 Jan., with the amended tariff submitted, 8 Feb. The Assembly was hostile and they were not ratified. A new treaty of 23 July revived the Cobden Treaty and annulled the denunciation of 15 March ; Parl. papers. [C. 822] (1873). lxxv, 627. Granville refers to a clause in the law of July 1872 enacting the taxes on raw materials. The cabinet met on 31 Jan., but Gladstone does not record discussion on the French treaty, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 18. See above, nos. 742, 745, 768, 804, 815.

^{page 376 note 1} Gorchakov to Brunnow, 19/31 Jan., without the PS., F.O. 65/876. It answered Granville to Loftus, No. 22, 24 Jan., laying down the British view of the Afghan boundary, F.O. 65/875. Russia now accepted the British demarcation and at the same time recorded a British engagement to prevent Afghan aggression. See above, no. 772.

^{page 376 note 2} I.e. for the Queen's speech for the opening of Parliament, 6 Feb.

^{page 376 note 3} This was not apparently reported officially or privately to Lumley. No. 820 is marked by Gladstone : ‘ This intelligence rather tends to lower my estimate of the acumen of the King of the Belgians ’. The date is suggested by a pencil note of Granville's secretary that he received it on 7 Feb. Cf. Granville to Odo Russell, 5 March, on a Franco-Russo-British understanding, G.D. 29/110.

^{page 377 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, 12 Feb., expressing readiness to do all he can on an unidentified subject, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 169, not printed.

^{page 377 note 2} On 14 Feb. Rylands moved that the French commercial treaty and all future treaties should be laid before Parliament before ratification. Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice answered him. But Gladstone spoke too, though Enfield wound up the debate ; see Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxiv. 448–90.

^{page 377 note 3} Introducing the proposals for the extension of university education in Ireland, 13 Feb., ibid., 378–426.

^{page 377 note 4} To Lyons, private, 7 p.m., 15 Feb., and No. 99 confidential, 15 Feb., F.O. 27/1974, reporting, for communication to Thiers, a conversation with Moret, the Spanish minister in London, G.D. 29/109. Granville had warned Moret, in answer to a question, that Britain would not be indifferent to a Spanish attempt to annex Portugal; see Granville to Layard, tel. 7.15 p.m., 18 Feb., No. 31, 19 Feb., F.O. 72/1334, to Murray, No. 15 confidential, 19 Feb., F.O. 179/196 ; cf. Temperley and Penson, Foundations, pp. 341–3, and Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 15 Feb., Add. MS. 44641, fo. 37 ; Granville to Lyons, 19 Feb., private, G.D. 29/109.

^{page 378 note 1} Gladstone's alteration was not adopted, but the phrase ‘ which obliged us ’, used in relation to the treaties of alliance with Portugal, was marked ‘ omit ’ by Granville in the copy of the private letter and was not used in the dispatch ; cf. also Ponsonby to Granville, 28 Feb., reporting the Queen's views, G.D. 29/35.

^{page 378 note 2} Loftus to Granville, private and secret, 5, 13 Feb., on the affaires de cœur of the Grandduchess Marie, G.D. 29/31.

^{page 378 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, 2 March, on Breadalbane for the lordship in waiting, and 6 March on Lord Lurgan's wish to resign his lordship in waiting, undated (i) on Prince of Wales's regret at his presence at a theatre where Gladstone was burlesqued, (ii) Mrs Grote's impression of Gladstone's speech, Add. MS. 44169, fos. 174–5, 177, 178, not printed.

^{page 378 note 4} The government was defeated in the Commons, 2 a.m., Wednesday, 12 March, on the Irish universities bill; see Gladstone to the Queen, 2.45 a.m., 12 March, Guedalla, i. 394–5. After two meetings of the cabinet Gladstone resigned, about 3 p.m. the next day. Parliament was told and adjourned until 17 March. The Queen then saw Disraeli, who declined to form a government. Ponsonby communicated this to Gladstone early the same evening. No. 825 sent parts of Disraeli's refusal and an exchange with the Queen on ambiguities in it and the ‘ long letter’ referred to in no. 826. This was drawn up late 14 March, but dated 15th after Gladstone had met Granville and Ponsonby on it. See mem., Cliveden, midnight, 16 March, outlining these events, Add. MS. 44761, fo. 100.

^{page 379 note 1} The Queen saw Gladstone, Saturday afternoon, 15 March, but Disraeli had not yet answered the communication of the ‘ long letter ’. He adhered to his refusal and Gladstone was re-called late the same day. Gladstone's statement to the Commons, 17 March, showed that Disraeli would not form a government, but his own resumption of office was not announced until 20 March. Cf. Guedalla, i. 394–408 ; Morley, ii. 446–56, 652–3 ; Monypenny, W. F. and Buckle, G. E., The Life of Benjamin Disraeli (1920), v. 207–18Google Scholar ; Add. MSS. 44641, fos. 63–73, 44761, fos. 102–11 ; Granville to Odo Russell, 19 March, G.D. 29/110, Knaplund, Letters from Berlin, pp. 95–6.

^{page 379 note 2} Gladstone's mem., 16 March, Add. MS. 44761, fo. 100 ; the Queen to Gladstone, 16 March, enclosing Disraeli's reply to the communication of Gladstone's ‘ long letter ’, printed Guedalla i. 402–6.

^{page 379 note 3} Untraced, but probably on his possible resignation of the lord-lieutenancy of Ireland. Cf. Spencer to Granville, 23 March, on his readiness to remain for the time being, G.D. 29/75. See below, nos. 868, 871–8, 882, 889, 900, 901, 903–6.

^{page 379 note 4} For cabinet, 5 April, at 11, Carlton House Terrace, see Add. MS. 44641, fo. 92.

^{page 380 note 1} 7 April, announcing that the building of the railway, for which a concession had been granted to Baron de Reuter, would mean ‘ Persia's ceasing to be an independent power ’, copy G.D. 29/62. No. 830 is marked by Granville : ‘ Put by ’. Cf. Hammond to Granville, 8 April, deprecating an alarmist opposition, G.D. 29/105.

^{page 380 note 2} Gladstone to Baxter, 7 April, reprimanding him for leaving London when the budget debates were due and Lowe needed his parliamentary help. Add. MS. 44438, fo. 160 Gladstone submitted the letter to Granville, who wished to strengthen it by a plain request for Baxter's resignation, ibid., fo. 162.

^{page 380 note 3} Cf. the Queen to Gladstone, 3 April, on the entertainment of the Shah of Persia during his proposed visit, Guedalla, i. 410.

^{page 380 note 4} Gladstone stated that the law had not been broken by an advertisement in the Westminster Gazette asking for subscriptions to the Carlists who had renewed their struggle on the proclamation of the Spanish republic, 16 Feb. Gladstone replied to a question from J. Stapleton ; Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxv. 633–4. Cf. Foreign Office mem. for Gladstone's reply and Moret to Gladstone, 28 April, Add. MS. 44438, fos. 224, 226.

^{page 381 note 1} See Granville to Hammond, 15 April, instructing him to send to Gladstone a précis of transactions on the support of one side or the other in a civil war, G.D. 29/105.

^{page 381 note 2} Coleridge to Granville, two letters, complaining of the publication in The Times of Lyndhurst's opinion, as a law officer of the crown, 1823, on British subscriptions to the Carlist cause, not traced. The correspondence and the minute and no. 833 were enclosed in Granville to Hammond, 15 April, for forwarding to Gladstone, G.D. 29/105 ; cf. mem. by Tenterden, 15 April, on the publication of law officers' reports, G.D. 29/106.

^{page 381 note 3} 9, 12, 14 April about Persia's political independence and the building of the railway from Teheran to the Caspian, G.D. 29/51. Rawlinson to Argyll, 13 April, in favour of the railway was enclosed. Beust had asked for British support in opposing it. See above, no. 830 note.

^{page 381 note 4} Stapleton moved for legislation to forbid the collection of money in Britain calculated to foment the Spanish civil war, on Thursday, 24 April, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxv. 896–9.

^{page 382 note 1} Frere to Granville, No. 25, 10 March, No. 26 confidential, 12 March, No. 27, 12 March,, all received 7 April, F.O. 84/1389. He reported after visiting the southern Zanzibar ports Mozambique and Madagascar. He recommended coercion to stop the slave trade of the southern ports by breaking off their trade with British Indian subjects. See also Granville's mem. for the cabinet, 29 April, G.D. 29/103. A cabinet committee was appointed on Zanzibar, Add. MS, 44641, fos. 101, 106. See also above, nos. 773, 781, 785, and below, no. 837 note.

^{page 382 note 2} Gladstone to Granville, 4 May, reporting the living of Whittlebury already filled. Add. MS. 44542, fo. 116 ; Wetherell to Gurdon, 8 May, on Granville's agreement to a ‘ careful answer ’ to the Spanish Minister's thanks, 28 April, for Gladstone's answer on the Carlist subscriptions, G.D. 29/62, not printed.

^{page 382 note 3} The cabinet on Zanzibar and parliamentary business was altered to 3.15, 14 May. It decided the form of slave trade treaty with the Sultan and Granville took a minute of the decision. Add. MS. 44641, fo. 110. For the treaty, 5 June, see Parl. papers. [C. 889] (1874). lxii, 917.

^{page 382 note 4} See Gladstone's note, 13 May, of proposed heads of discussion with the Queen, Add. MS. 44761, fo. 127.

^{page 383 note 1} An exchange between Granville and Gladstone during the cabinet, 17 May, on Gladstone's visit to the Empress Eugénie, 18 May, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 122, not printed.

^{page 383 note 2} Gladstone's letter was prompted by newspaper conjectures that the election of the next pope might take place in Malta. See Granville's min., 4 June, for the drafting of an instruction following Gladstone's first paragraph, but forbidding any initiative ; and Granville to Jervoise, No. 2, 6 June, F.O. 43/120.

^{page 383 note 3} Correspondence, 31 May–6 June, on the lord-lieutenancy of Essex, vacant by the death of Sir T. Western and filled by Fortescue's appointment, 26 July, G.D. 29/62 ; Gladstone to Granville, 7 June, reporting Russell's wish for the calling of his son to the Lords, and Granville's reply agreeing, Add. MS. 44169 fo. 190, not printed.

^{page 384 note 1} The problem of the continued labour traffic to the Fiji islands (above, no. 632) was partly met by the appointment of a new consul, E. L. Layard, with stronger instructions, to Layard, No. 7, 29 Sept., F.O. 58/135. At the same time Capt. Goodenough was associated with him in an enquiry preliminary to more effective measures and a decision on the islands' application for annexation. Colonial Office to Foreign Office, 31 July, F.O. 58/140. The cabinet decided to send Goodenough, 7 June, ‘ subject to a satisfactory discussion with him ’, Add. MS. 44641, fos. 124, 128. The islands were annexed, Sept. 1874. No. 842 is marked by Granville ‘ answd ’, but no answer has been traced.

^{page 384 note 2} On four possible courses : (i) to confer magisterial powers on the consul, (ii) to recognize the existing Fiji government, (iii) to proclaim a protectorate, (iv) to annex. Add. MS. 44225, fo. 45.

^{page 384 note 3} See decision on ‘ circular on local charges ’ in cabinet of 7 June, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 128 ; for cabinet minutes see above, no. 546 note.

^{page 384 note 4} The Shah of Persia's visit to Berlin ended on 7 June. Russell reported the difficulties created by the Persians' disregard of European manners. A minute by Granville on the dispatch noted Russell's wish that it be withheld from the Queen ; Russell to Granville, No. 306 secret, 7 June, F.O. 64/772.

^{page 385 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 13 June, on accommodation of members of Parliament at Portsmouth for the reception of the Shah and the bad state of the Zanzibar question; and 21 June, on the gift of a horse offered to him by Lord Marjoribanks, G.D. 29/62 ; and Granville to Gladstone, 22 June, replying, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 191, not printed.

^{page 385 note 2} Grosvenor to Gladstone on the channel tunnel scheme, untraced. Hervey wrote on the back of no. 845 : ‘ Ld. G. wishes to know the facts of this case ’.

^{page 385 note 3} Correspondence between Granville and the archbishop of Canterbury, 25 June, sent to Gladstone with a note from Granville that the Persian minister saw no objection to his broaching it. Add. MS. 44169, fo. 199.

