^{page 1 note 1} Lyakhi = the Poles, Poland.

^{page 1 note 2} sc. Scandinavians.

^{page 1 note 3} i.e. Prince. See Introduction, pp. ii-iv.

^{page 1 note 4} A quarter of the town.

^{page 1 note 5} The popular assembly. See Introduction, pp. ii, viii, ix.

^{page 1 note 6} Bodyguard.

^{page 1 note 7} General.

^{page 1 note 8} Volchii Khvost.

^{page 2 note 1} The Synodal MS. of the Novgorod Chronicle begins with the words: “You are carpenters.” The portion of the chronicle for the year 1016 here printed in brackets is from another MS. and is given here merely to make intelligible the remainder of the entry for this year.—Ed.

^{page 2 note 2} A nomad people in S. Russia.

^{page 2 note 3} Stol.

^{page 2 note 4} Elders, captains.

^{page 2 note 5} Originally the equivalent of a pound of silver, it was at this time about ½ lb.; cf. Appendix.

^{page 2 note 6} Common soldiers (lit. “evil-smelling “).

^{page 2 note 7} Brest, in Poland, now called Litevski, or “Lithuanian.”

^{page 3 note 1} Gorod, sc. fortified town.

^{page 3 note 2} A Finnish tribe.

^{page 4 note 1} Words in brackets supplied from another text.

^{page 4 note 2} Usually known as Polovtsy, i.e. the Kumans, a nomad people of Southern Russia, not Slavs, who in the centuries preceding the Tartar invasion periodically ravaged the country round Kiev.

^{page 5 note 1} Here the Kiev region. See Introduction, p. xvi.

^{page 5 note 2} Russkaya Zemlya.

^{page 5 note 3} Vysyekosha = (lit.) cut him out.

^{page 5 note 4} An enclosure to keep wild animals (zver).

^{page 5 note 5} Kzeml, or Gzen, a stream near Novgorod.

^{page 5 note 6} A Finnish tribe.

^{page 5 note 7} Theodore. A colloquial form of Feodor.

^{page 5 note 8} sc. their remains.

^{page 5 note 9} Abbot, Superior, Head of a Monastery, from ἡγ>ύμενοsigmav;

^{page 5 note 10} Theodosius.

^{page 6 note 1} Archbishop—lit. ruler.

^{page 6 note 2} Volok=Portage, the watershed between two river basins, across which the boats are drawn; “beyond the Volok,” za volokom, or zavoloche, is specially the Dvinskaya Zemlya, the land of the Dvina, the basin of the Northern Dvina. See Introduction, pp. ix, x, xi, etc.

^{page 6 note 3} i.e. John.

^{page 6 note 4} sc. the remains of.

^{page 6 note 5} lit. the cave.

^{page 7 note 1} “Pitch(town).”

^{page 7 note 2} sc. the river Kalaksha.

^{page 7 note 3} sc. that part of Novgorod east of the river Volkhov.

^{page 7 note 4} The citadel.

^{page 7 note 5} A Finnish tribe.

^{page 7 note 6} “Citadel,” or “fort,” on the outskirts of Novgorod, 2 versts away.

^{page 8 note 1} A quarter of the town, sometimes called the Slavenski End.

^{page 8 note 2} sc. to decorate with paintings or frescoes.

^{page 8 note 3} Podole.

^{page 8 note 4} In the Chud country.

^{page 8 note 5} A race in W. Russia, closely allied to the Lithuanians.

^{page 8 note 6} Finnish.

^{page 9 note 1} sc. the St. Sophia or Western side of Novgorod.

^{page 9 note 2} The Bear's Head; in Finnish: Oden-paa, the modern Odeppe, a village S. of Yurev, or Dorpat, W. of Novgorod.

^{page 9 note 3} Burgomaster.

^{page 10 note 1} Nobles.

^{page 10 note 2} i.e. made them take the oath of loyalty.

