^{page 1 note a} These and other passages from letters of Nicholas himself are taken from Dr. Thomas Birch's extracts from his lost letter-books (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 4180, cf. vol. i. p. ii). Birch modernized the spelling.

^{page 1 note b} Sir Edward Hyde, Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was made Lord Chancellor at Bruges, 13 Jan. 1657–8.

^{page 1 note c} For his reasons see his “Instructions for Mr. Blague” in Clar. State Papers, iii. p. 321.Google Scholar

^{page 2 note a} Only two letters, of no importance, in 1657 before this have been preserved.

^{page 2 note b} Frederic Herman Schomberg, the future Duke of Schomberg (1689), now a Lieut.-General in the French service. Owing to the defection of the Irish troops which formed part of the garrison he was compelled to surrender St. Ghislain in Hainault to Condé and Don John of Austria 22 March.

^{page 2 note c} He alludes to the French successes against the Spaniards in Guienne in 1653.

^{page 3 note a} Natural son of Philip IV. of Spain and Governor of the Netherlands.

^{page 3 note b} Sir William Lockhart, English Ambassador to France since Apr. 1656. The treaty by which Cromwell undertook to aid the French with 6000 men in the war against Spanish Flanders was signed on 23 Mar., the same day on which Ormonde was writing. See Firth, , Last Years of the Protectorate, i. p. 269.Google Scholar

^{page 3 note c} Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl. He was ordered to leave the court on the ground that he was in correspondence with the Queen's faction at the Palais Royal (Cal. Olar. St. Pap. iii. p. 273Google Scholar). He died at Breda, 30 Aug. 1659. For his high character see Burnet, Hist. of My Own Time, ed. Airy, i. p, 104.Google Scholar

^{page 3 note d} See vol. ii. p. 140, note.

^{page 3 note e} Francis, brother of Christopher Roper, 4th Lord Teynham (Egert. MS. 2542, f. 283). His business in Germany was apparently to procure funds to relieve the King's necessities (ib. f. 291).

^{page 4 note a} Sent by Charles as his agent to Madrid, where he remained till after the Restoration. Secretary of State in Oct. 1662, and created Baron Arlington, 1668, and Earl of Arlington, 1672.

^{page 4 note b} See vol. i. p. xii. She was buried at Winterbourne Earls, 7 Mar. 1658 (Egert MS. 2558, f. 33).

^{page 6 note a} Ferdinand III., who died 2 April, not on Easter Monday (30 Mar.).

^{page 6 note b} Henry Brouncker, 3rd Viscount Brouncker, 1684. See Hyde to Nicholas, Apr., “Mr. Brunkard has been and has gone back and, though he was said to be sent to the King, his Majesty knows no more of his business than you do” (Cal. St. Papers, 1656–57, p. 336).Google Scholar

^{page 7 note a} Leopold William, late Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, regent for his nephew the Archduke Leopold, King of Hungary, who was only seventeen years of age, and was not eligible for election as Emperor until he was eighteen. For the intrigues during the interval until his unanimous election on 18 July, 1658, see Firth, , Last Years of the Protectorate, ii. pp. 245–54.Google Scholar

^{page 8 note a} Willem Boreel, Dutch ambassador at Paris (vol. iii. p. 285).

^{page 8 note b} Luiz de Benavides, Marquis de Caracena, commanding the Spanish forces under Don John (vol. iii. p. 268).

^{page 8 note c} Signed 12 April, 1657, and ratified by Philip IV. 5 June. Spain agreed to furnish Charles with 4000 foot and 2000 horse for his projected invasion of England.

^{page 10 note a} One of the four Irish regiments which in addition to the King's own English regiment and a Scottish regiment were raised abroad for the projected Royalist expedition to England. For their history see a paper by Prof. Firth, , “Royalist and Cromwellian Armies in Flanders,” in Trans, of the Roy. Hist. Soc., N.S. xvii. 1903, p. 67.Google Scholar

^{page 10 note b} Col. Richard Grace, who had served in Ireland until he was forced to capitulate on 14 Aug. 1652. He retired to Spain and afterwards entered the French service, which he left on the alliance between England and France in 1655 and followed the Duke of York into the service of Spain. He commanded Ormonde's regiment at the battle of the Dunes.

^{page 11 note a} Don Esteban de Gamarra. His efforts to bring about a rupture are alluded to in a letter of John Somer to Thurloe, May, (Col. Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 287).Google Scholar

^{page 11 note b} Shown by his opposition to Cromwell's taking the title of King and by his refusal of the oath imposed by Parliament 24 June, 1657, on all members of the Council, etc. He was deprived of his commission as Major-General and of all his other commissions on 16 July. See Firth, , Last Years of the Protectorate, i. p. 132, ii. p. 4.Google Scholar

^{page 12 note a} Besieged by Maréchal de la Ferté and taken 6 Aug.

^{page 13 note a} Hyde's answer, 7 Sept., is in Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 362.Google Scholar

^{page 13 note b} “You and I shall never differ in opinion in what should be done with or against Cromwell, yet there will or may be very honest and very wise men who dissent from us in the particular you mention and give very solid reasons for doing so, which will not deserve to be thought fond fancies, which (how prevalent soever in human life) I do not know do much lead us,” Hyde's answer, 13 Sept. (Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 364).Google Scholar

^{page 14 note a} Eleanor Butler, wife of Donogh Maccarty, Viscount Muskerry, created Earl of Clancarty in 1658.

^{page 14 note b} Henry Crispe, a “rich fellow” in the Isle of Thanet, was seized by Capt. Lendall (vol. iii. p. 140) and other Royalists and carried off to Bruges for ransom (Hyde to Ormonde, 1 Aug., Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 354Google Scholar; see alsoa petition from Sir Nicholas Crispe, his son, to the Protector, 27 Aug., Cal. St. Pap. 1657–58, p. 80Google Scholar). Edward Cooksey and others offered to aid his escape, but he himself revealed the plot to the King's Council (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 362Google Scholar). The depositions of Cooksey and Lieut. Richard Rose are in Cal. St. Pap. p. 97.Google Scholar

^{page 15 note a} Burgomaster of Bruges (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 309).Google Scholar

^{page 15 note b} For Hyde's answer, 8 Oct., see Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 372.Google Scholar

^{page 16 note a} Major John Wildman, the Leveller, who had been released from the Tower at the end of June, 1656.

^{page 16 note b} He was arrested 24 July, as he was about to embark for Flanders, and died in the Tower 13 Jan. 1658. For his confession see Firth, , Last Years of tlte Protectorate, i. p. 233.Google Scholar

^{page 16 note c} Alonso de Cardenas, late Spanish ambassador in England.

^{page 16 note d} Col. Joseph Bampfield, whose treachery is evident from his letters in Thurloe's State Papers.

^{page 17 note a} Mardyke had been taken by Turenne 2 Oct., and according to treaty had been handed over to the English.

^{page 17 note b} The attack was made, but was repulsed with the aid of the fire from the English ships in the harbour. Ormonde had his horse killed under him. See Firth, , Last Tears of the Brotectorate, i. p. 286Google Scholar

^{page 18 note a} Jermyn's letter recommending Bampfield to Prince Rupert is in Clear. St. Bap. iii. p. 358.Google Scholar

^{page 20 note a} Or Blague, Gentleman of the Bedchamber (Cal. St, Pap. 1657–58, p. 201Google Scholar) and Lieut.-Colonel of the King's regiment of Guards (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. iii. pp. 368, 379Google Scholar), which he commanded at the battle of the Dunes. A draft of a warrant empowering him to appoint all his officers, 28 Oct. 1657, is in Eg. 2586, f. 159.