^{page 385 note 4} Gladstone returned no. 847, having written on the back: ‘ It is I suppose the first rank of the Order. I am ill able to judge but see no cause to dissent. You may have to do the same for Japan & other countries. W.E.G. June 26 [1873]’. The Grand Vizier to the Shah of Persia was made G.C.S.I., 1 July.

^{page 386 note 1} Mem. by J. G. S[tavely] on the Grosvenor channel tunnel scheme, 23 June, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 195.

^{page 386 note 2} The decision to proceed with the Dover Harbour Bill was taken in the cabinet, 21 June, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 135. The bill was then being amended in committee in the Commons. The committee stage ended, 3 July, and the bill passed as amended, 8 July.

^{page 386 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, possibly 1 July, suggesting a baronetcy for Mr. Drewe, chairman of the N. Devon Liberal association, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 200, not printed.

^{page 386 note 4} Tait to Gladstone, 5 July, urging ‘ that the Court of Appeal shall in Ecclesiastical matters be advised by the presence of Ecclesiastics ’, Add. MS. 44331, fo. 105. It related to clause 18 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Bill. Gathorne Hardy warned Gladstone, midnight, 3–4 July, of his amendment to transfer ecclesiastical appeals to the new court. Gladstone consulted cabinet colleagues of the Commons, wrote to Tait, 4 July, and raised the matter in the cabinet, 5 July ; memoranda by Gladstone, Add. MSS. 44761, fo. 160 ; 44542, fo. 134 ; 44641, fo. 145. The amendment was accepted by the government.

^{page 386 note 6} Gladstone accepted, 8 July, the Lord Mayor's invitation to dinner on 30 July, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 136. On 26 July he excused himself on account of illness, ibid., fo. 141, and Selborne spoke for the government.

^{page 387 note 1} Cf. exchange between Granville and Gladstone with Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 5 July, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 147.

^{page 387 note 2} Relates to Cairns's speech calling the Lords' attention to amendments, in the Commons committee, to the Supreme Court of Judicature Bill, to transfer Irish and Scotch appeals to the new court. Cairns argued that the Commons infringed the judicial privilege of the Lords, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxvii. 10–24Google Scholar. Granville asked Gladstone's advice through Glyn ; see Glyn to Gladstone, 8 July, Add. MS. 44348, fo. 241. Selborne's advice to drop the amendment was followed, but the separate bill to deal with Scotch and Irish appeals was postponed.

^{page 387 note 3} Relates to the draft of the Queen's reply to the address of the Commons on the settlement of international disputes by arbitration, see Granville to the Queen, n July, G.D. 29/36.

^{page 387 note 4} Granville to Gladstone, 15 July, on the procedure for publishing the Queen's assent to the duke of Edinburgh's marriage, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 208, not printed.

^{page 387 note 5} For Parliament's financial provision for the duke and duchess of Edinburgh, see C.J.(1873). PP- 402, 407.

^{page 388 note 1} The Shah had agreed to end his European tour in Constantinople. Turkey suspended her regulations on the admission of Persian subjects for three months. Elliot telegraphed, 16 July, that the Shah was not satisfied, but the difficulty was overcome, F.O. 78/2269. Granville explained Turco-Persian relations in the cabinets of 21 and 28 June, Add. MS. 44641, fos. 135, 138.

^{page 388 note 2} Granville to Gladstone, 19 July, giving a train time, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 210, not printed.

^{page 388 note 3} The Queen to Granville, very private, 18 July, insisting on a visit from the Tsar and the grandduchess before the marriage, and objecting to her having a private Greek chapel, G.D. 29/36 ; see also letters of 19 and 20 July, ibid., and G.D. 29/31. The chapel was allowed in the Marriage Treaty, 22 Jan. 1874, Parl. papers. [C 901] (1874). lxxvi, 155.

^{page 389 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 22 July, and reply, on the Queen's enquiry about the grandduchess's dowry, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 213, not printed.

^{page 389 note 2} I.e. of the committee of public accounts. They revealed that the post office revenue and savings bank balances had been used for capital expenditure on the telegraph services without parliamentary sanction. For the debate see Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxvii, 1189–1232. The post office and Zanzibar contract scandals and Ayrton's unhandiness over the public parks caused ministerial changes. W. P. Adam replaced Ayrton at the Board of Works, Lowe moved to the Home Office, Baxter resigned the joint secretaryship of the Treasury, and Ripon and Childers resigned for personal reasons ; all announced, 7 Aug. Monsell resigned the post office, Nov.

^{page 389 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, on the Zanzibar contract written in the cabinet, 25 July, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 174 ; Gladstone to Granville, 26 July, asking him to note the decisions of the cabinet of that day under named headings, ibid., fos. 177–86 ; Granville to Gladstone, 6 Aug., enclosing a promise to Monsell of a peerage after his retirement, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 217, not printed.

^{page 389 note 4} No. 858 was marked by Gladstone : ‘ Accepted by me Aug. 6, 11½ P.M.’

^{page 389 note 5} The Queen to Granville, 6 Aug., protesting at the ministerial changes, 6 Aug., reply 7 Aug., G.D. 29/31. Cf. the Queen to Gladstone, 5 Aug., objecting to the appointment of Ayrton as judge-advocate-general, Add. MS. 44761, fo. 170. Gladstone wrote at the end of no. 859 : ‘ Excellent I think. The letter to me was similar, I send copy of reply for perusal. W.E.G. Au. 7.’ Cf. Guedalla, i. 420–6.

^{page 390 note 1} Ayrton to Gladstone, 8 Aug., accepting the office of judge-advocate-general “ revived in its old form ”, Add. MS. 44439, fo. 281. Sir R. Phillimore, admiralty judge, had held the office since Davison's death in May 1871, pending a re-arrangement of its duties. Ripon was replaced by Bruce, made Lord Aberdare, as lord president.

^{page 390 note 2} From Osborne, where he had gone to carry through his.change of office.

^{page 390 note 3} As joint secretary to the Treasury vice Baxter.

^{page 390 note 4} For considerations bearing on the question whether Gladstone's acceptance of the additional office of chancellor of the exchequer obliged him to seek re-election, see Morley, ii. 466–72.

^{page 391 note 1} Yelverton on the Swiftsure, protecting British lives and property in the Spanish ports, acted with Kommodore Werner of the Frederic Karl and seized two Spanish ironclads, which had gone over to the rebels of Cartagena. For conversation with Munster in which Granville prescribed the surrender of the ships to the Madrid government, see Granville to Adams, No. 41, 11 Aug., F.O. 72/1392. For discussion in the cabinets of 30 July, 2, 6 Aug., see Add. MS. 44641, fos. 187, 189, 191.

^{page 391 note 2} Nos. 280, 281, 2 Aug., 283, 284, 4 Aug., all received 10 Aug. Nos. 280, 281, 284 bear Gladstone's additions to the statements of subject on the dockets, F.O. 45/219. Granville issued a circular dispatch to all representatives abroad on the importance of a clear docket about the content of a dispatch, see Granville to Thornton, No. 245, 22 Aug., F.O. 5/1429.

^{page 392 note 1} Appointed solicitor-general, 26 Sept., vice Jessel who had become master of the rolls. For other changes see above, p. 389, note 2.

^{page 392 note 2} See Jessel's opinion, 15 Aug., on Gladstone's seeking re-election at Greenwich, Add. MS. 44439, fo. 300.

^{page 392 note 3} Cavendish was appointed a financial or extra lord of the Treasury since the offices of first lord and second lord (chancellor of the exchequer) were about to be held together by Gladstone. He vacated his seat and stood for re-election in the North-west Riding. The Conservatives announced they would not contest the election, 13 Aug. Cf. above, no. 5 note.

^{page 393 note 1} Gladstone to Lowe, 13 Aug., a highly personal analysis of Lowe's character, his intellectual impatience, and his selectivity in work. Add. MS. 44302, fo. 144. See below, nos. 866, 880, 882.

^{page 393 note 2} See above, no. 862 note. Yelverton failed to execute the orders sent to him, u Aug., to surrender the Spanish ships ; see below, no. 891.

^{page 393 note 3} See Monsell to Granville, and enclosure for Gladstone, 11 Aug., asking that the peerage promised to him should be conferred at once so as to precede his resignation of the post office, G.D. 29/74 ; Gladstone to Granville, tel. 15 Aug., G.D. 29/62.

^{page 393 note 4} See Gladstone to Hartington, 12 Aug., assuming that Spencer would retire from the lordlieutenancy of Ireland in Dec, and that Hartington would not then stay as chief secretary, and asking whether he would return to the post office in Oct., Add. MS. 44542, fo. 149 ; Hartington to Gladstone, 14 Aug., putting his office at Gladstone's disposal but refusing the post office. Add. MS. 44144, fo. 110 ; Gladstone to Hartington, 15 Aug., arguing in detail against his total retirement, ibid., fo. 112. Cf. B. Holland, The Life of Spencer Compton, Eighth Duke of Devonshire (1911), i. 123–6.

^{page 394 note 1} See Granville to Selborne, 14 Aug., and Selborne to Granville, 15 Aug., agreeing that it was a mistake to have seized the Spanish ships (see above, nos. 862, 865), and urging joint action with France as well as Germany, G.D. 29/67 ; France did not co-operate, Macdonell to Granville, No. 120 confidential, 1 Sept., F.O. 72/1393 ; but the instructions to surrender the ships were strengthened, 20 Aug., F.O. 72/1392. See also Gladstone to Granville, tel. 17 Aug., agreeing with Granville “on all points”, G.D. 29/62.

^{page 394 note 2} (i) Granville to Gladstone, tel. 10.8 a.m., 17 Aug. : “ The brother [Hartington] of Freddy and Eddy [Cavendish] has telegraphed his visit here today. Barbarossa of the great library in the Midland Counties [Spencer] has written to me for advice as to his final letter to you. What are your wishes ”. Gladstone replied, tel. 2.20 p.m., 17 Aug. : “What most strikes me is that under present circumstances it would be a very great mistake for himself [Hartington]. I told him I had directed my reply to be sent to you. Pray see it. You probably know Wolverton's opinion.” (ii) Granville to Gladstone, tel. 5.40 p.m., 17 Aug. : “ I have no doubt about my visitor [Hartington]. It was about his nominal chief [Spencer] I desired to know whether you wish that he should adhere to his proposal [to resign] or withdraw it.” Gladstone replied, tel. 9.5 a.m., 18 Aug., referring Granville to no. 868 ; all in G.D. 29/62. See also Spencer to Granville, 15 Aug., asking his advice how to proceed after mentioning resignation to Gladstone in June, G.D. 29/75.

^{page 395 note 1} The cabinet met 3 and 4 Oct. and 10 Nov., Add. MS. 44641, fos. 193–209 ; see below, nos. 890, 904, 906.

^{page 395 note 2} See above, no. 866, and Granville to Monsell, two notes, 17 Aug., G.D. 29/77.

^{page 395 note 3} Wolverton to Granville, 17 Aug., G.D. 29/73; cf. Wolverton to Gladstone, 22 Aug., Add. MS. 44348, fo. 267. Glyn had succeeded his father as Lord Wolverton, 24 July.

^{page 395 note 4} See above, no. 868 note.

^{page 397 note 1} Spencer to Granville, 15 Aug., G.D. 29/75 ; see above, no. 868 note.

^{page 397 note 2} Acknowledging Gladstone's letter, no. 868, G.D. 29/62.

^{page 397 note 3} Gladstone to Hartington, 19 Aug., two letters, the second more cordial, agreeing to his delaying his decision, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 158 ; see above, no. 871.

^{page 398 note 1} Spencer to Granville, 17 Aug., on his having now settled to resign, G.D. 29/75 ; Bessborough to Granville, 16 Aug., regretting Spencer's supposed resignation, disapproving of Cowper as successor and suggesting Lome or Lansdowne, G.D. 29/71 ; Granville to Spencer, draft and copy, 18 Aug., on his talks with Hartington and Spencer's mistake in thinking Gladstone had accepted their resignations “ with alacrity ”, G.D. 29/77.

^{page 399 note 1} Bright to Granville, 17 Aug., on Granville's suggestion of his return to office, the burdens of office and the difficulties caused by the Conservative majority in the Lords, G.D. 29/52.

^{page 400 note 1} Spencer to Granville, 19 Aug., is missing, but cf. his letters of 21 and 22 Aug., agreeing to postpone any final decision till Oct., G.D. 29/75.