^{page 10 note 3} Commander of a hundred (sto).

^{page 10 note 4} Constantine.

^{page 10 note 5} cf. Appendix.

^{page 11 note 1} May 1.

^{page 11 note 2} About eleven pecks.

^{page 11 note 3} cf. Appendix.

^{page 11 note 4} sc. as slaves to the oversea merchants, who came up the river Volkhov from the Baltic to Novgorod in boats.

^{page 12 note 1} sc. Gothland.

^{page 12 note 2} i.e. Denmark.

^{page 12 note 3} i.e. Pskov.

^{page 12 note 4} Usti, sc. of the river Volkhov in Lake Ladoga.

^{page 13 note 1} i.e. Yurev, or Dorpat.

^{page 13 note 2} A town E. of Moscow.

^{page 13 note 3} The Eastern side of the town.

^{page 13 note 4} A part of Novgorod, lit. “The Mound.”

^{page 13 note 5} i.e. Denmark.

^{page 13 note 6} Oblast.

^{page 14 note 1} Dvor.

^{page 15 note 1} cf. Appendix.

^{page 16 note 1} Near Novgorod.

^{page 16 note 2} lit., New Market.

^{page 17 note 1} Swedes.

^{page 18 note 1} September 25.

^{page 18 note 2} The Winter solstice.

^{page 18 note 3} sc. Lake Ilmen, at the north end of which lies Novgorod.

^{page 18 note 4} A Finnish tribe.

^{page 18 note 5} i.e. The Mound, a quarter of the town.

^{page 19 note 1} Bezmezdniki=ἀνάργυροι; these two saints who were doctors and gave their services gratis, are often so-called.

^{page 19 note 2} sc. Anthony.

^{page 20 note 1} Kiev and district.

^{page 20 note 2} i.e. the Emperor's town, Constantinople.

^{page 20 note 3} Princess, sc. wife.

^{page 22 note 1} i.e. the Eastern.

^{page 22 note 2} sc. Alexis.

^{page 23 note 1} i.e. White-town.

^{page 23 note 2} The same as osminka, cf. appendix.

^{page 23 note 3} i.e. marten-skins, or parts of them, used as money, cf. appendix.

^{page 24 note 1} i.e. Swedes.

^{page 24 note 2} sc. Quarter of the Shieldmakers.

^{page 25 note 1} sc. “Theodore's.”

^{page 25 note 2} Vyacheslav.

^{page 25 note 3} Volodimir.

^{page 25 note 4} A town at the S. end of Lake Ilmen, at the N. end of which lies Novgorod.

^{page 25 note 5} February 3.

^{page 26 note 1} Abbess.

^{page 26 note 2} sc. Easter.

^{page 26 note 3} sc. to the country of the Northern Dvina. cf. p. 6.

^{page 27 note 1} Kad.

^{page 27 note 2} About 36 lbs.

^{page 27 note 3} i.e. Andrew.

^{page 27 note 4} sc. of the town.

^{page 28 note 1} t of the town.

^{page 30 note 1} sc. the mouth of the river Tvertsa, where it flows into the Volga at Tver.

^{page 32 note 1} Litva, the collective designation of the Lithuanians.

^{page 32 note 2} Volost.

^{page 32 note 3} Near Novgorod.

^{page 33 note 1} N.E. of Novgorod, what is now Northern Russia.

^{page 33 note 2} cf. p. 6.

^{page 34 note 1} The strictest monastic order.

^{page 34 note 2} Nom. Pl., lit. the “dumb “or “incomprehensible “folk, a term applied by all Slavs to all foreigners of Germanic race, sometimes including Scandinavians.

^{page 34 note 3} sc. secular name.

^{page 34 note 4} Shnek.

^{page 34 note 5} sc. Lake Chud or Peipus.

^{page 35 note 1} Loiva.

^{page 35 note 2} Commander of a thousand (tysyacha=1,000).

^{page 35 note 3} June 29.