^{page 21 note a} Royalist Resident at Brussels (vol. i. p. 136). His letters are unsigned.

^{page 21 note b} Willem Nieupoort, Dutch Ambassador to England.

^{page 22 note a} See vol. ii. p. 240.

^{page 22 note b} He had returned to England during the summer in the hope of recovering his estates and married Mary, daughter of Lord Fairfax, on 7 Sept. His arrest was ordered by the Council on 9 Oct., but up to this time he had eluded capture.

^{page 22 note c} Thomas Belasyse, 2nd Viscount Fauconberg. His marriage with Mary, Cromwell's third daughter, took place on 19 Nov.

^{page 22 note d} Charles-Howard of Naworth, created Earl of Carlisle, 1661; Major-General of Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland in Oct. 1655, and one of Cromwell's peers in Dec. 1657.

^{page 22 note e} Samuel Tuke, made a baronet in 1664. Queen Henrietta Maria, 26 Sept. 1657, recommended him for secretary to the Duke of York, but the King refused (Cal. Cl. St. Pap. iii. pp. 365, 370).Google Scholar

^{page 23 note a} William Herbert, created Earl of Powis, 1674, and Marquis of Powis, 1687. According to Cockayne's Complete Peerage, vi. p. 295Google Scholar, he was son, not grandson, of Percy, Lord Powis (1656–1667), and he married Elizabeth Somerset, daughter of the Marquis of Worcester, 2 Aug. 1654.

^{page 23 note b} M. Marcés, of the French Post Office, a Royalist agent, whose services in opening and communicating letters were highly useful (vol. i. p. 231, note).

^{page 24 note a} Robert Rich, grandson and heir of the Earl of Warwick, married Cromwell's fourth daughter, Prances, 11 Nov. 1657. From an account of hia wedding, quoted in Burnet's Hist, of My Own Time, ed. Airy, i. p. 150, note, it appears that “they had 48 violins and 50 trumpets and much mirth with frolics, besides mixt dancing (a thing heretofore accounted profane), till 5 of the clock in the morning.” He died 16 Feb. 1658.

^{page 24 note b} Royalist agent at Hamburg.

^{page 24 note c} Philip Meadowe, Latin Secretary to the English Council, sent as Envoy to Frederick III. of Denmark in Sept. 1657 to mediate between Denmark and Sweden.

^{page 24 note d} Laaland. south-east of Funen.

^{page 25 note a} Having stormed Fredriksodde, opposite the island of Funen, 3 Nov. 1657, and made himself master of all Jutland, Charles X. led his forces across the frozen Little Belt, 30 Jan. 1658, and thence from island to island into Zealand, the southern shore of which he reached on 11 Feb. He was already close to Copenhagen when peace was concluded by the treaty of Roeskilde, 27 Feb. See Firth, , Last Years of the Protectorate, i. p. 316, ii. pp. 224–27.Google Scholar

^{page 26 note a} Frederic William, Elector of Brandenburg, made an alliance with Denmark, Feb. 1658.

^{page 26 note b} He was killed in the Swedish assault upon Copenhagen, March, 1659 (Thurloe, vii. p. 628).

^{page 26 note c} Son of Sir Miles Fleetwood of Aldwinkle, co. Northants, and brother of Gen. Charles Fleetwood, Cromwell's son-in-law. He entered the service of Gustavus Adolphus in 1629 and was made a Swedish knight in 1632 and baron in 1632, and was sent by Charles X. as Envoy to Cromwell in 1655. There was another Sir George Fleetwood, M.P. for Bucks in 1647 and a regicide, knighted by Cromwell, in 1656 and made a peer Dec. 1657.

^{page 27 note a} A similar incident seems to have happened when Opdam met the “Dragon” and “Colchester” (see a letter of 27 Nov. Cal. St. Pap. 1657–58, p. 188).Google Scholar

^{page 28 note a} He was sent to the Bastille on Lockhart's complaint in Aug. 1657, for attempting to seduce the English troops aiding the French in Flanders (Thurloe, vi. pp. 421, 682).

^{page 28 note b} Philippe Mancini-Mazarini, b. 1641. His father, Michel Laurent, died 5 July, 1657.

^{page 28 note c} Christina, who had abdicated in 1654. She visited France in 1656, and again the following year.

^{page 28 note d} Charlotte Marie de Daillon, wife of Gaston, Duke of Roquelaure. She died 15 Dec. 1657, aged 22 (Dict, de la Noblesse).

^{page 29 note a} Olympia Mancini, wife of Eugène Maurice, Count of Soissons and Duke of Cariguan. The infant was not the famous Prince Eugène, who was not born until 1663.

^{page 29 note b} Maj.-Gen. William Jephson, sent by Cromwell as Envoy to the King of Sweden in Aug. 1657 to arrange a peace with Denmark (Thurloe, vi. p. 478, etc.). See Firth, , Last Years of the Protectorate, i. p. 326.Google Scholar

^{page 29 note c} Ann, widow of John Christian, Duke of Holstein-Sonderburg, who died in 1653.

^{page 30 note a} Crempe in Holstein.

^{page 30 note b} Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, son of Frederic, King of Bohemia.

^{page 31 note a} On the failure of Nieupoort's negotiations for a maritime treaty see Firth, Last Years of the Protectorate, i. p. 333.Google Scholar

^{page 31 note b} No doubt a mistake for “Paris” (see above, p. 28).

^{page 31 note c} Samuel Morland, now Assistant-Secretary under Thurloe.

^{page 32 note a} His commission as Lord-Lieutenant was dated 16 Nov.

^{page 32 note b} John Belasyse, Lord Belasyse of Worlaby, a Royalist.

^{page 32 note c} Sir John Reynolds, commanding the English forces in Flanders. He is said to have been returning to England to meet charges of having shown civilities to the Dukes of York and Gloucester, Lieut.-Col. Francis White, Governor of Mardyke, being one of his accusers. The ship in which they both sailed wag wrecked on the Goodwin Sands on Dec. and all on board perished (see Firth, , Last Tears of the Protectorate, i. p. 297).Google Scholar

^{page 32 note d} Alphonae Marie. He died 5 Jan. 1658, no doubt from the effects of this accident.

^{page 32 note e} He was appointed 6 Apr. 1653, and resigned in June, 1654.

^{page 33 note a} Louise, daughter of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia. She became a nun in the abbey of Maubuisson, near Pontoise, 25 Mar. 1659 (below, p 76), and was. made abbess in 1664.

^{page 33 note b} This mission of Ormonde was a pretence. While it was given out that he was sent to Germany to raise troops, he made his way into Holland and thence into England about the end of Jan. 1658. The chances of a successful rising proved to be hopeless, and, after barely escaping capture, he returned to the Continent before March. See Firth, , Last Tears of the Protectorate, ii. pp. 61–65.Google Scholar

^{page 34 note a} Hyde, hitherto styled “Mr. Chancellor,” as Chancellor of the Exchequer.

^{page 35 note a} Pillau, on the east aide of the Gulf of Dantzic, belonging to the Elector of Brandenburg.

^{page 38 note a} Capt. Peter Mews, afterwards Bishop of Winchester (vol. ii. p. 19).

^{page 38 note b} Spanish Governor of Dunkirk (vol. iii. p. 12).