^{page 400 note 2} There is no copy of Granville to Spencer, 21 Aug., in G.D. 29/77.

^{page 400 note 3} Cf. Granville to Hartington, 19 Aug., Holland, op. cit.,127. There is no copy in G.D. 29/54, but cf. also Hartington to Granville, 31 Aug., on his readiness to wait as long as necessary, ibid.

^{page 400 note 4} See Granville to Gladstone, tel. 21 Aug., asking Gladstone to do this, G.D. 29/62. Prince Arthur and his aide de camp had been caught by a current while bathing off Trouville, 20 Aug.

^{page 401 note 1} Gladstone to Monsell, 21 Aug., noted but not copied, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 160.

^{page 401 note 2} Untraced, but see Gladstone to Granville Vernon, 23 Aug., replying on his published address to the Hawarden people on the provision of local infant schools. Add. MS. 44542, fo. 162.

^{page 402 note 1} Ebury's letter untraced, but see Gladstone to Ebury, 23 Aug., replying, on an evangelical alliance and the encouragement of religious liberty abroad, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 162.

^{page 402 note 2} Cowper to Gladstone, 23 Aug., resigning the captaincy of the Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, not traced. No. 884 was docketed : ‘ under sec. ship of the Board of Trade ’, by mistake, which caused Gladstone to write as in no. 886. He had charge of Board of Trade business in the Lords.

^{page 402 note 3} There is no copy of Granville's letter to Lowe in G.D. 29/66 ; for Gladstone's see above, no. 865 note.

^{page 402 note 4} For French policy on judicial reforms in Egypt, 1867–77, see F.O. 78/2742–52. For British policy on the Spanish ironclads and the French refusal to co-operate see Granville to Lyons, No. 402, 20 Aug., F.O. 72/1392 ; Granville to Lyons, private, 23 Aug., G.D. 29/109.

^{page 402 note 5} See above, nos. 627, 629, 631, 632.

^{page 403 note 1} Gladstone to Morley, 15 Sept., offering him the captaincy of the Corps of Gentlemen at Arms vice Cowper, Add. MS. 44440, fo. 66. Morley refused, Clarendon also, 5 Dec, and Ilchester took office, Jan. 1874, Add. MS. 44441, fos. 175, 182, 245 ; see below, nos. 937, 940, 943, 945.

^{page 403 note 2} Bright to Gladstone, 25 Aug., refusing to rejoin the government if that should lead his Birmingham constituents to expect concessions on the Education Act such as Gladstone was resolved against, Add. MS. 44113, fo. 64; Gladstone's reply, 27 Aug., ibid., fo. 68. Bright returned as chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, Oct., below, no. 905.

^{page 404 note 1} Gladstone to Cowper, 28 Aug., asking him to delay announcing his resignation until Oct., and hoping that he would be more active in the Lords, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 167 ; see above, nos. 882, 884.

^{page 404 note 2} Relates to the arrangements for the duke of Edinburgh's marriage. Cf. the Queen to Granville, 28 July, tel. 31 July, 4, 30 Aug., G.D. 29/36. See above, no. 856.

^{page 404 note 3} Cf. Gladstone to Cardwell, 29 Aug., on the Queen's pressure for the appointment of Lord Grey and Sir G. Grey to the commission, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 167.

^{page 404 note 4} Biddulph to Gladstone, 28 Aug., proposing Duleep Singh for an English peerage ; see below, nos. 892, 903 note, 907, 972, 974. 975.

^{page 404 note 5} The Queen to Granville, 27 Aug., G.D. 29/31.

^{page 405 note 1} Spencer to Granville, 29 Aug., on his hope of leaving Ireland by the end of the year, G.D. 29/75.

^{page 405 note 2} Granville to Gladstone, 31 Aug., congratulating on Agnes Gladstone's engagement, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 253, and reply, 3 Sept., G.D. 29/62, not printed ; Gladstone to Granville, 31 Aug., on the proposal to make Coleridge P.C., Add. MS. 44542, fo. 169, and reply, 3 Sept., agreeing, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 257, not printed.

^{page 405 note 3} See Kimberley to Gladstone, 1 Sept., on Wolseley's instructions, Add. MS. 44225, fo. 87. His mission arose from the Ashantee attack on the Gold Coast. The cabinet was to decide on his report whether to send reinforcements. This was expected mid-Nov. if he left England by 11 Sept. The cabinet met and agreed on the aims of operations against the Ashantees, 3, 4 Oct. ; considered Wolseley's report and agreed to send white troops, 17 Nov. ; approved instructions on policy and peace terms, 21 Nov., Add. MS. 44641, fos. 192–7, 204–6, 218–28. See above, no. 869.

^{page 406 note 1} For Yelverton's instructions to surrender the ironclads see above, no. 865. He had sent the ships to Gibraltar, 3 Sept., and evaded both the Cartagena rebels and the Spanish admiral from Madrid ; see Admiralty to Foreign Office, 1 Sept., and mem. by Hammond, F.O. 72/1393.

^{page 406 note 2} Macdonell to Granville, tel. 5 Sept., received 6 Sept., reporting the request of the Austrian chargé d'affaires for the protection of the British navy for Austrian and Swedish subjects in Bilbao, F.O. 72/1342.

^{page 407 note 1} Goschen to Granville, private, 1 Sept., F.O. 72/1393, and Thursday evening [4 Sept.] : ‘ Yelverton … has got out of the imbroglio … with great credit and éclat … It is really refreshing to find a man who does not shrink from taking upon himself tremendous responsibilities ’, G.D. 29/54. Granville's reply, untraced.

^{page 408 note 1} Lowe spoke at the Cutlers' feast, 4 Sept., boldly defending the government, The Times, 5 Sept., p. 3. The remainder of no. 894 is part of the letter in Gladstone's copy, Add. MS. 44452, fo. 175 ; but is an undated document, marked by Hervey as received for filing, 25 Sept., in G.D. 29/62 separated from the rest of the letter in G.D. 29/29A.

^{page 408 note 2} See above, no. 892 ; and Gladstone to Hammond, tel. 9 Sept. : ‘ Why not answer we are not prepared to enter into any engagement, but civil and naval functionaries will undertake irrespective of nationality to fulfil any duties of humanity which their more immediate & direct obligations may allow them to undertake also adding explanations ', Add. MS. 44183, fo. 500.

^{page 408 note 3} See Gladstone to Hammond, tel., that the Spanish seizure of the Deerhound,18 Aug., ‘ would be warrant for holding our hand ’ in surrendering the ironclads, ibid., fo. 499. See also Hammond to Gladstone, 9 Sept., ibid., fo. 501, and to Granville, tel. 3.30 p.m., 12 Sept., reporting his communications with Gladstone, F.O. 72/1393. The Deerhound, an English ship, was alleged to be carrying arms for the Carlists.

^{page 408 note 4} Granville to Macdonell, tel. sent 11 a.m., 11 Sept., instructing him not to discuss the surrender of the ironclads until the Deerhound was restored and her crew released, and hoping that Spain by delay would not ‘ destroy all appearance of spontaneity ’, F.O. 72/1430. Cf. Granville to Goschen, 10 Sept., G.D. 29/54.

^{page 409 note 1} Done, F.O. 72/1393. For surrender of the Deerhound,20 Sept., see Macdonellto Granville, tel. 20 Sept., F.O. 72/1342. Assurances of indemnification if British property suffered at Cartagena were then asked from Spain and the surrender of the ironclads promised in return, to Macdonell, tel. 24 Sept., F.O. 72/1393. For the surrender of the ships, 26 Sept., Admiralty to Foreign Office, 26 Sept., ibid. See below, no. 899.

^{page 409 note 2} Forster to Gladstone, 17 Sept., answering Gladstone's note, 15 Sept. : he was ‘ quite right in supposing that I do not wish to go to Ireland ’, Add. MS. 44157, fo. 84.

^{page 410 note 1} See Gladstone to Granville, tel. 19 Sept. : ‘ Please delay fixing Council or doing anything about the honour for H[ammond] which we discussed also consider vacant Lord Lieutenancy ’, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 267. Hammond's retirement at the end of Sept. occasioned the offer of a peerage, conferred Feb. 1874. Cf. above, p. 261, note 3 ; see below, nos. 905, 972. a Wolverton to Gladstone, 17 Sept., doubting the popularity of the proposed peerages : Howard, Moncreiff, Monsell, James, Erie and Milbank; suggesting the transfer of W. H. Gladstone from the Treasury to the Board of Trade, Add. MS. 44348, fo. 275. The first three were made peers, Jan. 1874, but Coleridge represented the legal profession instead of James or Erie. For Monsell's peerage, see above, nos. 866, 870, 875, 879, below, no. 911.

^{page 410 note 3} Gladstone to C. Howard, 19 Sept., proposing a peerage for his brother, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 183. Admiral Howard became Lord Lanerton.

^{page 410 note 4} Gladstone to Cardwell, 19 Sept., Add. MS. 44542, fo. 182.

^{page 410 note 5} See above, nos. 896, 897 ; see also Macdonell to Granville, tel. 17 Sept., received 18 Sept., reporting Spain's evasion of her undertaking to surrender the Deerhound, F.O. 72/1342. This prompted Gladstone to Hammond, tels. 16, 18 Sept., demanding an apology for the misuse of the British flag by the Spanish vessel capturing her and urging that Macdonell should refuse everything till she was released. Add. MS. 44183, fos. 506–8 ; Gladstone to Hammond, 20 Sept., F.O. 72/1393.

^{page 411 note 1} See above, no. 899, note 1 ; Gladstone to Granville, tel. 9.0 a.m., 22 Sept., replying ‘ no ’ since he had meant the lord-lieutenancy of Cambridgeshire not Ireland and adding that he was puzzled about the British title to interfere in Morocco, G.D. 29/62.

^{page 411 note 2} Granville to Hartington, 22 Sept., untraced. It induced Hartington to agree to remain in office if Spencer did so, to Granville, 24 Sept., G.D. 29/22A.

^{page 411 note 3} Spencer to Gladstone, 20 Sept., blaming himself for Gladstone's thinking him resolved to resign and offering either to remain, especially if Hartington did so, or to go, Add. MS. 44307, fo. 171. See below, no. 904.

^{page 411 note 4} At the Council held at Balmoral, 30 Sept., Goschen's proposal for increasing the number of lieutenants retiring from the service under the Order in Council, 4 Aug., was approved, London Gazette,10 Oct.

^{page 412 note 1} See above, no. 900 note. On the death of the Sultan, n Sept., Hay summoned a warship from Gibraltar and issued a strong warning on the protection of British lives and property in case of disorders, to Granville, tel. and No. 54,18 Sept., F.O. 99/155. Gladstone related his proceedings to earlier instructions on Jewish persecutions, to Hay, No. 23, 26 Aug., F.O. 99/153.

^{page 412 note 2} Dr. E. C. Lowe accepted the canonry of Ely, 2 Oct., Add. MS. 44440, fo. 140; F. J. McDougall, that of Winchester, 27 Sept.. ibid., fo. 115.

^{page 412 note 3} See above, no. 900 note.

^{page 412 note 4} Spencer to Granville, 21 Sept., G.D. 29/75.

^{page 412 note 5} See above, nos. 887, 891, 892. It was rumoured that Duleep Singh intended to stand for Whitby in opposition to W. H. Gladstone at the next election. He published a denial; Gladstone to Biddulph, 29 Aug., and to. Ponsonby, 7 Sept., Add. MS. 44542, fos. 168, 174. The honour was postponed, Gladstone's mem. of points agreed on with Granville, 3 Oct., Add. MS. 44641, fo. 199 ; below, nos. 972, 974, 975.

^{page 412 note 6} The cabinet was summoned, 26 Sept., for 3 Oct. ; see above, no. 890. See also Gladstone to Goschen and Cardwell, 23 Sept., refusing further preparations for an expedition against the Ashantees without the cabinet. Add. MS. 44542, fo. 185 ; Gurdon to Granville, tel. 25 Sept., G.D. 29/62.

^{page 413 note 1} Not traced.

^{page 413 note 2} See above, no. 901 ; Gladstone to Spencer, 21 Sept., on his ‘ remaining over the winter ’, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 184 ; Spencer to Gladstone, 26 Sept., written in Hartington's presence, agreeing to remain and closing the incident, Add. MS. 44307, fo. 174. Cf. Spencer to Granville, 26 Sept., G.D. 29/75.