^{page 35 note 4} A part of Novgorod. See p. 18.

^{page 36 note 1} The Wonderful Hill, near Antioch.

^{page 36 note 2} Popy.

^{page 36 note 3} Stylites.

^{page 36 note 4} Gorod—fortified town, but often was merely a fortified post.

^{page 37 note 1} Near Novgorod; cf. p. 7.

^{page 37 note 2} Kunas; cf. appendix.

^{page 38 note 1} Plemya.

^{page 38 note 2} Gridba.

^{page 38 note 3} Their own Knyaz Yaroslav, against Knyaz Yaroslav of Chernigov.

^{page 38 note 4} sc. Thomas.

^{page 39 note 1} Cyril.

^{page 39 note 2} Near Novgorod.

^{page 40 note 1} Little Market, the same town as Novi-torg.

^{page 40 note 2} Otherwise Bezhitsy, Bezhitski Verkh.

^{page 40 note 3} A river flowing into Lake Ilmen from the E.

^{page 40 note 4} cf. p. 6.

^{page 40 note 5} Plotniki.

^{page 41 note 1} Grand Prince; in modern Russian the title is used by male blood-relations of the Emperor, and is always translated “Grand Duke,” though the title “Knyaz” is otherwise always translated “Prince.”

^{page 41 note 2} A suburb of Novgorod.

^{page 42 note 1} A river flowing into Lake Ilmen.

^{page 42 note 2} Nikita.

^{page 42 note 3} Joseph.

^{page 42 note 4} Podvoiski.

^{page 42 note 5} A part of Livonia, lit. “End of the Letts.”

^{page 42 note 6} Kunas.

^{page 42 note 7} Hyacinth.

^{page 43 note 1} Near Novgorod, see p. 7.

^{page 43 note 2} Ikony.

^{page 43 note 3} Alexis.

^{page 43 note 4} Constantinople; cf. p. 20.

^{page 43 note 5} Isaac.

^{page 44 note 1} i.e. Isaac's son.

^{page 44 note 2} German, cf. p. 34.

^{page 44 note 3} Constantinople.

^{page 44 note 4} Fryazi.

^{page 45 note 1} sc. Vlakherna, ‘Blachernae’ in Constantinople (a suburb till Heraclius I, 610–641).

^{page 45 note 2} Alexis V, Mourtzouphlos.

^{page 46 note 1} Germans.

^{page 46 note 2} i.e. Eὐεργέτνς.

^{page 46 note 3} i.e. εις φνγάς

^{page 47 note 1} Amvon.

^{page 47 note 2} Oδνγήτρια

^{page 47 note 3} i.e. Boniface, Marquess of Monferrat.

^{page 48 note 1} Theodoric the Ostrogoth, whose Bern is Verona.

^{page 48 note 2} i.e. Baldwin, Count of Flanders.

^{page 48 note 3} i.e. Doge Dandolo.

^{page 48 note 4} Tenth part.

^{page 48 note 5} Near Antioch.

^{page 48 note 6} Families.

^{page 49 note 1} sc. Gleb and Oleg, sons of Volodimir, Knyazes of Ryazan.

^{page 50 note 1} Kuny.

^{page 50 note 2} Vira dikaya.

^{page 50 note 3} Po zubu—per tooth.

^{page 50 note 4} sc. rafts.

^{page 50 note 5} Dvoryane.

^{page 51 note 1} Polk.

^{page 51 note 2} Gorod.

^{page 51 note 3} i.e. Pskov.

^{page 51 note 4} Dvory.

^{page 51 note 5} St. John Chrysostom.

^{page 52 note 1} Polata.

^{page 52 note 2} Lake Chud.

^{page 52 note 3} Or dragon.

^{page 52 note 4} Or Narova.

^{page 52 note 5} Oseki.

^{page 52 note 6} Sparrow-town.

^{page 52 note 7} Galicia.

^{page 54 note 1} Kad.