^{page 39 note a} The battle of the Dunes on June, resulting in the surrender of Dunkirk ten days later.

^{page 40 note a} Col. Richard Grace (above, p. 10).

^{page 41 note a} He was tried at Westminster, 25 May, for trying to seduce officers of the garrison at Hull and was executed 8 June. Dr. John Hewett, minister of St. Gregory's near St. Paul's, London, tried for conspiracy 1 June, also suffered death on the same day.

^{page 41 note b} John Lisle, joint-commissioner with Whitelocke of the Great Seal, presided over the High Court for the trial of conspirators appointed 27 April, 1658.

^{page 41 note c} John Mordaunt, 2nd son of John, 1st Earl of Peterborough. He was tried, but was acquitted by Lisle's casting vote.

^{page 41 note d} John Stapley, cr. Bart, in 1660 (vol. ii. p. 321). He was arrested at the end of March and confessed all he knew of the plot.

^{page 41 note e} John Trelawny, an active Royalist agent (vol. iii. pp. 37, 160 and Cal. Clar. St. Pap. vol. iii.).Google Scholar

^{page 41 note f} George Downing, sent to the Hague in Dec. 1657 to negotiate on the question of the Baltic. He remained there as Resident until the Restoration and after.

^{page 42 note a} Sir Thomas Rokeby (vol. iii. p. 135), who had been in the service of the King of Poland since 1656 (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 147).Google Scholar

^{page 43 note a} See his letter of 28 June (below, p. 54).

^{paga 43 note b} i.e of the new Emperor. The Archduke Leopold was not actually elected until 18 July.

^{page 44 note a} James Levingston, or. Viscount Newburgh, 1647 and Earl of Newburgh, 1660. He was colonel of the Scottish regiment in Flanders.

^{page 45 note a} One of the charges against him was that he had given to Major Waterhouse a commission from Charles II. to be governor of Hull.

^{page 47 note a} Archibald, 2nd Lord Napier of Merchiston. He died three months later (below, p. 68). He had been excepted out of Cromwell's Act of Grace and Pardon, 12 Apr. 1654, and retired to Flanders.

^{page 47 note b} See vol. i. p. 279.

^{page 49 note a} Col. William Carlos or Carelease, who after the battle of Worcester shared with the King his place of concealment in the oak in Boscobel wood.

^{page 50 note a} William Hay, Earl of Kinnoul.

^{page 50 note b} Successor to the Marquis de Lede as Governor. Louis XIV. made his state entry the same day, and in the evening handed over the keys to Sir W. Lookhart as English general.

^{page 51 note a} Plaquilla, dimin. of Sp. placa, an old Spanish coin worth ten maravedis; so also Fr. plaque, “ancienne petite monnaie de Flandres” (Littré).

^{page 52 note a} Probably The Tryals of Sir H. Slingsby, Kt., and J. Hewet, D.D., for high treason.… As also the manner of their execution on Tower-hill, etc, London, 1658, 40.Google Scholar

^{page 52 note b} Sir John Berkeley (vol. i.p. 97) was created Baron Berkeley of Stratton, 19 May, 1658.

^{page 54 note a} Apparently Lord Berkeley objected to paying John Nicholas his fees as Clerk of the Council for writing his patent.

^{page 54 note b} Sir Marmaduke Langdale, created Baron Langdale 4 Feb. 1658.

^{page 56 note a} He refers to the battle of Naseby, 14 June, 1645. This account of the battle of the Dunes differs a good deal from those summarized by Prof. Firth, , Last Years of the Protectorate, ii. pp. 192–201.Google Scholar

^{page 57 note a} At the battle of the Dunes the five weak regiments of Charles II. were formed into three battalions. The first battalion comprised the Guards and Bristol's Irish regiment rander Blague, the second the Duke of York's Irish regiment under Muskerry, and the third Ormonde's Irish regiment under Grace and Newburgh's Scots under Sir W. Urry (see Trans, of Roy. Hist. Soc. xvii. 1903, p. 85).Google Scholar

^{page 60 note a} On the character of the officers of the Cromwellian forces under Lockhart at Dunkirk on the French side, see Trans, of the Roy. Hist. Soc. xvii. App. A, p. 111.Google Scholar

^{page 61 note a} Bergues, S. of Dunkirk, invested on 27 June and taken two days later.

^{page 61 note b} Furnes, E. of Dunkirk, surrendered to Turenne 3 July.

^{page 62 note a} The letters are somewhat doubtful, but if they are oorreotly read, Thomas Eliot is probably meant.

^{page 63 note a} Sir Humphrey Bennett. For the information against him and Capt. Thomas Woodcock see Thurloe, vii. p. 81, and for their trial, 10 June, p. 164. Woodcock was acquitted and the case against Bennett was dropped.

^{page 64 note a} A nickname applied to peasant insurgents, especially, it appears, in Beauce and Sologne (Littré, s.v.).

^{page 64 note b} Charles de Mouchy, Marquis d'Hocquincourt, made Maréchal in 1651. Moved by discontent he joined Condé and transferred his services to Spain, but in a reconnaissance of the French lines before Dunkirk, 12 June, 1658, was mortedly wounded and died next day.

^{page 65 note a} William Crofts (vol. ii. p. 143), created Baron Crofts of Saxham, Suffolk, 18 May, 1658.

^{page 65 note b} Abbé Walter Montague (vol. i. p. 220, note).

^{page 65 note c} Madeleine Françoise, daughter of Maximilien de Béthune, Due de Sully, who married Charlotte, daughter of the Chancellor Pierre Séguier.

^{page 65 note d} Rhamnus alaternus, a species of buckthorn, a native of S. W. Europe, introduced into England in the seventeenth century or earlier.

^{page 66 note a} Ormonde, nominally Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

^{page 67 note a} His wife was Susanna Nicholas, Sir Edward's daughter (vol. ii. p. 325, note).

^{page 67 note b} A draft of a letter from the King to the Count of Grimberg, stating his intention to go to Hoogstraeten for a few days and requesting him “de nous faciliter la chasse et les autres commodités du lieu,” is in Eg. MS. 2536, f. 281.

^{page 68 note a} Resident for the King at Frankfort (vol. i. p. 307).

^{page 68 note b} Daughter of Frederic, Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth, daughter of James I. By this marriage she became mother of George I.

^{page 68 note c} Charlotte, daughter of William, Landgrave of Hesse, married to the Elector Charles Louis in 1650. See below, p. 107.

^{page 68 note d} Chamberlain to the Princess of Orange.

^{page 69 note a} The death of the Protector Cromwell on 3 Sept.

^{page 69 note b} Archibald, 3rd Lord Napier, for whose letter on his father's death to the King, dated Middelburg, Sept. see Cal. St. Pap. 1658–59, p. 141. He died unmarried in 1683.

^{page 69 note c} Elizabeth Erskine, daughter of John, 8th Earl of Mar, married 1641. After the Restoration she obtained a yearly pension of £500 and lived till 1683.

^{page 69 note d} Archibald, 1st Lord Napier, married in 1619 Margaret Graham, daughter of John, 4th Earl of Montrose, and sister of James, 1st Marquis. There was a saying that Montrose and his nephew were “like the Pope and the Church, who wold be inseparable” (Douglas, , Scots Peerage, ed. Paul, vi. p. 425Google Scholar). Douglas wrongly dates the 2nd Lord Napier's death at the beginning of 1660.

^{page 70 note a} John Napier, killed in a naval action against the Dutch in 1672.