^{page 413 note 3} See Gladstone to Granville, tel. 23 Sept., that he had asked Bright to tell Granville whether he could take office as chancellor of the duchy on ‘ Monday or Tuesday ’, G.D. 29/62. Bright took office at the Council at Balmoral, 30 Sept., London Gazette,3 Oct.

^{page 413 note 4} Relates to a ship seized by the naval commander off Cape Coast on suspicion of landing supplies for the Ashantees, see Colonial Office to Foreign Office, 19 Sept. ; and minute by Hammond that the matter was ‘ unintelligible ’ and by Granville that he had seen the Admiralty dispatches and ordered a reference to the law officers, F.O. 84/1382.

^{page 413 note 5} E. W. Barnett, the Conservative candidate, defeated J. S. Forbes by 326 votes in the Dover by-election, 22 Sept., caused by Jessel's vacating his seat when he became master of the rolls.

^{page 413 note 6} For Wolverton's letter see above, no. 899. Granville to Hammond and reply have not been traced.

^{page 414 note 1} The autumn cabinets met 10, 12, 17, 21, 28 Nov., 1 Dec, Add. MS. 44641, fos. 209–40.

^{page 414 note 2} 25 Sept., on the impolicy of ennobling ‘ the largest game preserver in Norfolk’ at that moment, with note by Gladstone, 27 Sept., that he referred to Duleep Singh, G.D. 29/62. See above, nos. 887, 891, 892, 903.

^{page 414 note 3} See above, nos. 882, 884, 886.

^{page 415 note 1} Gladstone agreed with Granville, 3 Oct., to offer the lord-lieutenancy of Cambridgeshire to the duke of Bedford, and then to Lord Dacre, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 199. On their refusal it was offered to the Speaker, M.P. for the county, 20 Oct., Add. MS. 44542, fo. 201 ; on his refusal to C. W. Townley, 9 Dec, who accepted. Add. MS. 44543, fo. 23 ; see below, no. 940.

^{page 415 note 2} Ponsonby to Gladstone, 8, 14 Oct., on the possibility of peculation in regard to the Grandduchess Marie's fortune and the Queen's wish for preventive measures, G.D. 29/62.

^{page 415 note 3} The Turkish pasha at Jedda claimed authority over the tribes behind Aden. Granville had instructed Elliot to remonstrate, 30 Jan., 11 March, 15 May. When the government of India urged the establishment of a British protectorate over the tribes, Granville minuted that the Porte would be told of the proposal but given a further chance to abide by its assurances, F.O. 78/2753. A copy of no. 910 below follows Granville's minute.

^{page 415 note 4} See Disraeli to Lord Grey de Wilton, on the Bath electors' leading public opinion in ending the government's career of ‘ plundering and blundering’, The Times,8 Oct., p. 3. On its part in causing the defeat of the Conservative, W. Forsyth, by Capt. A. D. Hayter in the Bath byelection, see Gladstone to Hayter, 11 Oct., Add. MS. 44542, fo. 195.

^{page 415 note 5} See Gladstone to Whitbread, 10 Oct., offering the postmaster-generalship which Monsell was about to resign, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 193 ; Whitbread's refusal, 13 Oct., Add. MS. 44440, fo. 193 ; see above, p. 393, note 3, and below, p. 416, note 2.

^{page 416 note 1} A copy of no. 911 without the postscript is also in G.D. 29/62, but dated by the copyist, 13 Oct. The original was sent to Monsell; see Hervey's docket on Granville's copy. See also Monsell to Granville, 15 Oct., asking when the arrangements for his resignation and peerage would be executed, answered by no. 911 ; 26 Oct., on his readiness to remain until his successor's appointment, G.D. 29/74.

^{page 416 note 2} Baxter refused the postmaster-generalship since he was leaving for Italy, Add. MS. 44440, fo. 285 ; see also below, nos. 913, 914, 916, 917. Wolverton to Gladstone, 16 (two letters), 18 Oct., answering Gladstone's request for his opinion on Baxter's appointment, giving reasons for his objections, and excusing himself for having raised them. Add. MS. 44348, fos. 300–7. Playfair was appointed, 18 Nov.

^{page 417 note 1} The London Bank of Tunis began operations, 5 Sept., on a concession of 19 May, Wood to Granville, No. 12, 31 May, F.O. 102/122. It became a diplomatic issue between Britain and France, who tried to stop the enterprise. The documents sent to Gladstone were : Lytton to Granville, No. 199, 10 Oct., reporting representations to de Broglie ; private, 14, 15 Oct., on the probable French reply ; Granville to Tenterden, 17 Oct., commenting on de Broglie's insinuation that Wood was financially interested and on the third point of the concession stipulating ‘ preference ’ for the English bank and ordering the delaying tel. to Wood ; see note by Gladstone on the last, ibid.

^{page 417 note 2} See above, no. 808. The Emperor granted an audience to the foreign representatives when he received the Japanese embassy, 29 June ; see Wade to Granville, No. 175, 20 Aug., received 17 Oct., F.O. 17/655 ; decipher misdated 12 June, received 9 July, F.O. 17/654.

^{page 418 note 1} See Gladstone to Granville, draft tel. 20 Oct: ‘ I wrote to you on Saturday about choice of men. I shd like best one who wrote to me thrice from Walmer about Mrs Grote [F. Leveson-Gower]. Wd you and he consent’, Add. MS. 44169, fo. 273.

^{page 418 note 2} Gladstone replied to no. 913, tel. 9 a.m., 21 Oct., objecting to Hugessen, holding to Leveson-Gower as the best candidate with Baxter next, but asking Granville to consult Wolverton. Granville telegraphed that he had written to Wolverton ; both tels. in G.D. 29/62.

^{page 418 note 3} See Gladstone to Selborne, 11 Oct., enquiring whether Selborne knew of Erie's recovery when he advised on the proposed legal peerage, Add. MS. 44542, fo. 195 ; Selborne to Gladstone, 19 Oct., approving the choice of Erie, Add. MS. 44296, fo. 325 ; but see above, no. 899 note.

^{page 418 note 4} See Granville to Schenck, draft by Granville 15 Oct., final draft 25 Oct., F.O. 5/1570; Schenck on 14 Oct. had revived the matter of presenting the three rules of article vi of the Treaty of Washington for the acceptance of the maritime powers. The draft was not altered by Gladstone's memorandum, which had no practical bearing since negotiations on the form of covering note were not reopened, see Granville to Thornton, 18 Feb. 1874, recounting the whole subject, ibid., see above, nos. 534, 536.

^{page 419 note 1} Amended in pencil by Granville : ‘ recent statements of the view now entertained in the United States ’. Cf. Selborne to Granville, 25 Oct., G.D. 29/67.

^{page 420 note 1} See above, no. 908, and below, no. 918.

^{page 420 note 2} Wolverton to Gladstone, 22 Oct., agreeing with Granville, who had sent him Gladstone's offer of the Post Office to Leveson-Gower, that the appointment would cause trouble, suggesting Hugessen and proposing the under-secretaryship of the Board of Trade for Leveson-Gower, Add. MS. 44348, fo. 308.

^{page 420 note 3} Gladstone to Wolverton, 24 Oct., adding that he would write to Baxter, Add. MS. 44543, fo. 3 ; cf. Gladstone to Baxter, 27 Oct., ibid., fo. 5, and above, no. 911 note, below, nos. 919, 921.

^{page 420 note 4} See above, no. 913 note.

^{page 421 note 1} Only one letter traced, no. 915 above, but see exchange between Godley, Wetherell and Nicolson, 25 Oct., on the reasons for its delay, G.D. 29/62. Nicolson thought that it was due to Granville's habit of holding back letters after sealing them for post.

^{page 421 note 2} For cabinet of 10 Nov., see Add. MS. 44641, fo. 209, and above, no. 890 note.

^{page 421 note 3} Hopes for agreement on the restoration of the legitimist line, represented by the Comte de Chambord, revived when he did not deny the ‘ concessions ’ which Chesnelong in Sept. reported him ready to make. His letter to Chesnelong, 23 Oct., destroyed the fusionist cause, for it insisted on unconditional return. Chesnelong sought its modification before publishing it. After a week's tension, it was published, dated 27 Oct., unchanged, 31 Oct ; see The Times,27 Oct., p. 9, 31 Oct., p. 5 ; cf. Lyons to Granville, No. 887, 24 Oct., No. 902, 31 Oct., F.O. 27/1994.

^{page 422 note 1} Gladstone to Forster, 30 Oct., commenting on Forster's letter to Bright (taking up points in the latter's speech at Birmingham on the Education Act of 1870), which Forster had sent him, Add, MS. 44543, fo. 7.

^{page 423 note 1} Cf. Granville to Gladstone, draft tel. 29 Oct., proposing Mauleigh [disguise for Morley] for the post office, G.D. 29/62 ; Gladstone to Wolverton, 1 Nov., proposing Lefevre, Add. MS. 44543, fo. 8.

^{page 423 note 2} See Engagement of the Jemadar of Shur for Abolition of Slave Trade in his Dominions, iy Nov. 1873. Parl. papers. [C. 985] (1874). lxii, 931 ; Convention between Her Majesty and the French Republic supplementary to the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation of 23rd July 1873, signed at Versailles, 24 January 1874. Parl. papers. [C. 888] (1874). lxxvi, 115.

^{page 423 note 3} See above, no. 911 note.

^{page 423 note 4} See Granville to Gladstone, draft tel. 1 Nov., reporting that Granville and his brother had agreed with the ‘ Lord of the station’ [Wolverton] against Leveson-Gower's accepting the post office, G.D. 29/62.

^{page 423 note 5} Gladstone to Wolverton, 1 Nov., on the difficulties of the post office appointment, Add. MS. 44348, fo. 313.

^{page 424 note 1} See above, no. 923 note.

^{page 424 note 2} Paget to Granville, No. 318, 23 Oct., F.O. 45/220. The article praised the work of the Irish Catholic clergy for the ‘ autonomy of Ireland ’. Granville did nothing through Paget, but Jervoise communicated the public statements of Irish clergy in favour of home rule to Antonelli and was assured of his condemnation of the movement; see Jervoise to Granville, tel. 28 Nov., private letters, 17, 20, 31 Dec, G.D. 29/84 ; see also above, no. 792, below, nos. 927, 961.

^{page 424 note 3} Coleridge became lord chief justice of common pleas ; James attorney-general; Harcourt solicitor-general (20 Nov.). The cabinet, 10 Nov., agreed to end the prescriptive right of the attorney- and solicitor-general to succeed to certain judgeships, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 209. Cf. Gladstone to James, 11 Nov., Add. MS. 44441, fo. 38 ; to Harcourt, 12 Nov., Add. MS. 44543, 10. 12.

^{page 425 note 1} Layard to Granville, No. 462 confidential, 14 Oct., describing an improvement in the political situation since July when he went on leave, F.C). 72/1342.

^{page 425 note 2} Dufferin to Granville, on the nomination of Catholic bishops in Canada, has not been traced. It was sent to Jervoise, who was on leave in England. He later urged on Antonelli the arrangements it recommended ; see Jervoise to Granville, private, 2 Dec, G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 425 note 3} See above, no. 912 note.

^{page 426 note 1} Ponsonby to Granville, 13 Nov., G.D. 29/36.

^{page 426 note 2} Granville to Selborne and reply are missing from G.D. 29/67. The subject was also raised in the cabinet, 21 Nov., Add. MS. 44641, fo. 222. No. 930 was written on the back of no. 929. 8 On 29 Nov. the Queen telegraphed a protest against the fixing of a meeting of the Privy Council on Wednesday, 3 Dec, to Sir A. Helps. She had already appointed that afternoon for audiences of the French ambassador and Saxon minister ; see Ponsonby to Granville, 24 and 30 Nov., G.D. 29/36.

^{page 427 note 1} An undated exchange between Gladstone and Granville on Bright's health ending : ‘ I talked over some knotty things with him which I should like much to report to you after Cabinet if it breaks up early. W.E.G.’, received by Hervey 15 Dec, but possibly belonging to the cabinet of 1 Dec, G.D. 29/62 ; and a further exchange during that cabinet, Add. MS. 44641, fos. 237–40, not printed.