^{page 54 note 2} Namestnik.

^{page 56 note 1} sc. Radilov, q.v.

^{page 58 note 1} Germans, cf. p. 34.

^{page 58 note 2} sc. while they were away.

^{page 58 note 3} Cupolas.

^{page 59 note 1} sc. Galicia.

^{page 60 note 1} St. John Chrysostom.

^{page 61 note 1} Lodya.

^{page 61 note 2} Korolevich.

^{page 61 note 3} Bohemians and Poles.

^{page 61 note 4} Ugry.

^{page 61 note 5} cf. p. 34.

^{page 61 note 6} Lib.

^{page 61 note 7} i.e. Anton.

^{page 62 note 1} Dvor.

^{page 63 note 1} Wenden.

^{page 63 note 2} Polotsk.

^{page 63 note 3} Hyacinth.

^{page 63 note 4} Revel.

^{page 64 note 1} Yurev or Dorpat.

^{page 64 note 2} Yazyk, lit. “tongue.”

^{page 64 note 3} Tatary.

^{page 64 note 4} Euphrates.

^{page 64 note 5} The Polovtsi.

^{page 64 note 6} Val.

^{page 65 note 1} sc. the Tartars.

^{page 65 note 2} Kholopy.

^{page 65 note 3} Burial-mound, fort.

^{page 66 note 1} The Tartars.

^{page 66 note 2} Gorod.

^{page 66 note 3} Jeremiah.

^{page 67 note 1} Constantine and Helen.

^{page 67 note 2} Ostrog.

^{page 68 note 1} sc. they are one.

^{page 68 note 2} sc. the Lithuanians.

^{page 68 note 3} Theodosius.

^{page 68 note 4} Theophylact.

^{page 68 note 5} James.

^{page 69 note 1} Lodka.

^{page 69 note 2} sc. the Yem people.

^{page 70 note 1} Houses.

^{page 70 note 2} cf. p. 34.

^{page 70 note 3} Lotygola.

^{page 70 note 4} Lib.

^{page 71 note 1} Bailiff.

^{page 71 note 2} The Assumption.

^{page 71 note 3} December 19.

^{page 71 note 4} Lake Ilmen.

^{page 72 note 1} Gramota.

^{page 72 note 2} Kuny.

^{page 73 note 1} Gridnitsa.

^{page 73 note 2} Volok Lamsk.

^{page 73 note 3} Isidore.

^{page 74 note 1} Cyril.

^{page 74 note 2} House.

^{page 74 note 3} September 26.

^{page 75 note 1} George.

^{page 75 note 2} September 26.

^{page 75 note 3} November 21.

^{page 75 note 4} sc. our oath is annulled.

^{page 75 note 5} Gramota.

^{page 77 note 1} Slavno.

^{page 77 note 2} Elias.

^{page 77 note 3} cf. p. 34.

^{page 77 note 4} Ten puds.

^{page 78 note 1} cf. p. 34.

^{page 78 note 2} German.

^{page 78 note 3} Nicæa.

^{page 79 note 1} Embach.

^{page 79 note 2} Niz, Nizovskaya zemlya, sc. the basin of the Volga, and the country S.E. of Moscow generally.

^{page 79 note 3} Posad.

^{page 81 note 1} Bulgaria on the Volga, the present Kazan, etc.

^{page 81 note 2} Lithuanians.

^{page 81 note 3} Inoplemennitsi.

^{page 81 note 3} George.

^{page 82 note 1} Istrog.

^{page 82 note 2} Tyn.

^{page 83 note 1} cf. p. 34.

^{page 83 note 2} Porok.

^{page 83 note 3} Yurev Polski, N.E. of Moscow.

^{page 83 note 4} Volok Lamsk.

^{page 84 note 1} About 66 miles.

^{page 84 note 2} Cyril.

^{page 84 note 3} sc. the Russian people.

^{page 84 note 4} Oleksandr, Aleksandr.