^{page 72 note a} Clar. St. Pap., iii. p. 419Google Scholar. William Price was minister at Amsterdam from 1648 till his death 6 July, 1666. Thomas Cawton, when minister of St. Bartholomew's, London, was involved in a royalist plot in 1651, but escaped and became minister at Rotterdam, where he died 7 Aug., 1659.

^{page 74 note a} This and following letters from Massey were written when he was in England on a secret mission with Capt. Silius Titus concerning an intended rising in the west. They are signed “Tristram Thomas” or with the cipher 866, but Nicholas in the endorsements calls the writer “Mr. Minden”. The words printed in italics are interlinear deciphers.

^{page 74 note b} Some confusion is caused by the writer speaking of himself in the first person and (when using his cipher-number) in the third indifferently.

^{page 74 note c} William Clayton, of whose “great industry in the business of Bristol” Nicholas writes on Dec. 1659 (Cal. St. Pap. 1659–60, p. 280Google Scholar). He was informed against by T. Hanchett 26 Apr. 1658 (Thurioe, vii. p. 97).

^{page 75 note a} Col. Alexander Popham, of Littlecote, one of Cromwell's peers in 1657. Orders to search his house near Bristol for arms were issued 29 July, 2 Aug. 1659 (Cal. St. Pap. pp. 50, 68).Google Scholar

^{page 75 note b} Maj.-Gen. Richard Browne, M.P. for London. On 26 Mar. 1659, the House Annulled the vote of 4 Dec. 1649, disabling him from the office of alderman, etc. Later in the year he was implicated in Sir G. Booth's rising, but was successfully concealed at Stationers' Hall.

^{page 75 note c} For the purpose of deception “Mr.” is prefixed to this and several other numerical ciphers not representing proper names.

^{page 77 note a} Anne Hyde, to whom the Duke of York gave a secret promise of marriage at Breda, 24 Nov. 1659. The marriage took place 3 Sept. 1660.

^{page 77 note b} George Morley, D.D. (vol. i. p. 208).

^{page 77 note c} Richard Cromwell's Parliament met 27 Jan. 1659, and was dissolved 22 April.

^{page 77 note d} Vol. i. p. 117. His body was taken to England for burial (Cal. St. Pap. 1658–59, pp. 335, 562).Google Scholar

^{page 78 note a} Catherine Angelique d'Orléans, natural daughter of Henry II., Duke of Longueville, abbess of Maubuisson, 1653–64. She was succeeded by the Princess Louise (above, p. 33).

^{page 78 note b} The well-known soldier of fortune, afterwards Sir James Turner, who commanded the forces in Scotland against the Covenanters in 1666–68; author of Pallas Armata, 1683, and of Memoirs, privately printed circ. 1819.

^{page 80 note a} Nephew of Henry, Lord Jermyn. He was created Baron Dover in 1685, and Earl of Dover 9 July, 1689, by James II. after his abdioation.

^{page 80 note b} The party in Holland hostile to the House of Orange, so called from the Castle of Lovestein, where its leaders were confined by William II. in 1650.

^{page 80 note c} Speaker Chaloner Chute petitioned for discharge or leave of absence 9 March, and Sir Lislebone Long, Recorder of London, was elected as his deputy. Long's death was reported to the House 16 March. Thomas Bampfield, M.P. for Exeter, was chosen to succeed him, and was made Speaker on Chute's death April.

^{page 81 note a} It was resolved 21 March that the Scotch members, and 23 March that the Irish members, should be allowed to sit.

^{page 81 note b} Maj.-Gen. Robert Overton, confined in the Tower and in Jersey since Dec. 1654 on a charge of projecting a military revolt. Parliament ordered Ms release 16 March, 1659, but it does not appear that he was elected a member of the house.

^{page 81 note c} Col. John Barkstead, the regicide, appointed 12 Aug. 1652, and replaced by Col. Thomas Pitoh 16 June, 1659 (Cal, St. Pap. p. 370).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note d} Mary, daughter of Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, widow of Dr. John Hewett (above, p. 41).

^{page 81 note e} The Infanta Maria Theresa was married to Louis XIV. 9 June, 1660, and her sister Margaret to the Emperor Leopold 12 Dec. 1666.

^{page 82 note a} Don Antonio Pimentel de Herrera y Quiñones, Conde de Benevente. He was charged with a commission from Philip IV. to Anne of Austria in Nov. 1658, and received power to prepare the way for a peace between France and Spain 11 Feb. 1659. See Lettres de Card. Mazarin, ix. 1906, p. 112.Google Scholar

^{page 82 note b} The Peace of the Pyrenees was Bigned 7 Nov. 1659 (Dumont, vi. pt. ii. p. 264).

^{page 83 note a} Royalist agent at Leghorn.

^{page 83 note b} Capt. John Stoakes, commanding as Rear Admiral the fleet in the Mediterranean. See his report to the Admiralty, 12 April, in Cal. St. Papers, p. 330.Google Scholar

^{page 83 note c} Probably a pseudonym. The writer is called by Nicholas in the endorsement “Mr. Johnson,” but this may also be a pseudonym. Judging from the handwriting he is not identical with W. Warner (below, p. 106), who is also called “Mr. Johnson,” nor with W. Greene (below, p. 102), one of the many pseudonyms of “Mr. Miles”.

^{page 84 note a} On 28 March, 1659, by 198 votes to 125 (Commons' Journals).

^{page 84 note b} Col. Philip Jones, one of Cromwell's peers, Dec. 1657. Charges were brought against him in Parliament 19 May, 1659, and were referred to a committee, but the result is not recorded.

^{page 85 note a} Probably The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru, 1658, or The History of Sir Francis Drake, 1659. Evelyn on 5 May, 1659, “went to see a new opera after the Italian way in recitative, music, and scenes” (Diary, ed. Bray, i. p. 331).Google Scholar

^{page 85 note b} On this petition of Rowland Thomas, presented to Parliament 25 March, see Commons' Journals, Burton, 's Diary, iv. p. 257Google Scholar sq., and Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 446Google Scholar

^{page 86 note a} This pretended recipe is the ciphered enclosure which follows.

^{page 86 note b} Imprisoned in Guernsey Feb. 1657–58 (Cal. St. Pap. p. 523Google Scholar), and transferred to Windsor 2 Dec. 1658 (Cal. St. Pap. 1658–59, p. 581Google Scholar). He was released on security 10 March (ib. p. 302).

^{page 87 note a} Apparently meant for “bon pour vous passe”.

^{page 88 note a} Andrew Rutherford, who rose to be Lieut.-General in the French service; created Baron Rutherford 10 Jan. 166, and Earl of Teviot 2 Feb. 166. He was appointed in April, 1663, Governor of Tangier, where he was killed in a sally 4 May, 1664.

^{page 88 note b} The first of seventeen letters written in the same hand under various signatures, but all endorsed by Nicholas, to whom they are addressed, “Mr. Miles” (in one case “Mr. W^m Miles”) or “Mr. Milles”. One letter is signed “W. Miles,” and this may be the writer's real name, though the “Mr. Miles” of the endorsements may be a pseudonym, as in the case of “Mr. Minden” for E. Massey. The writer several times mentions his “fellow-traveller,” which suggests that he was Massey's fellow-traveller, Capt. Titus (above, p. 74). The hand, however, differs from that of the letters of Titus to Hyde under the pseudonym “Tho. Jennings” among the Clarendon Papers at Oxford. The key to the cipher used is in Egerton MS. 2550, f. 24.