^{page 427 note 2} The Khedive sought British recognition of his claims to sovereignty, under Turkey, on the Red Sea coast. France also claimed parts of the coast. Elliot to Granville, No. 404, 13 Nov., received 24 Nov., answered Granville's request for an opinion on these two topics ; see Vivian to Granville, No. 45, 22 Sept. ; Granville to Elliot, No. 230, 23 Oct. ; mem. by Hertslet, 21 Jan. 1874, F.O. 78/3187.

^{page 427 note 3} Argyll to Granville, 2 Dec, enclosing tel. from the Resident at Aden wishing to restrain Turkish advances by force, G.D. 29/51 ; cf. second letter, 2 Dec, on his wish to instruct the Resident to use troops, G.D. 29/25A ; Granville to Argyll, 2 Dec, that representations would be renewed at Constantinople, G.D. 29/22A ; see also above, nos. 909, 910.

^{page 427 note 4} No. 936 marked : ‘ Answd in the negative G[ranville] ’ ; see below, no. 937.

^{page 427 note 5} Untraced, but see ‘ extender ’, Elliot to Granville, No. 449, 8 Dec, recounting Ignatyev's attempt to convince the Austrian representative that Elliot was responsible for the Turkish mem. on the Bosnian question to which he objected, F.O. 78/2273.

^{page 428 note 1} Cf. Granville to the Queen, tel. 3 Dec, reporting a French enquiry whether she would accept the due de la Rochfoucaud de Bisaccia as French ambassador and supposing that she could not object, G.D. 29/36.

^{page 428 note 2} Relates to the question of the union of the South Kensington and British Museums and the transference of the Raphael cartoons from Hampton Court to the former.

^{page 428 note 3} 5 Dec, refusing the captaincy of the Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, Add. MS. 44441, fo. 175 ; offered, 1 Dec, Add. MS. 44543, fo. 20 ; see above, nos. 882, 884, below, 943, 945.

^{page 428 note 4} There is no private letter from Granville to Lyons on this subject in G.D. 29/109.

^{page 429 note 1} See India Office to Foreign Office, 29 Nov., refusing to support Victor de Lesseps's expedition to investigate the possibility of connecting the Indian and the Russian Asiatic railways, F.O. 65/879. See also Argyll to Granville, 26 Nov., on the inaccessibility of India as her best defence, G.D. 29/25A ; Foreign Office to India Office, 13 Dec, enclosing Granville's proposed letter to Lesseps with a draft introduction to the Viceroy, F.O. 65/879. The latter has Gladstone's pencilled amendment offering ‘ normal offices of courtesy or goodwill’ ; see also Granville's note of explanation for Argyll on the draft ; Argyll to Gladstone, 22 Dec, sent on to Granville, 24 Dec, G.D. 29/62.

^{page 430 note 1} See above, no. 937.

^{page 430 note 2} Enclosed in Foreign Office to India Office, 20 Dec, but is not with it in F.O. 65/879 ; printed draft, 20 Dec, and a printed copy of the final dispatch, to Loftus, No. 23, 7 Jan., F.O. 65/901. It drew Russia's attention to Afghanistan's fears that the coming expedition to Merv would violate her territory and the agreement of Dec. 1872/Jan. 1873 ; a copy of Gladstone's substituted passage. Add. MS. 44543, fo. 26.

^{page 430 note 3} Cowper to Gladstone, 6 Dec, asking when his resignation of the captaincy of the Corps of Gentlemen at Arms might take effect, Add. MS. 44441, fo. 182 ; see above, nos. 882, 884, 937.

^{page 430 note 4} Gladstone to C. W. Townley, 9 Dec, offering the lord-lieutenancy of Cambridgeshire, Add. MS. 44543, fo. 23, and above, p. 415, note 1.

^{page 430 note 5} A note by Granville, 17 Dec, that he entirely agreed with Gladstone, on Kimberley's letter, that the recruitment of a native force in West Africa for the Ashantee War by payments per head should be stopped, G.D. 29/62, not printed.

^{page 431 note 1} Fremantle's retirement from the chairmanship of the Board of Customs followed the amalgamation of the Boards of Customs and Inland Revenue. Fremantle's letter has not been traced but F. Goulburn wrote to Gladstone, 17 Dec, that Fremantle would prefer an honour to a special pension, Add. MS. 44441, fo. 222. The mem. by Gurdon indicated a peerage as suitable, G.D. 29/62. He became Baron Cottesloe in Jan. 1874 ; see below, nos. 972, 974–6.

^{page 431 note 2} Ilchester accepted the captaincy of the Corps of Gentlemen at Arms; see above, nos. 882, 884, 937, 940.

^{page 431 note 3} Monson accepted the office of treasurer of the household vice Poltimore but was not charged with any parliamentary responsibilities, 30 Dec, Add. MS. 44441, fo. 249.

^{page 432 note 1} Lowe to Granville, 19 Dec, suggesting Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice for the parliamentary under-secretaryship of the Home Office, G.D. 29/66.

^{page 432 note 2} Postmaster-general to the Treasury, 20 Dec, on the salaries of post office employees, see below, no. 948 note.

^{page 433 note 1} Gladstone to Lowe, 21 Dec, Add. MS. 44543, fo. 34.

^{page 433 note 2} I.e. as yet another ‘ new man ’ admitted to the government.

^{page 433 note 3} See memoranda by Tenterden on the Marriage Treaty, Oct.-Dec, G.D. 29/106.

^{page 433 note 4} Halifax to Gladstone, 22 Dec, proposing to strengthen the language that Loftus was instructed to use in St. Petersburg. He wished to expose the Russian assertions that they were only doing as we do ‘ and would like to do it ’ ‘so that Europe might see it too ’, G.D. 29/64 ; and Granville's reply, 27 Dec, ibid.

^{page 433 note 5} The duke of Cambridge to Granville, 19 Dec, on his concern about Central Asia and Russia, who probably thought‘ that because of the approaching marriage and consequent alliance nothing will be said ’ ; and reply, 20 Dec, G.D. 29/72.

^{page 434 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, 25 Dec, on his disapproval of the plan of putting South Kensington Museum under the Trustees of the British Museum, and his agreement to the new proposal, Add MS. 44169, fo. 309, not printed.

^{page 434 note 2} Playfair sent to Granville his letter to Gladstone, 24 Dec, explaining that the letter to the Treasury had been written in his name without his approval, which he would not have given. Granville telegraphed its substance to Gladstone, G.D. 29/62 ; see also Playfair to Granville, 26 Dec, G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 434 note 3} Ayrton to Gladstone, 22 Dec, agreeing to transact all his business with the Queen in writing, describing the growth of conservative feeling in the country and his dissatisfaction with his official career, Add. MS. 44441, fo. 226.

^{page 434 note 4} Gladstone left a blank here which Granville noted on the back meant that ‘ he did not require the last Treaty draft to be sent to him before it was forwarded ’.

^{page 434 note 5} See above, no. 810. Relates to the drafts of Granville to Loftus, No. 23, 7 Jan. 1874, still under discussion ; see above, no. 940 note.

^{page 434 note 6} See above, nos. 944, 948.

^{page 435 note 1} Agnes Gladstone married E. C. Wickham, later dean of Lincoln, 27 Dec.

^{page 435 note 2} Gladstone to Monson, 27, 29 Dec, offering a lordship in waiting, corrected to the treasurership of the household,. Add. MS. 44543, fo. 37, G.D. 29/62 ; see above, nos. 943, 945.

^{page 435 note 3} The Queen to Gladstone, 26 Dec, and reply, 27 Dec.

^{page 435 note 4} Gladstone did not record a cabinet meeting on 19 Jan. He was ill and Granville again represented him, Fitzmaurice, ii. 118, and below, no. 969.

^{page 436 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, 30 Dec, on Wolverton's dislike of the proposal of a peerage for Fremantle, and 31 [?] Dec, on MonseU's peerage, Add. MS. 44169, fos. 312, 314, not printed.

^{page 436 note 2} The chief barony of the Exchequer (Ireland). Chief Justice Pigot died, 22 Dec.

^{page 436 note 3} See Spencer to Gladstone, 24 Dec, urging the appointment, before the new term, of Christopher Palles, the attorney-general, Add. MS. 44307, fo. 182. Gladstone's reply, 30 Dec, sent the leader of The Times,30 Dec, p. 7, on reducing the number of Irish judges by appointing the senior puisne judge. Spencer, 2 Jan. 1874, again urged the immediate appointment of Palles, ibid., fo. 189.

^{page 436 note 4} See enclosure in Thomson to Granville, No. 137, 13 Oct., on the internal condition and the foreign policy of Persia, F.O. 60/351.

^{page 436 note 5} There is no letter on this subject between 2 Nov. and 1 Jan. 1874 in Add. MS. 44161 ; but see Gladstone to Goschen, 1 Jan. 1874, on the problem's being perennial and suggesting the submission of a list to Granville, Add. MS. 44543, fo. 42.

^{page 437 note 1} See Granville to Thomson, No. 1, 2 Jan., advising abstention from further representations, F.O. 60/360.

^{page 437 note 2} See Selborne to Granville, 4 Jan., enclosing a pamphlet by ‘ Mr Robertson of Doundounedine belonging to a sort of Republican Club which meets at The Hole in the Wall, Clerkenwall ’, with Gladstone's letter ; Granville's reply, 6 Jan., on there being no need for immediate action, G.D. 29/67.

^{page 437 note 3} Relates to the Russian Marriage Treaty ; see above, no. 856 note.

^{page 437 note 4} The Siliad, or the Siege of the Seats, by the authors of The Coming K—— (1875); i.e. Aglen A. Dowty, British Museum catalogue ; but cf. S. Halkett and J. Laing, Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous English Literature, which gives E. C. G. Murray as the author of The Coming K——. The poem poked fun at the recent difficulties of the government, at the Prince of Wales, and the Queen.

^{page 438 note 1} Printed without the starred sections, Morley, ii. 479–82.

^{page 441 note 1} The cabinet decided, 23 Jan., on dissolution, Add. MS. 44641, fo. 245 ; announced 24 Jan., carried out, 26 Jan. Cardwell's and Goschen's refusal to reduce further the service estimates contributed to the decision ; see Cardwell to Granville, copy, private and confidential, 15 Jan., Add. MS. 44120, fo. 210; Morley, ii. 483–7.

^{page 441 note 2} Jervoise to Granville, No. 112 confidential, 31 Dec., reporting Antonelli's words minimizing the connection of the Irish Catholic bishops with the home rule movement and complaining of Russell's letter to Sir G. Bowyer, 4 Dec., F.O. 43/123 ; see above, nos. 926, 927 ; and for Russell's letter, The Times, 15 Dec., p. 18.

^{page 441 note 3} Cardwell to Gladstone, private and confidential, 10 Jan., on Trevelyan's campaign for the county franchise and the anxiety of Harcourt, Palmer and himself that Gladstone should not reply favourably to a deputation of his supporters, Add. MS. 44120, fo. 206. He said Gladstone was ‘ the turning point of people's politics ’ who might give their votes but not their confidence to Disraeli.

^{page 441 note 4} Burnett had managed the Hawarden estates since 1845.

^{page 442 note 1} See Cardwell to Granville, 15 Jan., assuming that they would talk over Granville's letter enclosing no. 960, G.D. 29/53.

^{page 442 note 2} Not traced.

^{page 442 note 3} This undated scrap may not be a separate letter but a postscript to no. 962.

^{page 442 note 4} Not traced.

^{page 442 note 5} Not traced.

^{page 442 note 6} This letter is incomplete and no copy has been found.

^{page 443 note 1} See above, no. 962.

^{page 443 note 2} Schenck to Gladstone, dated 14 Feb. 1873, but marked ‘ received Jan. 20, 74, received first in draft in Jan. 1874 ’, Add. MS. 44437, fo. 148. It answered Gladstone to Schenck, 28 Nov. 1872, on his personal position during the civil war and the references to him in the American case for the Geneva tribunal; see above, nos. 670, 760, 765, 794, 796.

^{page 444 note 1} See above, nos. 961, 962, 965.

^{page 445 note 1} See above, no. 951 note ; Gladstone's mem. of topics to be discussed ; mem. on the reduction of service estimates, modifying the conclusions of no. 960 ; mem. on the case for dissolution, 20 Jan. ; mem. for Cardwell and Goschen suspending the argument about estimates since the decision to dissolve would be based on more general financial grounds, Add. MS. 44762, fos. 3–9.