^{page 84 note 5} Srubi—cut, because made of wood.

^{page 84 note 6} Fort.

^{page 84 note 7} Swedes.

^{page 85 note 1} i.e. The Council of Chalcedon, a.d. 451.

^{page 85 note 2} Korabl.

^{page 85 note 3} cf. p. 34.

^{page 85 note 4} Fellin.

^{page 86 note 1} Pogost.

^{page 86 note 2} cf. p. 34.

^{page 87 note 1} Voroni Kamen.

^{page 87 note 2} Of Lake Chud.

^{page 87 note 3} Theodoulos.

^{page 88 note 1} sc. Mikhail and Fedor—Michael and Theodore.

^{page 88 note 2} Ugry.

^{page 90 note 1} Velmozha.

^{page 90 note 2} Stolnik.

^{page 90 note 3} Tsarstvo.

^{page 91 note 1} Knyazhenie—sovereignty.

^{page 92 note 1} sc. the Lithuanians.

^{page 92 note 2} Dvor.

^{page 93 note 1} Elias.

^{page 93 note 2} Posad.

^{page 94 note 1} sc. of the oath.

^{page 95 note 1} A Customs-tax: properly, a seal on merchandise.

^{page 96 note 1} Presumably “and return in greater strength.”

^{page 96 note 2} sc. churches.

^{page 98 note 1} sc. Radilov, on the Volga.

^{page 98 note 2} Mindvog, Grand Prince of Lithuania, 1247–63.

^{page 100 note 1} People.

^{page 100 note 2} sc. Polotsk.

^{page 101 note 1} Wesenberg.

^{page 103 note 1} sc. the “Great ” river, reka Velikaya, on which Pskov is situated.

^{page 103 note 2} sc. the Nemtsy.

^{page 103 note 3} The village of Bronnitsy, on the river Msta, E. of Novgorod.

^{page 103 note 4} Tartar official, tax-gatherer.

^{page 104 note 1} Gramota.

^{page 105 note 1} Ostrog.

^{page 105 note 2} Stream.

^{page 106 note 1} From this point there are several missing sheets of the original, and the continuation up to the year 1299, as published, is borrowed from another text.

^{page 106 note 2} Bailiff.

^{page 106 note 3} No record for 1273.

^{page 107 note 1} i.e. Petitioned.

^{page 107 note 2} Nemetski, German.

^{page 108 note 1} Or fort, gorod.

^{page 108 note 2} sc. petitioned.

^{page 108 note 3} sc. Ilmen.

^{page 109 note 1} sc. Radilov, on the Volga.

^{page 109 note 2} cf. p. 34.

^{page 109 note 3} i.e. from the shores of lake Onega, N.-E. of Novgorod.

^{page 109 note 4} Loiva, shnek.

^{page 110 note 1} Ioachim.

^{page 110 note 2} Eleferevich (Eleutherius).

^{page 111 note 1} Molodets, pl. molodtsy.

^{page 111 note 2} Volok Lamsk.

^{page 112 note 1} sc. Keksholm.

^{page 113 note 1} Here the original Synodal Text is resumed.

^{page 113 note 2} Eleutherius.

^{page 114 note 1} Near Novgorod, lit. an “enclosure for wild animals. ”

^{page 114 note 2} A part of Novgorod—“lower town. ”

^{page 114 note 3} sc. experts.

^{page 115 note 1} sc. Radilov, on the Volga.

^{page 116 note 1} Theoktistos.

^{page 116 note 2} The Council of Chalcedon, a.d. 451.

^{page 116 note 3} i.e. the Council of Nicæa, a.d. 325.

^{page 117 note 1} Kolmovo, near Novgorod.

^{page 117 note 2} Near Novgorod.

^{page 117 note 3} Nemetskaya Zemlya, here S.-W. Finland.

^{page 117 note 4} Chernaya reka.

^{page 117 note 5} Citadel.