^{page 88 note c} The references to a law-suit here and elsewhere may be introduced merely as a blind, or to conceal a political meaning.

^{page 89 note a} Argyll sat in the Lower House as member for Aberdeenshire.

^{page 89 note b} Major-Gen. William Gofie and Col. John Hewaon were included among Cromwell's peers, Dec. 1657 (Thurloe, , vi. p. 668).Google Scholar

^{page 90 note a} A slang term for the Cavaliers.

^{page 91 note a} Francis Witherington, committed 25 May, 1658 (Cal. St. Pap. pp. 33, 576).Google Scholar

^{page 91 note b} Not Col. Richard Lovelace, the poet, who died in 1658. If Col. Francis Lovelace is meant, he was again ordered to be committed 5 Aug. 1659 (Cal. St. Pap. 1659–60, p. 75).Google Scholar

^{page 91 note c} Probably Dr. Alexander Fraser or Fraizer (vol. i. p. 151, note). He wasphysician to Charles II. and was knighted soon after the Restoration.

^{page 92 note a} William Goodson, who had been vice-admiral in the West Indies under Penn in 1654 and was left in chief command when the latter returned to England in June, 1655, until his own return in April, 1657. He was originally a shipowner of Yarmouth, and the term “tarpaulin” is here applied to him as being a professional seaman.

^{page 93 note a} The droit d'aubaine, by which the property of an alien dying in Prance was claimed by the crown.

^{page 93 note b} John Oosin, Dean of Peterborough (vol. i. p. 159, note).

^{page 93 note c} Charenton, the headquarters of the French Protestants (ib. p. 271).

^{page 94 note a} Nicholas Felton, Bishop of Bristol, 14 Deo. 1617, and of Ely, 2 Mar. 1618–19, d. 1626. He married the widow of Dr. Robert Norgate, Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Edward Norgate was therefore his step-son.

^{page 94 note b} Sp. pedrero, Fr. pierrier, originally a machine for throwing stones, and later a, small cannon revolving on a swivel (Jal, Glossaire Nautigue, p. 1172).Google Scholar

^{page 94 note c} Patache, a small vessel acting as a tender to a larger man-of-war (ib. p. 1141).

^{page 95 note a} Sagitta, sagette, a galley with or without oars (ib. p. 1306).

^{page 95 note b} This action was also reported to the English Admiralty on the same day by Charles Longland, Agent at Leghorn (Cal. St. Pap. p. 323Google Scholar). He says nothing about Marvin being a Royalist. Later (p. 334) he states that the captured ship was commanded by a Hollander, son of Laurence Reyerson of Amsterdam.

^{page 95 note c} Hadjis, or pilgrims to Mecca.

^{page 95 note d} Mandeville's “bernes of Joseph Þat ware made for to kepe corne in for Þe seven barayne yeres” (Roxburghe Club ed., 1889, p. 27).

^{page 95 note e} The convent of St. Katharine on Mt. Sinai, whither her body was said to have been transported by angels (ib. pp. 29, 172).

^{page 96 note a} The mediæval Matarea, now El-Matariyeh, a little N.E. of Cairo, where thetree and well of the Virgin are still shown (ib. p. 172).

^{page 97 note a} Another letter from him to Nicholas, Feb. 1659–60, is said to be from Capt. Robert le Grosse (Cal. St. Pap. 1659–60, p. 346).Google Scholar

^{page 100 note a} Anne, sixth daughter of Richard Cromwell. She married Dr. Thomas Gibson and died 7 Deo. 1727 (Noble, , Protectorate House of Cromwell, 1787, p. 360).Google Scholar

^{page 101 note a} The Protector's Master of Ceremonies.

^{page 102 note a} No doubt the same who was recommended to Nicholas as a correspondent by Percy Church 3 Jan. n.s. (Cal. St. Pap. p. 228Google Scholar, cf. p. 247). He signs with a pseudonym and addresses Nicholas as “Charles Siledon”.

^{page 103 note a} John Bland, a London merchant. See on the subject Cal. St. Pap. pp. 172, 204, etc.Google Scholar

^{page 104 note a} Captain John Stoakes. There is a good deal about his differences with Captain Thomas Whitstone of the “Fairfax” in Cal. St. Pap. p. 104Google Scholar, etc.

^{page 104 note b} He was second son of Roger Whitstone of Whittlesea, co. Hunt., who married Cromwell's sister Catherine (Noble, , House of Cromwell, 1787, ii. p. 207).Google Scholar

^{page 107 note a} Maria Louisa von Degenfeld, whom he married morganatically in 1657.

^{page 107 note b} See vol. i. p. 203, note.

^{page 108 note a} Peter Talbot, made Archbishop of Dublin in 1668.

^{page 108 note b} See vol. ii. p. 21, note.

^{page 111 note a} Horse-eorser or courser, a jobbing dealer in horses (New Engl. Dict., with 1552 as the earliest reference). Newcastle's La methode et invention nouvelle de dresser les chevaux was published at Antwerp, 1657, fol.

^{page 112 note a} Hugues de Lionne, Marquis de Berny, French foreign minister.

^{page 112 note b} Anne Marie Louise, daughter of Gaston, Duke of Orleans, born in 1627.

^{page 112 note c} An Augustinian friar, younger brother of Peter Talbot the Jesuit.

^{page 115 note a} The secret Royalist Committee so called which managed the abortive rising of 1655, and was still active (Gardiner, , Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii. p. 427Google Scholar; Firth, , Last Years of Protectorate, i. p. 27).Google Scholar

^{page 115 note b} John Grubham Howe, M.P. for Gloucestershire. “No man is so powerful in Gloucestershire as Mr. Howe nor so well monied, and when affairs grow riper, he assures me he can surprise and secure Gloucester” (Mordaunt to Hyde, 8 March, 1658–59, Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 433).Google Scholar

^{page 119 note a} See vol. i. p. 203, note b. Lady Stanhope married Heer van Heenvliet in 1641, and their son and heir, Charles Henry van Kirckhoven, was created Lord Wotton of Wotton 31 Aug. 1650, and Earl of Bellomont in Ireland 9 Dec. 1680. The earlier title is here said to have been granted by Charles I.

^{page 119 note b} Probably widow of Sir Robert Staresmore, killed in a duel in 1653 (vol. ii. p. 15).

^{page 120 note a} Katherine, widow of James Stuart, Duke of Richmond, who died in 1655.

^{page 121 note a} Dissolved 22 April. The Long Parliament, foreibly dissolved by Cromwell 20 April, 1653, was recalled, with Lenthall as Speaker, 7 May.

^{page 123 note a} See Whitelocke, , MemorialsGoogle Scholar, 24 April (p. 677).

^{page 124 note a} The words in brackets interlined by Nicholas.

^{page 124 note b} Captain John Lawson, appointed by order of Parliament 26 May, 1659, to be commander-in-chief as Vice-Admiral in the Narrow Seas. He was knighted 24 Sept. 1660.

^{page 128 note a} Another letter from him to Nicholas under the same pseudonym is in Cal. St. Pap. p. 354Google Scholar, dated

^{page 128 note b} Major Nicholas Armorer (vol. i. p. 303).

^{page 128 note c} Peter Talbot, the Jesuit.

^{page 130 note a} He apparently means the preceding paragraph, written in cipher or shorthand.

^{page 132 note a} It is really a draft, very roughly written and a great part in shorthand.