^{page 445 note 2} No. 24 confidential, 23 Jan., recounting his conversation with Münster arising from Decazes' appeal for British good offices with Germany, who had protested against the charges of French bishops on German anti-Catholic legislation, F.O. 64/798. The draft ended with a sentence, framed by Granville, reserving any instruction. A sentence was later added to draw Germany's attention to Decazes' declaration, and to Britain's confidence in French good faith in the words of no. 970.

^{page 445 note 3} Gladstone to Granville, 29 Jan., on an application for an ecclesiastical benefice, Add. MS. 44543, fo. 57, not printed.

^{page 445 note 4} Lyons to Granville, No. 118 confidential, 31 Jan., on the French ambassador's interference at the Porte in the Armenian Church question, F.O. 27/2044. See also Granville to Locock (chargé d'affaires, Constantinople), No. 22, 16 Feb., enclosing the dispatch and instructing him ‘ to advise the Porte not to give way to or encourage isolated representations ’ by any one signatory of the Treaty of Paris, F.O. 78/2326.

^{page 446 note 1} The honours conferred by the out-going government were : G.C.B., Odo Russell; dukedom, the marquis of Westminster; viscountcies, Lord Sydney and Cardwell ; baronies, Fortescue, who had lost his seat in the election, Fremantle, Hammond ; see below, nos. 973–6.

^{page 446 note 2} The Ashantee capital had fallen, 3 Feb. By 6 Feb. the strength of the Conservative reaction was plain. By 12 Feb. the elections were over and Disraeli had a majority of fifty, Buckle, op. cit., v. 283. Gladstone resigned, 17 Feb., without meeting Parliament, Guedalla, i. 445–7 ; Morley, ii. 492–4 ; Buckle, v. 285–8 ; mem. by Gladstone on conversation with the Queen, 7 p.m., 17 Feb., Add. MS. 44762, fo. 28.

^{page 447 note 1} No. 975 printed Morley, ii. 492, without points 2 and 3 and the last sentence.

^{page 447 note 2} To Peel, 6 Feb., asking for his views on the causes of the Liberal defeat and on the course to be followed in resigning before or after meeting Parliament, Add. MS. 44543, fo. 61. Cf. Morley, ii. 494–6.

^{page 448 note 1} The marquis of Westminster.

^{page 448 note 2} Gladstone to the Queen, 6 Feb., and reply, 8 Feb., Guedalla, i. 443–4.

^{page 448 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, 17 Feb., on the Queen's irritation at the failure to repair parts of Kensington Palace, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 39, not printed.

^{page 448 note 4} The fifth earl of Carysfort was invested with the order of St. Patrick, 31 Aug. 1874, in the place of Lord Howth, who died 4 Feb., but an extra K.P. was not created for Lord Spencer, Shaw, W. A., The Knights of England (1906), i. 104Google Scholar. Spencer was offered a marquisate, see to Granville, 14 Feb., G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 449 note 1} Sydney to Granville, 2 March, G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 449 note 2} For Gladstone's first suggestion to Granville of the execution of his decision to resign the leadership, see Fitzmaurice, ii. 135–7. He announced his eventual resignation at the cabinet dinner, 16 Feb., Morley, ii. 497–9. For memoranda of his reasons, see Add. MS. 44762, fos. 39, 41. See Hartington to Granville, 5 March, on the efforts of the late cabinet to persuade him to stay, G.D. 29/54. He agreed to remain nominal leader for one session ‘ to be consulted and to appear on emergencies ’, Hartington to Granville, 12 March, ibid. See also Forster to Granville, 13 March, G.D. 29/56 ; but cf. Halifax to Granville, 27 Feb., on Harrington's assuming the lead in order to re-unite the party, G.D. 29/25A. The session began, 5 March.

^{page 449 note 3} See draft and fair copy, announcing his intentions, Add. MS. 44762, fo. 29. For first draft of no. 982, 5 March, and amendments, 7 March, ibid., fos. 37, 38. For a further draft and a draft in Granville's hand with some variations, see Add. MS. 44170, fos. 45, 48.

^{page 450 note 1} R. W. Hanbury, Conservative M.P. for Tamworth, moved the withdrawal of British administration from the Gold Coast. Hugessen defended the Liberals' policy. The colonial undersecretary dissociated the government from a policy of ‘ unlimited expenditure ’ on ‘ a crusade against barbarism ’ and the House divided on a motion for adjournment, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxviii. 1592–1664.

^{page 451 note 1} On 13 May G. O. Trevelyan moved the second reading of his Household Franchise (Counties) Bill, but failed to carry it, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxix. 206–60. Gladstone was not in London. The Liberals were divided on the timing of the county franchise ; see above, no. 961 note.

^{page 451 note 2} The Public Worship Regulation Bill, introduced by the archbishop of Canterbury in the Lords, 20 April. The second reading was due on 11 May.

^{page 451 note 3} Russell moved in the Lords for correspondence with Germany, Austria, Russia and France on the maintenance of the peace of Europe, 4 May. Derby answered and Russell withdrew the motion, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxviii. 1564–9.

^{page 451 note 4} Hankey sought to promote closer relations between the leaders and back benchers of the Liberal party by a series of dinner parties. Gladstone, having accepted an invitation to the first, excused himself through Wolverton who asked Granville to explain to Hankey ; see Hankey to Granville, 6 May, G.D. 29/25A ; Wolverton to Granville, 6 May, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 58 ; Granville to Gladstone, tel. ibid., fo. 61.

^{page 451 note 5} A. W. Clayden, The Revolt of the Field (1874), 234 pp. Relates to the strike of the agricultural labourers of East Anglia for higher wages ; defeated by July after the Farmers' Association had refused to employ members of the National Agricultural Labourers' Union.

^{page 451 note 6} Cross's Intoxicating Liquors Bill, introduced in the Commons, passed its second reading without a division, Harcourt and Lowe speaking briefly, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxix. 75–150. It repealed sections 19–22 and 35 of the 1872 act (on adulteration and the right of entry) and modified the hours of closing.

^{page 453 note 1} Relates to the second reading of the Public Worship Regulations Bill, 11 May, when Selborne and Grey were the Liberal spokesmen, ibid., 2–65.

^{page 453 note 2} Lord Napier and Ettrick asked whether the new government accepted Granville's dispatch to Loftus, 17 Oct. 1872, on the boundary of Afghanistan, and would defend the latter against unprovoked attack. Derby accepted the dispatch but refused to exceed its literal meaning and Granville spoke in support, 8 May, ibid., ccxviii. 1906–17.

^{page 454 note 1} Goschen to Granville, Saturday [12 June], G.D. 29/25A. Granville sent to Forster a note from Gladstone, 14 June, agreeing that he should not support Playfair's motion on grounds both of policy and party, G.D. 29/29A, not printed. It did not reach him in time ; see below, nos. 988, 989, and Reid, T. Wemyss, Life of…William Edward Forster (1888), ii. 59–63Google Scholar. Goschen told Forster of Gladstone's note and prevented a division, but he and Lowe had already spoken in opposite senses, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxix. 1589–1623.

^{page 454 note 2} I.e. on the second reading of Richard's abortive bill to abolish clause 25 (safeguarding the parents' free choice of school) of Forster's Education Act. Forster and Lowe spoke against each other and twelve Liberals voted for the bill, ibid., 1304–58.

^{page 454 note 3} I.e. to amend the Supreme Court of Judicature Act (1872), committed, 11 June, when a motion to retain the Lords as the supreme court for Scotch and Irish appeals was defeated, Hans. Parl. Deb., loc. cit., 1359; see also above, no. 852 note.

^{page 455 note 1} Hansard reports Granville ‘ who was very imperfectly heard ’ as ‘ understood to say ’ that he would support the measure but that a larger one was needed ; committee stage, 9 June, ibid., 1252–3.

^{page 455 note 2} See above, no. 987, note 1.

^{page 455 note 3} Relates to arrangements on the Hawarden estate consequent on the death of Sir Stephen Glynne, Gladstone's brother-in-law, 17 June.

^{page 455 note 4} For Butt's motion for Irish home rule and the debates, 30 June, 2 July, which Gladstone did not attend, see ibid., ccxx. 700–92, 874–965. Gladstone to Granville, 26 June, on his return to London after his niece's funeral, and his position in the party. G.D. 29./29A, not printed.

^{page 456 note 1} Cardwell to Granville, 14 July, asking him to persuade Gladstone not to move his resolutions on the public worship bill, for party reasons, and suggesting amendment in committee, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 86. For Gladstone's speech (cf. no. 985), his resolutions, 9 July, the resumed debate, 15 July, in which he did not speak, and the formal withdrawal, 16 July, see ibid., 1372–92, ccxxi. 13–89, 118–19.

^{page 456 note 2} Granville to Gladstone, 25 July, asking for an address, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 89 ; Gladstone to Granville, 27 July, on the divisions in the party, G.D. 29/29A.

^{page 456 note 3} On the conclusion of the Commons' proceedings on the public worship bill, Wednesday, 5 Aug., Harcourt attacked Salisbury's speech in the Lords, complimented Disraeli, and confronted Gladstone with legal and theological argument. Gladstone declined to argue but rebuked Harcourt for a lack of good taste and courtesy in launching his learning on the House, ibid., 1341–66 ; cf. Gardiner, A. G., The Life of Sir William Harcourt (1923), i. 273–9Google Scholar ; Gladstone to his Wife, edited A. Tilney Bassett (1936), pp. 204–5 ; Buckle, op. cit., v. 323–8.

^{page 457 note 1} See Meade to Granville, 18 Aug., telling him the speeches were concerted, G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 457 note 2} In the Queen's speech at the close of the session, 7 Aug., Hans. Part. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxi. 1416. Two further paragraphs of no. 994 on private legal business, not printed.

^{page 458 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, 22 Aug., inviting to Walmer and reporting his intention to go abroad, 7 Sept. ; 31 Aug., describing Harcourt's autograph at Highclere ; 25 Sept., on his crossing to Calais that evening, Add. MS. 44170, fos. 95–8 ; Gladstone to Granville, 25 Aug., declining the invitation ; 1 Sept., thanking for his note ; 2 Nov., covering no. 995 which was also sent to Wolverton, G.D. 29/29A, not printed.

^{page 458 note 2} The Vatican Decrees in their bearing on Civil Allegiance : a political expostulation (John Murray, 1874) ; cf. Gladstone to his Wife, ed. Tilney Bassett, pp. 205–6 ; Morley, ii. 502–3, 509–12, 515–20.

^{page 460 note 1} The by-election was caused by the succession of G. C. Forester to the barony, 10 Oct. The borough, which had been represented by a Forester from 1678 with only short interruptions, elected C. T. Forester, a nephew.

^{page 461 note 1} See W. E. Gladstone, Vaticanism (1875), in reply to Manning's pamphlet; T. J. Capel, A Reply to W. E. Gladstone's Political Expostulation (1874), and others.

^{page 463 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, Mentone, 15 Dec, enclosing an untraced letter from Lady Russell, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 112, and reply, 21 Dec, G.D. 29/29A, not printed.

^{page 463 note 2} No. 1003. Cf. Wolverton to Granville, 7 Jan., G.D. 29/25A ; see drafts and notes for no. 1003, Add. MS. 44762, fos. 147–70. It was read at a meeting of the late cabinet at Granville's house, –14 Jan., Granville to Argyll, who with Bright was absent, 14 Jan., G.D. 29/22A ; Fitzmaurice, ii. 141–4; Morley, ii. 503–5 ; Gladstone to his Wife, ed. Tilney Bassett, pp. 206–11 ; Drew, Mary, Catherine Gladstone (1919), pp. 82–6Google Scholar.

^{page 464 note 1} No. 1001 printed,' Fitzmaurice, ii. 140, with verbal differences and a summary of the last four paragraphs.

^{page 464 note 2} Cf. Forster to Granville, 12 Jan., arranging to come to London on 14 Jan., and asking Granville to express his conviction of the need of Gladstone's leadership if he was too late for the meeting, G.D. 29/25A; Hartington to Granville, 13 Jan., on the difficulty of his offering himself as a candidate for the leadership, G.D. 29/22A.

^{page 464 note 3} Published in the newspapers, 15 Jan.

^{page 465 note 1} The last sentence, though crossed through in a copy in the Granville papers, was published.