^{page 118 note 1} Greblya.

^{page 118 note 2} John.

^{page 119 note 1} sc. Keksholm.

^{page 119 note 2} i.e. Athanasius.

^{page 120 note 1} sc. The Mouths; cf. p 12.

^{page 120 note 2} Rel, water-meadow, near Novgorod.

^{page 121 note 1} i.e. from the shores of Lake Onega.

^{page 122 note 1} sc. Keksholm, on lake Ladoga.

^{page 122 note 2} Nemetski gorod, on the north shore of the Gulf of Finland.

^{page 122 note 3} Walnut island.

^{page 123 note 1} Poshlina, lit. duty, tariff.

^{page 123 note 2} See Introduction, p. x, etc.

^{page 123 note 3} Volok=portage; sometimes called Volok Dvinsk in contrast to Volok Lamsk; “Zavoloche ” = “beyond the Volok, ” sc. the basin of the N. Dvina, and N.E. Russia generally; cf. Introduction pp. ix–xi, etc., and Index.

^{page 123 note 4} i.e. “Yugmouth, ” a town on the N. Dvina, at its junction with the Yug.

^{page 123 note 5} Poshlina.

^{page 123 note 6} Near Novgorod.

^{page 123 note 7} A platform thus called (seni=threshold, or porch), specially placed in the interior of churches for ceremonies of consecration.

^{page 124 note 1} Eustaphi, Eustathius.

^{page 124 note 2} In Novgorod.

^{page 125 note 1} Abraham.

^{page 125 note 2} Yurev Nemetski, German Dorpat, on the river Embach, a tributary of Lake Chud, near Pskov, as opposed to Yurev Polski, near Moscow.

^{page 125 note 3} sc. Alexander Nevski.

^{page 126 note 1} Plotniki.

^{page 126 note 2} cf. p. 34.

^{page 126 note 3} i.e. the cripple.

^{page 126 note 4} For this year the record in different handwritings stands as follows; that in brackets is supplied from another text.

^{page 126 note 5} Varfolomei, Bartholomew.

^{page 127 note 1} September 13.

^{page 127 note 2} November 16.

^{page 127 note 3} Xenophon.

^{page 128 note 1} sc. and finished it in two years.

^{page 128 note 2} George.

^{page 128 note 3} One sazhen= 1 ⅙ fathom.

^{page 128 note 4} At this point the Synodal text as a continuous whole comes to an end; what follows is borrowed from a text called “Continuation of the Annals of Novgorod ” which belongs to the Archæographical Commission; the Synodal text has small records for 1337, 1345 and 1352, but as these are the same in the “Continuation ” they have not been printed separately.

^{page 128 note 5} cf. Appendix.

^{page 129 note 1} Veliki Novgorod.

^{page 129 note 2} sc. Keksholm, on lake Ladoga.

^{page 129 note 3} Constantinople.

^{page 129 note 4} Near Novgorod.

^{page 130 note 1} Terem.

^{page 130 note 2} Tyn.

^{page 130 note 3} sc. the N. Dvina.

^{page 130 note 4} cf. p. 123.

^{page 131 note 1} Nemetski Gorod, sc. Viborg, on the N. shore of the Gulf of Finland.

^{page 131 note 2} Posad.

^{page 131 note 3} Gorod.

^{page 132 note 1} In Finland.

^{page 132 note 2} sc. Viborg.

^{page 132 note 3} sc. the Vod people.

^{page 132 note 4} Otchina.

^{page 132 note 5} Sten

^{page 132 note 6} A part of the Korel country or people.

^{page 133 note 1} Vykhod.

^{page 133 note 2} Charter.

^{page 133 note 3} Uzbeg.

^{page 134 note 1} cf. p. 34.

^{page 134 note 2} sc. the people of Ustyuzhna, on the river Mologa, a tributary of the Volga.

^{page 134 note 3} The White Lake, in N. Russia.