^{page 135 note a} Henry Marten, member for Berks Nov. 1640, a regicide. He had resumed his seat when the Long Parliament was restored.

^{page 135 note b} It was not true. William Steele, Recorder of London 25 Aug. 1649, was made Lord Chancellor of Ireland 26 Aug. 1656. Miles Corbet, a regicide, was made one of four Commissioners for the affairs of Ireland Oct. 1650, and Chief Baron of the Exchequer 13 June, 1655.

^{page 135 note c} Perhaps his letter to Thurloe, 3 May, ending “So desiring the Allmighty that those that are in power may enter uppon somethinge to keepe us in peace and quietude,” etc. (Thurloe Papers, vii. p. 667Google Scholar). See Firth, , Clarke Papers, iv. pp. 3, 10.Google Scholar

^{page 139 note a} An Act for a new Great Seal, 14 May (Whitelocke, , p. 678).Google Scholar

^{page 139 note b} Major Richard Salwey, member for Worcester in the Long Parliament, of the Committee of Safety 7 May, 1659, and of the Council of State 14 May.

^{page 140 note a} Commons' Journals, 13 May (vii. p. 651).

^{page 140 note b} Roger Boyle, Lord Broghill, 1627, and Earl of Orrery, 5 Sept. 1660.

^{page 140 note c} Above, p. 135. Steele had conducted the prosecution against Capt. Burley in Jan. 1617.

^{page 143 note a} Nicholas Oudart, secretary to Mary, Princess of Orange (vol. i., p. 73).

^{page 145 note a} Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick, died 29 May, 1659. Salisbury survived till 1668 and Leicester till 1677.

^{page 145 note b} Brit. Mus. Thomason Tracts, E. 983 (6*). Dated by Thomason, 13 May, with note, “I believe by Mr. Prin”.

^{page 147 note a} Pseudonym for Hyde (Cal. Cl. St. Pap. iii. pp. 175, 212, etc.Google Scholar). “Knowles” may also be a pseudonym.

^{page 148 note a} His formal submission was presented to Parliament 25 May (Commons Journals, vii. p. 664).Google Scholar

^{page 153 note a} Whitelocke, , MemorialsGoogle Scholar, 5 June (p. 680). Whitelocke was excused the next day (Cal. St. Pap. p. 365Google Scholar). By his own account he did not relish being joined with others where he had been an independent ambassador, and especially feared the “over-ruling temper and height” of Col. Algernon Sydney.

^{page 154 note a} Macklin being Hyde, Edmundson must be the King (cf. Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 696).Google Scholar

^{page 154 note b} A commission reported on 16 July that Richard's income be made up to £10,000 a year and that he be freed from a debt of £29,640 (C.J. vii. p. 720).Google Scholar

^{page 154 note c} Henry Nevile, member of the Council of State 19 May, 1659 (Cal. St. Pap. p. 349).Google Scholar

^{page 155 note a} It was voted that he should be Lieut.-General 4 June, and he received his new commission from the Speaker 9 June (C.J. vii. p. 677Google Scholar, Clarke Papers, iv. p. 18).Google Scholar

^{page 155 note b} Col. John Barkstead (above, p. 81).

^{page 155 note c} Col. Thomas Fitch, late Governor of Inverness (Cal. St. Pap. pp. 138, 432Google Scholar). He was appointed by Parliament 10 June, and received his commission 14 June (C.J. vii. pp. 679, 685).Google Scholar

^{page 156 note a} John Fountaine, Serjeant at law, appointed joint commissioner with Bradshaw and Tyrell of the “broad seal” for five months on 3 June (Whitelocke, p. 680).

^{page 156 note b} Sir Charles Coote, President of Connaught, cr. Earl of Mountrath 6 Sept. 1661.

^{page 157 note a} Col. Philip Jones, William Steele and Robert Goodwyn appointed 7 June Cal. St. Pap. p. 867).Google Scholar

^{page 157 note b} As part of his sentence for seditious libel, 14 June, 1637.

^{page 160 note a} See Prof. Firth's Clarke Papers, iiiGoogle Scholar. frontispiece, for a facsimile from a copy preserved at Worcester College. The following lines are in the plate:—

“I am resolved to ride in State,

Not caring what the small Birds prate.

I'le keep my Seat without controul,

If once I flinch they'l call me Owle.”

^{page 161 note a} He was ordered by Parliament to surrender the government of Ireland 7 June, and returned to England about the end of the month.

^{page 161 note b} Pseudonym for Hyde (above, p. 147).

^{page 162 note a} A slip of the pen for Henry.

^{page 162 note b} The letter dated 2 June and lead in Parliament 9 June (Clarke Papers, iv, p. 16).Google Scholar

^{page 163 note a} Antoine de Bordeaux. His letters of credence were read 24 June, and Whitelooke, Sir Henry Mildmay, and Sir John Trevor were deputed to attend him to the House the next day (C.J. vii. p. 698Google Scholar). He did not, however, have audience until 22 Aug. (ib. p. 766).

^{page 163 note b} The letter dated 2 June and read in Parliament 9 June (Clarke Papers, iv. p. 16).Google Scholar

^{page 163 note c} Sir John Ireton, brother of Gen. Henry Ireton.

^{page 165 note a} Richard Newdigate was given a seat on the Upper Bench 30 May, 1654, but was removed 1 May, 1655. He was reappointed before Mich, term, 1657, and was made President 17 Jan. 1660.

^{page 165 note b} Edward Atkyns, Baron of the Exchequer. 28 Oct. 1645, Justice of the Common Pleas 19 Oct. 1649.

^{page 165 note c} Hugh Wyndham, Justice of Common Pleas 30 May, 1654.

^{page 165 note d} Thomas Widdrington, Speaker in the Parliament of 1658, Lord Chief Baron 26 June, 1658.

^{page 165 note e} Francis Thorpe, Baron of the Exchequer 1 June, 1649.

^{page 167 note a} A pass for him to cross to Holland was given 24 Aug. 1659 (Cal. St. Pap. p. 566).Google Scholar

^{page 168 note a} He was made commander-in-chief, as Lieut.-General, in Ireland 4 July, landed there at the end of the month, and returned to England in October.

^{page 169 note a} He was a member of the “Sealed Knot,” but sold himself to Thurloe as early as the summer of 1656. See Firth, , Last Years of the Protectorate, i. p. 29Google Scholar. He betrayed Ormonde's presence in England at the beginning of 1658 (above, p. 33). “The King is fully satisfied that Sir Richard Willis (who was particularly entrusted by him) has long been false” (Nicholas to Johnson, Oct. 1659, Cal. St. Pap. p. 248).Google Scholar

^{page 170 note a} In a letter from G. Paul to Charles II. in 1663 the writer in enumerating his services declares, “How it was I discovered Barrett to be Sir Richard Willis; how it was I ran the dainger of poasting him, which I did with my owne hands, unknowne to him till it was done ” (Clarke Papers, iv. p. 304).Google Scholar

^{page 170 note b} Firth, and Rait, , Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, ii. p. 1299Google Scholar, dated. 12 July. The Act against Delinquents (ib. p. 1304) is dated 13 July.

^{page 176 note a} Pseudonym for Sir Edward Nicholas.