^{page 465 note 2} See Granville to Gladstone, 16 Jan., enclosing Playfair to Granville, 15 Jan., and copy of the reply, 16 Jan., Add. MS. 44170, fo. 124, not printed ; enclosures with Playfair's answer, 17 Jan., Fitzmaurice, ii. 145–7. Playfair with Fawcett and others favoured Forster's leadership, but wished for the election of a leader at a meeting of the parliamentary party. Granville wrote to Adam to ask whether he would summon the meeting and told Playfair.

^{page 466 note 1} See Gladstone to the Queen, 21 Jan., on his resignation, Guedalla, i. 453.

^{page 466 note 2} Greville Memoirs. A Journal of the Reigns of King George IV and King William IV, ed. Henry Reeve (1874), 3 vols., being the first part of the work completed in 1887. Cf. the Queen to Martin, 26 Oct., Letters, 2nd ser., ii. 354.

^{page 466 note 3} Probably in publishing the article on Alsace-Lorraine, see above, nos. 307, 310, 314, 319.

^{page 466 note 4} See above, no. 1001 note.

^{page 467 note 1} See Hartington to Granville, 17 Jan., 20 Jan., on his writing to Harcourt in the sense of Granville to Playfair, 17 Jan., on the election of a leader at a party meeting, G.D. 29/22A ; cf. Holland, B., The Life of Spencer Compton, Eighth Duke of Devonshire (1911), i. 140–3Google Scholar.

^{page 467 note 2} No. 1007 is bound in the volume as if dated 28 Jan. ; but Granville was at Althorp, 28 Jan., in London, 23 Jan. ; the dates of Hartington's letter and Gladstone's reply make 23 Jan. more likely as the correct date. It is also that in Gladstone's docket.

^{page 467 note 3} Hartington to Granville, 22 Jan., G.D. 29/22A, printed Fitzmaurice, ii. 150–2 ; cf. earlier letters, 19, 21, 22 (first letter) Jan., all urging that Forster should lead in the Commons, ibid; Holland, op. cit., i. 143–7.

^{page 467 note 4} See also Adam to Granville, 1.47 p.m., 26 Jan., on Harcourt's dissatisfaction with the proceedings over the leadership and refusal to act under Forster and Forster's statement to Fawcett and Mundella that he did not wish for it, G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 468 note 1} See Adam to Granville, 27 Jan., estimating Hartington's supporters at 43 and Forster's at 32, ibid ; cf. Playfair to Granville, 27, 28 Jan., analysing the opinions of Scottish members to whom he had written, ibid.

^{page 468 note 2} 27 Jan., describing his part in persuading Althorp to lead the Commons when Earl Grey, the leader of the party, was in the Lords, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 133.

^{page 469 note 1} On Forster's withdrawal see Reid, op. cit., ii. 96–7.

^{page 469 note 2} The papers on the letter of 13 Jan., see above, no. 1005.

^{page 469 note 3} Gladstone to Granville, 31 Jan., enclosing an open letter for Adam, G.D. 29/29A.

^{page 470 note 1} Hartington to Granville, 31 Jan., against accepting the leadership, G.D. 29/22A.

^{page 470 note 2} At the Reform Club meeting of the Liberal members of the House of Commons, fixed for Feb. 3. Hartington was there chosen as leader in the Commons ; see below, no. 1013, and Halifax to Granville, 4 Feb., approving the decision, G.D. 29/25A ; Holland, op. cit., pp. 147–8.

^{page 470 note 3} See above, no. 1005.

^{page 470 note 4} Not traced.

^{page 470 note 5} The session opened on 5 Feb. In the debate on the address Granville followed the conciliatory line he had laid down but did not mention Gladstone nor allude to Northcote's estimate of the revenue, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxii. 22–30.^{page 463 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, Mentone, 15 Dec, enclosing an untraced letter from Lady Russell, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 112, and reply, 21 Dec, G.D. 29/29A, not printed.

^{page 463 note 2} No. 1003. Cf. Wolverton to Granville, 7 Jan., G.D. 29/25A ; see drafts and notes for no. 1003, Add. MS. 44762, fos. 147–70. It was read at a meeting of the late cabinet at Granville's house, –14 Jan., Granville to Argyll, who with Bright was absent, 14 Jan., G.D. 29/22A ; Fitzmaurice, ii. 141–4; Morley, ii. 503–5 ; Gladstone to his Wife, ed. Tilney Bassett, pp. 206–11 ; Drew, Mary, Catherine Gladstone (1919), pp. 82–6Google Scholar.

^{page 464 note 1} No. 1001 printed,' Fitzmaurice, ii. 140, with verbal differences and a summary of the last four paragraphs.

^{page 464 note 2} Cf. Forster to Granville, 12 Jan., arranging to come to London on 14 Jan., and asking Granville to express his conviction of the need of Gladstone's leadership if he was too late for the meeting, G.D. 29/25A; Hartington to Granville, 13 Jan., on the difficulty of his offering himself as a candidate for the leadership, G.D. 29/22A.

^{page 464 note 3} Published in the newspapers, 15 Jan.

^{page 465 note 1} The last sentence, though crossed through in a copy in the Granville papers, was published.

^{page 465 note 2} See Granville to Gladstone, 16 Jan., enclosing Playfair to Granville, 15 Jan., and copy of the reply, 16 Jan., Add. MS. 44170, fo. 124, not printed ; enclosures with Playfair's answer, 17 Jan., Fitzmaurice, ii. 145–7. Playfair with Fawcett and others favoured Forster's leadership, but wished for the election of a leader at a meeting of the parliamentary party. Granville wrote to Adam to ask whether he would summon the meeting and told Playfair.

^{page 466 note 1} See Gladstone to the Queen, 21 Jan., on his resignation, Guedalla, i. 453.

^{page 466 note 2} Greville Memoirs. A Journal of the Reigns of King George IV and King William IV, ed. Henry Reeve (1874), 3 vols., being the first part of the work completed in 1887. Cf. the Queen to Martin, 26 Oct., Letters, 2nd ser., ii. 354.

^{page 466 note 3} Probably in publishing the article on Alsace-Lorraine, see above, nos. 307, 310, 314, 319.

^{page 466 note 4} See above, no. 1001 note.

^{page 467 note 1} See Hartington to Granville, 17 Jan., 20 Jan., on his writing to Harcourt in the sense of Granville to Playfair, 17 Jan., on the election of a leader at a party meeting, G.D. 29/22A ; cf. B. Holland, The Life of Spencer Compton, Eighth Duke of Devonshire (1911), i. 140–3.

^{page 467 note 2} No. 1007 is bound in the volume as if dated 28 Jan. ; but Granville was at Althorp, 28 Jan., in London, 23 Jan. ; the dates of Hartington's letter and Gladstone's reply make 23 Jan. more likely as the correct date. It is also that in Gladstone's docket.

^{page 467 note 3} Hartington to Granville, 22 Jan., G.D. 29/22A, printed Fitzmaurice, ii. 150–2 ; cf. earlier letters, 19, 21, 22 (first letter) Jan., all urging that Forster should lead in the Commons, ibid; Holland, op. cit., i. 143–7.

^{page 467 note 4} See also Adam to Granville, 1.47 p.m., 26 Jan., on Harcourt's dissatisfaction with the proceedings over the leadership and refusal to act under Forster and Forster's statement to Fawcett and Mundella that he did not wish for it, G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 468 note 1} See Adam to Granville, 27 Jan., estimating Hartington's supporters at 43 and Forster's at 32, ibid ; cf. Playfair to Granville, 27, 28 Jan., analysing the opinions of Scottish members to whom he had written, ibid.

^{page 468 note 2} 27 Jan., describing his part in persuading Althorp to lead the Commons when Earl Grey, the leader of the party, was in the Lords, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 133.

^{page 469 note 1} On Forster's withdrawal see Reid, op. cit., ii. 96–7.

^{page 469 note 2} The papers on the letter of 13 Jan., see above, no. 1005.

^{page 469 note 3} Gladstone to Granville, 31 Jan., enclosing an open letter for Adam, G.D. 29/29A.

^{page 470 note 1} Hartington to Granville, 31 Jan., against accepting the leadership, G.D. 29/22A.

^{page 470 note 2} At the Reform Club meeting of the Liberal members of the House of Commons, fixed for Feb. 3. Hartington was there chosen as leader in the Commons ; see below, no. 1013, and Halifax to Granville, 4 Feb., approving the decision, G.D. 29/25A ; Holland, op. cit., pp. 147–8.

^{page 470 note 3} See above, no. 1005.

^{page 470 note 4} Not traced.

^{page 470 note 5} The session opened on 5 Feb. In the debate on the address Granville followed the conciliatory line he had laid down but did not mention Gladstone nor allude to Northcote's estimate of the revenue, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxii. 22–30.

^{page 471 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 27 April, urging decision on policy over Northcote's budget, G.D. 29/29A; Gladstone to Granville, 3 Feb., accepting the ‘ programme’ of no. 1012 and lamenting the decline in quality of the Commons, G.D. 29/29A ; and reply, 4 Feb., Add. MS. 44170, fo. 151 ; not printed.

^{page 471 note 2} Relates to the second reading of the Local Authorities Loans Bill in the Commons, Thursday, 13 May. Hubbard was against increased facilities for borrowing and protested against the second reading but brought forward no motion. No resolutions were moved on the Liberal side, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxiv. 605–11.

^{page 471 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, undated, 5, 11, 28 June, informing him of the death of a niece, asking him to deputise at Oxford and thanking, Add. MS. 44170, fos. 153, 155, 159, 161, not printed.

^{page 471 note 4} Hartington, 6 Aug., sought to show the failure of Disraeli to redeem his pledge ‘ to elevate the condition of the people ’. He hoped to expose Disraeli's appeal by social legislation for the popular vote and his claim that the Conservative was the people's party, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxvi. 652–67.

^{page 472 note 1} Granville replies to Gladstone's letter of 3 Nov., in which he wrote, ‘ the Turkish repudiation [of part of the interest on foreign loans contracted since 1856 (see below, no. 1036)] looms in my view as one of the greatest political events ’, G.D. 29/29A.

^{page 472 note 2} See Admiralty instructions, 31 July, to the commanders of naval stations and the naval officers abroad laying down rules for the surrender of fugitive slaves taken on board British ships, F.O. 84/1430, Parl. papers. [C. 1413] (1876). lxx, 257. The anti-slavery society agitated against the restriction of the naval officers' discretion as a reversal of policy. The instructions were suspended, 6 Oct., and after a cabinet meeting, 4 Nov., withdrawn, Parl. papers, loc. cit., pp. 272–3 ; Buckle, op. cit., v. 396–8 ; see below, nos. 1017, 1027–35.

^{page 472 note 3} He spoke again at Derby on education, 20 Nov., The Times, p. 10. For the Bristol speech see ibid., 14 Nov., p. 10, and Reeve to Granville, 26 Nov., G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 473 note 1} Forster at Edinburgh urged the transformation of ‘ our Colonial Empire into a Federation of … commonwealths ’, The Times, 6 Nov., p. 10. For his speech on education, ibid., 8 Nov., p. 6.

^{page 473 note 2} For Stansfield's speech at Bury, on education, but avoiding controversial points, and the Conservative blunder over the fugitive slave instructions, see ibid., 8 Nov., p. 8.

^{page 473 note 3} Gladstone to Granville, 11 Nov., suggesting that Hartington speak on the Vanguard minute, the slave instructions, and Froude's mission (see below, no. 1030 note) with enclosure about the French government, G.D. 29/29A. Cf. Hartington to Granville, 15 Nov., G.D. 29/22A. 4 The contract with the Khedive for the purchase of nearly a third of the Suez Canal shares was ratified, 26 Nov., completing a negotiation begun, 15 Nov. The payment was made in three instalments by the Rothschilds, 1, 16 Dec, 5 Jan., at a commission of 2½% and in anticipation of a parliamentary grant; Buckle, op. cit., v. 439–52 ; Parl. papers. [C. 1391] (1876). lxxxiii, 131.

^{page 474 note 1} Childers in the Liberal cabinet had urged the purchase and neutralization of the canal. For discussion, in the Liberal cabinet and the appointment of a cabinet committee, see Childers to Granville, 22 July 1870, and reply, 13 Aug., G.D. 29/54 for Lowe's objections to Childers's detailed plan of purchase, 16 Aug. see Lowe to Granville, 18 Aug., G.D. 29/66 ; see also Granville to Childers, 24 Aug., reporting Lowe's and Gladstone's views, G.D. 29/54 ; below, nos. 1024, 1025.