^{page 134 note 4} sc. the E. or mercantile half of the town.

^{page 135 note 1} The “Lower ” town, a part of Novgorod.

^{page 136 note 1} Terem.

^{page 136 note 2} “German, ” here.

^{page 137 note 1} Or town, Gorod.

^{page 137 note 2} sc. experts.

^{page 138 note 1} Gorod.

^{page 138 note 2} Onesiphorus.

^{page 139 note 1} sc. Velyad, the town of Fellin, in Livonia.

^{page 139 note 2} sc. Narva.

^{page 139 note 3} Ostrovskaya zemlya.

^{page 140 note 1} September 14.

^{page 140 note 2} November 21.

^{page 140 note 3} 1st Sunday in Lent.

^{page 141 note 1} West of lake Ilmen.

^{page 141 note 2} The places in these districts.

^{page 141 note 3} Constantinople.

^{page 141 note 4} “Birch-tree. ”

^{page 142 note 1} Theophylaktov.

^{page 142 note 2} Druzhina.

^{page 142 note 3} Gospodin.

^{page 143 note 1} In August.

^{page 143 note 2} March 9.

^{page 143 note 3} Krakovshy, sc. Poland.

^{page 143 note 4} Posad.

^{page 143 note 5} Gorod.

^{page 143 note 6} sc. Dorpat.

^{page 144 note 1} No record for 1351.

^{page 144 note 2} This is the last entry in the Synodal text.

^{page 144 note 3} Gospodin.

^{page 144 note 4} A place near Pskov.

^{page 144 note 5} Hyacinth.

^{page 144 note 6} Here ends this last entry of the Synodal text; all that follows is from the “Continuation of the Annals of Novgorod ” text, cf. p. 128.

^{page 145 note 1} Hyacinth.

^{page 145 note 2} Near Novgorod.

^{page 145 note 3} Constantinople.

^{page 145 note 4} sc. the Emperor.

^{page 145 note 5} sc. the Tartar Tsar (Khan of the Golden Horde).

^{page 146 note 1} Philotheos.

^{page 146 note 2} Heraclea.

^{page 146 note 3} Near Novgorod.

^{page 146 note 4} A part of Novgorod.

^{page 147 note 1} Sic.

^{page 147 note 2} cf. p. 123.

^{page 147 note 3} Zarechane.

^{page 148 note 1} Lower town.

^{page 148 note 2} “Potters.”

^{page 149 note 1} In November.

^{page 149 note 2} sc. Keksholm, on lake Ladoga.

^{page 149 note 3} Pomorski.

^{page 149 note 4} Zamorski.

^{page 149 note 5} sc. Velyad, or Fellin.

^{page 150 note 1} Near Novgorod.

^{page 150 note 2} Velyad, or Fellin.

^{page 150 note 3} Yurev Nemetski, Dorpat.

^{page 150 note 4} i.e. St Mary's Meeting with Elizabeth (Luke 1, 40, etc.)

^{page 150 note 5} Near Novgorod.

^{page 151 note 1} sc. the N. Dvina.

^{page 151 note 2} Velyad, Fellin.

^{page 151 note 3} Velikaya reka, on which Pskov is situated.

^{page 151 note 4} Posad.

^{page 151 note 5} Gorod.

^{page 151 note 6} Leontius.

^{page 151 note 7} Hippolytus.

^{page 152 note 1} Citadel.

^{page 152 note 2} Plotniki.

^{page 152 note 3} A part of Novgorod.

^{page 152 note 4} Posad.

^{page 152 note 5} At the S. end of lake Ilmen.

^{page 152 note 6} Lower town.

^{page 153 note 1} Leontievich.

^{page 153 note 2} Elisha.

^{page 153 note 3} Zagorodie.

^{page 154 note 1} July 11.

^{page 154 note 2} sc. owing to floods lower down.

^{page 154 note 3} Posad.

^{page 154 note 4} Ostrog.