^{page 177 note a} 2nd Bart., member of the Long Parliament, 1645, and of Cromwell's Parliaments of 1654 and 1656, and “a person of the best fortune and interest in Cheshire, and for the memory of his grandfather of absolute power with the Presbiterians” (Clarendon, , History, ed. 1849, ii. p. 127Google Scholar). His rising at first met with some success and he secured Chester, but he was defeated by Lambert at Nantwich. Failing in an attempt to escape in woman's clothes he was sent to the Tower, but was released on bail 9 Dec. He was one of twelve members selected by the Convention Parliament 7 May, 1660, to convey to Charles II. their answer to his Declaration, and was created Lord Delamere 20 April, 1661.

^{page 177 note b} After defeating Booth, Lambert besieged Sir T. Myddelton in Chirk Castle and forced him to surrender, 24 Aug.

^{page 177 note c} Peter Brooke or Brookes, member for Newton in Makerfield, co. Lanc, 26 March, 1646. He was brought to the Bar, disabled from sitting, and committed to the Tower, 13 Sept. (Commons Journals, vii. p. 778).Google Scholar

^{page 178 note a} Col. John Hewson, regicide, knighted by Cromwell and made one of his peers Deo. 1657. He was appointed commander-in-ohief of the foot in Ireland 8 July, 1659 (Cal. St. Pap. p. 13).Google Scholar

^{page 179 note a} See an account of his escape in Whitelocke, 's Memorials, p. 681.Google Scholar

^{page 179 note b} Charles Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby, succ. 15 Oct. 1651.

^{page 181 note a} Charles had left Brussels for Calais about 1 Aug. to wait for a vessel to take him to England, but on hearing of the failure of Booth's rising he hurried south to Toulouse and Saragossa and thence to Fontarabia. Ormonde, Bristol, Daniel O'Neill and others accompanied him. Baker, 's ChronicleGoogle Scholar, with cont. to 1660, ed. 1730, pp. 572–5.

^{page 182 note a} Tobias Rustat, servant to Charles II. when Prince of Wales and appointed yeoman of the robes 12 Jan. 1658 (Eg. 2542, f. 259). See Hyde, to Ormonde, , Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 581.Google Scholar

^{page 182 note b} See Hyde, to Ormonde, , 11 10 1659Google Scholar, Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 678.Google Scholar

^{page 183 note a} The conference between Mazarin and the Spanish prime minister, Don Luis Mendez de Haro, held on the Isle of Pheasants in the Bidassoa and resulting in the Peace of the Pyrenees.

^{page 183 note b} “Mr. William Dungan, an Irish gentleman” (Baker, 's Chronicle, 1730, p. 575Google Scholar). He was created Viscount Dungan and Earl of Limerick, 2 Jan. 168.

^{page 186 note a} Jacques de Souvré or Souvray, knight-commander of Malta, a confidant of Mazarin. See Mazarin, 's Lettres, ix. 1906, p. 356Google Scholar. He is the “commandeur” mentioned below, p. 188.

^{page 187 note a} This refers to the preceding letter, inclosed in that of the 23rd.

^{page 188 note a} Lambert turned back the Speaker and closed the House 13 Oct. (Whitelocke, p. 684). The officers made Fleetwood their General and formed (26 Oct.) a Committee of Safety of twenty-three members to carry on the government.

^{page 190 note a} Thomas Aleyne, successor to Sir John Ireton.

^{page 191 note a} Col. John Okey, regicide. In Oct. 1659, he supported Parliament against the Army and was cashiered by the council of officers. On the failure of the attempt to seize the Tower he took refuge with Lawson and the fleet.

^{page 191 note b} Thomas Scott or Scot, regicide (see below, p. 212, note).

^{page 191 note c} John Streater or Streeter, the pamphleteer. On 30 July the Council of State made him commander of the artillery train, and after the restoration of the Long Parliament he was given the command of Hewson'a regiment.

^{page 191 note d} Lieut. Col. John Miller (see a list of officers of the Tower regiment late Col. Barkstead's, now Col. Fitch's, in Cal. St. Pap. 5 07, 1659, p. 8).Google Scholar

^{page 193 note a} Phineas Pett, clerk of the check at Chatham, brother of Peter Pett, Commissioner of the Navy.

^{page 193 note b} Sir E. Hyde (cipher in Eg. 2550, f. 79b).

^{page 194 note a} Monck entered London 3 Feb. For his marches between 2 Jan. and 3 Feb. see Clarke Papers, iv. p. xxiii.Google Scholar

^{page 194 note b} William Pierrepont, 2nd son of Robert, 1st Earl of Kingston, and member for Much Wenlock in the Long Parliament. On 23 Feb. 1660, after the secluded members were re-admitted, he was chosen at the head of the list for the Council of State.

^{page 195 note a} William Morice, M.P. for Devon, 15 Aug. 1648, but never sat, and re-elected in 1654 and 1656, but not allowed to sit. He represented Newport, Cornwall, in 1658 and Plymouth in the Convention Parliament, April, 1660. Charles II. made him Secretary of State, Feb. 1659–60, and knighted him on landing.

^{page 195 note b} Lieut.-Col. John Clobery was sent by Monck with Col. Wilkes and Major (later Col.) Ealph Knight to treat with Lambert and the officers. See Monk's letter to Lambert, 3 Nov. 1659, in Clarke Papers, iv. p. 88.Google Scholar

^{page 195 note c} Sent by Monck with the Irish Brigade into Cheshire at the end of 1659 (Clarke Papers, iv. p. 251Google Scholar). He entered into relations with Royalist agents and was knighted after the Restoration.

^{page 195 note d} Thomas Clarges, whose sister Anne was married to Monck in 1654. He was appointed Commissary-General of Musters in Feb. 1660, and on 2 May was sent to Charles with the message from the Convention Parliament inviting,him to England. He was knighted by Charles as soon as he reached Breda.

^{page 195 note e} Abraham Cowley, the poet, who was secretary to Lord Jermyn (vol. i. p. 219).

^{page 196 note a} Sir Arthur Hesilrige.

^{page 196 note b} Arthur Annesley, member for Radnor in the Long Parliament but excluded in 1648. He was chosen President of the Council of State in Feb. 1660, and sat in the Convention Parliament for Carmarthen; succeeded as Viscount Valentia Nov. 1660, and created Earl of Anglesey 20 April, 1661.

^{page 196 note c} He was committed to the Tower 6 March, but escaped 10 April. Though he collected some adherents, they gave way without striking a blow and he was taken prisoner by Col. Ingoldsby, who was sent in pursuit, near Daventry on 22 April.

^{page 197 note a} The first five were aldermen and were all knighted on 26 May, 1660, Sir John Robinson being created a baronet in June. The sixth was probably Thomas Bromfield who was elected alderman 24 July, 1651, but was discharged on paying a fine the same day. See Beaven, , The Aldermen of the City of London, 1913.Google Scholar

^{page 197 note b} Thomas Pury. See an order of Parliament for a letter of thanks to him, 30 July, 1659, in Cal. St. Pap. pp. 51, 55.Google Scholar

^{page 198 note a} Col. James Berry or Bury, member of the Council of State.

^{page 198 note b} Probably Masterton, of St. Clement's, who was later suspended from preaching (Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 727).Google Scholar

^{page 199 note a} Nathaniel Stephens, elected 28 Oct. 1640. “Mr. Stephens told them there was no way left for saving these dying kingdomes but calling home the King” (letter of Major Wood, Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 696).Google Scholar

^{page 199 note b} Thomas Atkyn or Atkyns, alderman 1638, M.P. for Norwich 1640, knighted by Cromwell 5 Dec. 1657.

^{page 200 note a} So MS., apparently for “hedge”.