^{page 475 note 1} See Halifax to Granville, 28 Nov., on Gladstone's excitement against the purchase, his own more moderate views but fear that it might entail the occupation of Egypt, G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 475 note 2} Granville's letters not traced, but see Hartington's reply, 30 Nov., agreeing to be cautious but proposing to attack the failure to summon Parliament, G.D. 29/25A. Cf. Hartington to Granville, 28 Nov., on the purchase turning out ‘ a most successful coup ’, G.D. 29/22A.

^{page 475 note 3} Childers's and Stansfield's letters not traced.

^{page 475 note 4} Cf. Forster to Granville, 3 Dec, supposing that had he ‘ been in a cabinet which had suddenly to decide whether or no to accept the offer ’ he ‘ would have voted for acceptance ’, G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 475 note 5} Cardwell to Granville, 1 Dec, approving generally of the purchase, as Goschen did, and commenting on the failure to summon Parliament and the popularity of the government, ibid. ; see also from Hartington, 5 Dec, ibid. ; Goschen, 5 Dec, against any display of hostility but limiting his approval to the political aspect, G.D. 29/22A ; Halifax, 6, 14, 21 Dec, approving the purchase, but minimizing the difference of opinion, Lowe, 7 Dec, and Lansdowne, 28, 29 Nov., G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 276 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 4 Dec, commenting on d'Harcourt's report of Derby's aims in buying the Suez Canal shares and on Sir A. Gordon's standing for Aberdeenshire as a Conservative, G.D. 29/29A, not printed.

^{page 276 note 2} Lefevre to Gladstone, not traced, but probably related to Board of Trade to Foreign Office, 26 Jan. 1871, recommending the neutralization of the Suez Canal and its management by an international commission. Lefevre had interviewed Lesseps officially over his proposals for purchase, July 1870. The letter and those of 29 March 1871 and 22 Jan. 1872 were published as an appendix to Correspondence respecting the Suez Canal. Parl. papers. [C. 1392] (1876). lxxxiii, 317 ff.

^{page 476 note 3} For Derby's repudiation of the connection of the purchase with the Eastern question or a protectorate over Egypt see his speech, 27 Nov., Buckle, op. cit., v. 453.

^{page 477 note 1} The mission of enquiry into Egyptian finances under Stephen Cave, paymaster-general ; see Parl. papers. [C. 1396] (1876). lxxxiii, 87, and his report, 23 March, [C. 1425], loc. cit., 99.

^{page 477 note 2} Hartington spoke at Sheffield, 15 Dec, The Times, 17 Dec, p. 6.

^{page 478 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 21 Dec, partly printed Fitzmaurice, ii. 148, replying to no. 1027, has not been traced.

^{page 478 note 2} An extract from a Sheffield newspaper, quoting an Admiralty Order of 1871 as a precedent for the withdrawn circular of 1875, was sent to Granville and Gladstone, Fitzmaurice, ii. 159. The extract from the East India Station Orders, 1871, was printed in Parl. papers. [C. 1413] (1876). lxx, 309.

^{page 478 note 3} H. Hervey ; see to Granville, 21 Dec, G.D. 29/25A. Cf. Vivian (head of the slave trade department, 1871) to Granville, 23 Dec, confirming Hervey's information but stating that there were some older instructions, ibid.

^{page 478 note 4} Not traced but see Lefevre to Granville, 15 Jan., on there being no instructions on fugitive slaves while he was at the Admiralty, G.D. 29/26Ai.

^{page 479 note 1} The session began 8 Feb. These subjects, except the Vanguard, were covered by the Queen's speech and the debates on the address. Papers on them were laid by command : on fugitive slaves, [C. 1413] (1876). lxx, 257, circulated before Parliament met (below, no. 1034) ; on the purchase of the Suez Canal shares, [C. 1391], [C. 1392] (1876). lxxxiii, 131, 173, laid 8 Feb. ; on the Cape, the mission of J. A. Froude and the proposed conference there of South African states and colonies, [C. 1399] (1876). lii, 97, laid 10 Feb. ; on the loss of H.M.S. Vanguard, 1 Sept., the proceedings of the subsequent court martial and the Admiralty minute revising its decision, [C. 1384] (1876). xlviii, 665, laid 11 Feb.

^{page 480 note 1} Childers to Granville, 19 Jan., G.D. 29/26Ai; see above, no. 1027 note. Cf. Hartington to Granville, 19 Jan., on Harcourt's also having seen the paper ‘ which makes a party attack impossible ’, G.D. 29/22A. Gladstone's reply to no. 1031, 24 Jan., G.D. 29/29A, not printed.

^{page 480 note 2} Clarendon to Consul Pakehham (Madagascar), 16 May 1870, F.O. 84/1433 ; Parl. papers. [C. 1413] (1876). lxx, 306.

^{page 480 note 3} Arnim to Granville, 26 Jan., on Bismarck's publication of a mem. on Britain's refusal of him as Bernstorff's successor because of his ‘ esprit d'intrigue et manque de veracité ’ ; see also Odo Russell to Granville, private, 4 Feb., stating in reply to Granville that Arnim had never been officially proposed ; Granville to Arnim, 6 Feb., refusing to intervene between Arnim and Bismarck but denying that he had disparaged Arnim, G.D. 29/26Aii. For Granville's private deprecation of Arnim's appointment, Granville to Russell, 12 Feb., 8 April 1873, G.D. 29/110, Knaplund, Letters from Berlin, pp. 90, 98. Granville wrote ‘ query omit’ against the words in brackets.

^{page 480 note 1} Hammond to Granville, 24 Jan., that the Admiralty Orders of 1871 were not based on Foreign Office instructions, and recounting the Dryad case, G.D. 29/26Aii ; see also further letters from Hartington, 22 Jan., Coleridge, 12 Feb., Hammond, 23 Feb., ibid.

^{page 481 note 1} See above, no, 1030 note.

^{page 481 note 2} See above, no. 1023.

^{page 482 note 1} Russell to Gladstone, not traced. a Disraeli disarmed the opposition by announcing the appointment of a royal commission to report upon the international obligations applicable to the reception of fugitive slaves. In the debate on the address Hartington merely argued that the commission was unnecessary. On 22 Feb. Whitbread failed to carry two resolutions against the surrender of fugitive slaves and for the withdrawal of the Admiralty's amended circular, 23 Dec, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxvii. 685–765, 820–97.

^{page 482 note 3} The government asked for the grant for the purchase of the Suez Canal shares, 14 Feb. The opposition appealed for the postponement of the vote but the debate was only adjourned to 21 Feb. Lowe spoke for the Liberals, Gladstone spoke at length and Hartington concluded, ibid., 266–88, 563–77, 584–607, 644–52.

^{page 482 note 4} In introducing the Royal Titles Bill enabling the Queen to add a title to her style by proclamation, Disraeli avoided naming the title, but Liberal critics assumed that it would be Empress, ibid., 408 ff. See Granville to the Queen, 24 Feb., Granville to Eonsonby, 26 Feb., on the Liberals' attitude and on Disraeli's neglect to agree with the opposition before introducing the bill, G.D. 29/22A ; the first printed Fitzmaurice, ii. 161–2.

^{page 473 note 1} In Oct. 1875 Turkey had repudiated half the dividend on the state debt for the next five years. Recently published arrangements for the repayment of the 1855 loan made it a charge upon the Egyptian tribute appropriated to the repayment of the loan of 1854, and made no alternative provision for the 1854 bondholders. Derby had asserted that the British guarantee of the 1854 loan, 27 June 1855, gave her only the right to use her moral influence to gain its repayment. Gladstone to Granville, 22 Feb., on his speech in the Suez Canal debate, G.D. 29/29A, not printed.

^{page 483 note 2} The Royal Titles Bill went into committee in the Commons, 16 March. Hartington moved a resolution that agreed to some appropriate addition but rejected the impairment of ‘ the ancient and Royal Dignity of the Crown by the assumption of the style and title of Emperor ’. Anderson and Noel spoke as well as Harcourtbut they failed to carry the fight wing of the party, Hans. Part. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxviii. 75–160. The bill passed the Commons, 23 March, and the Lords, 7 April, and received the royal assent, 27 April.

^{page 483 note 3} Implying that the proclamation issued under the Royal Titles Act did not restrict the use of the title Empress to imperial occasions, to which Northcote had pledged the government on 20 March. For James's question, 2 May, ibid., 1982.

^{page 483 note 4} For Selborne's speech, the chancellor's reply and a short debate see ibid., 1953–81.

^{page 484 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, draft tol. 2 May : ‘ No vital objection to action if you are quite sure pledge remains unfulfilled …’, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 209. James gave notice of the resolution and moved, 4 May, substantially as in no. 1039 but referring to the government's declarations during the passage of the bill. It was taken as a vote of censure and debated, it May, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxix. 51.

^{page 485 note 1} Gladstone was present during the debate but did not speak. The motion was lost by 108 votes, ibid., 370–470.

^{page 485 note 2} ‘ The Courses of Religious Thought ’, Contemporary Review, 6 June 1876 ; reprinted W. E. Gladstone, Gleanings of Past Years, 1844–78 (1879), iii. 95.

^{page 485 note 3} A passage on the difference between an atheist and an agnostic has been omitted.

^{page 485 note 4} A short passage continuing the discussion of agnosticism has been omitted.

^{page 486 note 1} Hartington asked whether it was intended to lay papers on the negotiations connected with the Berlin Memorandum in the developing Eastern question and was answered by Disraeli with an appeal for forbearance, Hans. Parl. Deb., loc. cit., 1605–9.

^{page 486 note 2} Cf. a short speech on these lines by Gladstone in the debate on the address, 8 Feb., seeking to broaden the approach to, the Turkish question from that of political expediency to those moral and historic considerations which obliged the powers to demand reforms, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxvii. 102–7.

^{page 486 note 3} Gladstone to Granville, 12 June, on the Eastern question, G.D. 29/29A, not printed.

^{page 486 note 4} The refusal of the American request for the surrender of the accused American Winslow raised a question of the interpretation of the extradition treaty with the United States, 1842, and the law which executed it, 1843, see Parl. papers. [C. 1482], [G. 1526] (1876). lxxxii, 1, 125. The opposition asked whether papers would be laid, 11 May. Harcourt asked again 16, 23 May, Hans. Purl. Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxix. 777, 1113. Granville opened an important debate in the Lords, in which he and Selborne supported the American interpretation, 24 July, ccxxx. 1768 ff, and ccxxxi. 371–414.

^{page 487 note 1} Bruce on Thursday, 22 June, on an appeal for forbearance from Disraeli, did not press his motion asking for papers on the Eastern question and there was no debate, ibid., ccxxx. 255, 265–8

^{page 489 note 1} Granville in the Lords asked when there would be papers on the Eastern question, Monday 3 July, and Fawcett in the Commons, 4 July. Papers were promised as soon as possible, ibid., 847, 946.

^{page 489 note 2} See Russell to Granville, 3 July, excusing himself from the Lords and advocating association with Russia and France in the Eastern question, G.D. 29/22A. Granville sent the letter to Derby, Derby to Granville, 3 Aug., ibid..

^{page 489 note 3} Cf. Granville to Gladstone, tel., 27 July : ‘ Hartington and I think impossible to agree with Bruce or Forsyth ’, Add. MS. 44170, fo. 224. The first important batch of Turkey papers had been laid on 21 July, [C. 1531] (1876). lxxxiv, 255. The debate followed, 31 July, on Brace's motion favouring a policy of seeking equal treatment for the several races under Turkey's authority, Forsyth's amendment referred more precisely to the treaties of 1856. Neither was critical, Gladstone spoke but the debate did not proceed to a division, Hans. Parl, Deb., 3rd ser., ccxxxi, 126–225.

^{page 490 note 1} Disraeli's promotion to the peerage as Lord Beaconsfield, 16 Aug.

^{page 490 note 2} Thomas Fremantle, son of Thomas Fremantle, made first Baron Cottesloe by the out-going Liberals in 1874, won Disraeli's Buckinghamshire seat, 22 Sept., as a Conservative against Rupert Carrington, younger brother of the third Baron Carrington and William Carrington, Lib. M.P. for High Wycombe.