^{page 201 note a} Brigue, to intrigue, canvass. The earliest reference for the subst. given in the New Engl. Dict. is in Swift's Tale of a Tub, 1704.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note b} John Lenthall, knighted by Cromwell 9 March, 165⅞. He was elected for Abingdon in the Convention Parliament, but was expelled from the house 12 May (Commons' Journals, viii. p. 24).Google Scholar

^{page 204 note a} The hand appears to be Col. Whitley's and the cipher used (Egert. MS. 2550, f. 78) is endorsed by Nicholas “Cipher with Col. Whit[ley], Mr. Mom[pesson],” with the note “For Mr. C. Watrey direct my letters for Mr. Geo. Warde att Mrs. Blacklockes house next doore to the Divell Taverne by Temple Barr, London”. In the cipher Watrey = Whitley and Natrey = Nicholas.

^{page 204 note b} The members secluded in 1648 again took their seats on 21 Feb., and the Long Parliament was finally dissolved on 16 Mar.

^{page 205 note a} Both Col. John Thompson and Thurloe were nominated for Secretaries of State, 27 Feb., but Thurloe was elected by 65 votes to 38.

^{page 206 note a} M.P. for Wilton with John Nicholas in 1661. “Man” is a pseudonym.

^{page 206 note b} The Convention Parliament met 25 April.

^{page 206 note c} William Wilde, Recorder 1659, Justice of Common Pleas 1668, and of the King's Bench 1673–79.

^{page 207 note a} Lands in Wilts, late Thomas Mompesson's, were settled by Parliament on Unton Croke 27 Aug. 1659 (C.J. vii. p. 770).Google Scholar

^{page 208 note a} The letter for the fleet sent to Monck and Montagu with the Declaration of Breda, April (Clarendon, , History, ed. 1888, vi. p. 202).Google Scholar

^{page 209 note a} “I have since received yours of the 5th by Sir T. Clargea, with the address of the officers of the army made to you, upon which I shall not enlarge till the return of the same messenger” (Charles to Monck, 21 May, Clar. St. Pap., iii., p. 745).Google Scholar

^{page 211 note a} A warrant for a grant to James Hamilton, gentleman of the bedchamber, of messuages in Hyde Park at a yearly rent of ten shillings, with a proviso that he should grant leases for twenty years to the purchasers under the late usurped powers, is in Cal. St. Pap. 1670Google Scholar, Addenda, 1660–70, p. 655.

^{page 212 note a} This and following letters of Sir H. de Vic are mainly concerned with the discovery, surrender, and custody of Thomas Scot the regicide, who was ultimately sent back to England, tried on 12 Oct. and executed on 17 Oct. Particulars of his career are given by Prof. Firth in the Engl. Hist. Rev. xii. 1897, p. 116Google Scholar, prefixed to his own “Confession and Discovery of his Transactions” as Intelligencer to the Commonwealth, which is preserved in the Record Office and appears to have been written in the hope of saving his life. He was elected member for Aylesbury in the Long Parliament about Oct. 1645, and also sat for Wycombe in the Parliaments of 1654 and 1659 and for Aylesbury in that of 1656. During the Commonwealth he was member of all the Councils of State and on 1 July, 1649, was appointed Government Intelligencer, a post which he held until the expulsion of the Long Parliament in 1653 and to which he was again appointed in 1659. As a staunch republican he was strongly opposed to the Protectorate, but after the fall of Richard Cromwell he was again elected to the Council of State and on 17 Jan. 1660, he was also made Secretary of State. Unfortunately for himself, he had not only signed the death-warrant of Charles I., but in one of the latest sittings of the Long Parliament before it was finally dissolved he defended the King's execution in a speech which was used against him at his trial. De Vic's tetters supplement his own account of the circumstances of his surrender and also the statements in two pamphlets on the subject, viz.: “A True Narrative … of the Apprehension of the Grand Traytor Thomas Scot, published by authority,” London, 1660Google Scholar, and “Mr. Ignatius White his Vindication as well from all Imputations concerning Mr. Scot (of which affaire he doth give herein an exact; faithfull, and authentick account) as also from all other Reports raised of him through malice and ignorance during his Imployments here in England (see below p. 262) The part played by White was somewhat ambiguous. He seems at first to have aided Scot in his attempt to escape abroad, but to have done his best when his disguise was detected to induce him to give himself up to De Vic.

^{page 213 note a} Amman or Amtmann, a magistrate, alderman.

^{page 214 note a} Capt. Henry Combe. In a petition for recognition of his services in the matter, Sept. 1660, he styles himself adjutant of the regiment of Guards in Brabant (Cal. St. Pap. 1670, Addenda, 1660–70, p. 649Google Scholar). His efforts to secure Scot are described in the first of the two pamphlets noticed above, p. 213.

^{page 233 note a} John Lisle the regicide, Commissioner of the Great Seal. He escaped to Switzerland, but was shot dead at Lausanne by a Royalist 11 Aug. 1664.

^{page 236 note a} Marginal note by Nicholas.

^{page 241 note a} For an abstract of this agreement see Cal. St. Pap. 1659–60, p. 656.Google Scholar

^{page 242 note a} In Sept. 1660 lie was appointed Secretary for the French tongue and Chancellor of the Order of the Garter.

^{page 247 note a} Privateers, Pr. armateura. The word is not given in the New Engl. Dict.

^{page 248 note a} Philippe, only brother of Louis XIV. He was created Duke of Orleans in 1660 and married Henrietta, only sister of Charles II., 30 March, 1661.

^{page 249 note a} Henri de Massué, Marquis de Ruvigny. His sister Rachel was married in 1634 to Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, now Lord Treasurer, and died 16 Feb. 1640.

^{page 250 note a} Charles de Batteville, Spanish Ambassador to England.

Claude Lamoral de Ligne, Prince de Ligne, Spanish Ambassador Extraordinary to England.

^{page 251 note a} For Henry, Duke of Gloucester, who died of small-pox 10 Sept.

^{page 251 note b} Walsh or Welsh (vol. ii. p. 256). Clarendon speaks of him as “a person too well known to be trusted (History, xi. p. 128Google Scholar). The “bird” was John Lisle, the regicide (above, p. 233).

^{page 255 note a} Anne, daughter of Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey, and wife (1640) of Thomas Savile, Visoount Savile, created Earl of Sussex, 1644. Her husband died in 1659, and was succeeded by his son James, born in 1649.

^{page 256 note a} Benjamin Weston, who married Elizabeth, widow of the 1st Earl of Anglesey.

^{page 257 note a} Late Assistant Secretary of State under Thurloe, when he proved useful to the Royalist cause by revealing the traitorous practices of Sir R. Willis and by sending other information. He went with Whitelocke's embassy to Sweden in 1653, and as Cromwell's envoy to the Duke of Savoy about the Vaudois persecutions in 1655, and after his return in 1656 published the History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Piedmont, 1658. He was favourably received by Charles at Breda in May, 1660, and was created a baronet 18 July, with a pension of £500. He is, however, best known for his great ability as a mathematician, engineer, and inventor. See Burnet, , History, ed. Airy, i. p. 119Google Scholar, and Diet. Nat. Biogr.

^{page 258 note a} Words in italics are underlined in the original.

^{page 258 note b} Morland married in 1657 Susanne, daughter of Daniel de Milleville, Baron de Boissay, in Normandy.

^{page 259 note a} Wirksworth, co. Derby.

^{page 262 note a} The pamphlet mentioned above, p. 213, note. This letter gives the approximate date of its publication.