^{page 154 note 5} sc. the monastery on the river of this name.

^{page 155 note 1} sc. the monastery on the river Derevyanitsa.

^{page 155 note 2} sc. into lake Ilmen, owing to floods lower down.

^{page 155 note 3} Boniface.

^{page 155 note 4} Cyprian.

^{page 155 note 5} Gramotas, Gramoty.

^{page 155 note 6} sc. to be over.

^{page 156 note 1} Plotniki.

^{page 156 note 2} “Lower Newtown,” on the Volga.

^{page 157 note 1} Florus and Laurus.

^{page 157 note 2} Gospodin.

^{page 157 note 3} Lit. forehead-beating.

^{page 157 note 4} sc. Palm.

^{page 157 note 5} sc. treeless country.

^{page 158 note 1} sc. fled.

^{page 159 note 1} sc. the German parts of the Baltic provinces.

^{page 159 note 2} sc. Yurev Polski, N.E. of Moscow.

^{page 159 note 3} sc. Lamsk, N.W. of Moscow.

^{page 159 note 4} Constantinople.

^{page 159 note 5} A part of Novgorod.

^{page 160 note 1} sc. Keksholm, on lake Ladoga.

^{page 160 note 2} A part of Novgorod.

^{page 161 note 1} Zavolochkaya zemlya, Dvinskaya zemlya, sc. the basin of the N. Dvina, N.E. Russia generally.

^{page 161 note 2} sc. town-wall.

^{page 161 note 3} i.e., half-way between Easter and Pentecost.

^{page 162 note 1} cf. p. 123.

^{page 162 note 2} Plotniki.

^{page 162 note 3} sc. rob.

^{page 162 note 4} Ioan, John.

^{page 164 note 1} Constantine and Helena.

^{page 164 note 2} In Novgorod.

^{page 164 note 3} sc. Gothland.

^{page 164 note 4} Dorpat.

^{page 164 note 5} Yurev Nemetski or Revel.

^{page 165 note 1} sc. treaty, gramota.

^{page 165 note 2} Here probably Swedish.

^{page 165 note 3} Orekhov.

^{page 165 note 4} Veliki Novgorod.

^{page 166 note 1} sc. had concluded, and possessed.

^{page 166 note 2} “Fox's hill.”

^{page 167 note 1} Constantinople.

^{page 167 note 2} Gramoty, sc. books.

^{page 167 note 3} In June.

^{page 167 note 4} Veliki Novgorod.

^{page 167 note 5} sc. Akinf, Hyacinth.

^{page 167 note 6} Swedes.

^{page 167 note 7} Yamburg.

^{page 168 note 1} Gospodin.

^{page 168 note 2} Leonti.

^{page 168 note 3} Stratelates, August 31.

^{page 169 note 1} Yamburg.

^{page 169 note 2} Of the Cross.

^{page 169 note 3} Sloboda.

^{page 169 note 4} Volok Dvinsk, in N. Russia. See Introduction, pp. ix, x, etc.

^{page 170 note 1} sc. the country of the N. Dvina. See Introduction, p. ix, etc.

^{page 170 note 2} Gospodin Veliki Novgorod.

^{page 171 note 1} “White-Lake.”

^{page 171 note 2} Galich Meriazhski, town in N. Russia.

^{page 172 note 1} i.e. “and to have suffered no harm in the siege of so strong a town.”

^{page 172 note 2} Or Anfailo.

^{page 172 note 3} Plotniki.

^{page 173 note 1} September 1.

^{page 173 note 2} Joseph, Bishop of Salonika, February 7.

^{page 173 note 3} July 27-September 13.

^{page 173 note 4} Near Novgorod.

^{page 174 note 1} sc. judge between us.

^{page 174 note 2} About 330 miles.

^{page 174 note 3} Lyadskaya vera; Lyakh, a Pole.

^{page 174 note 4} November 11.

^{page 175 note 1} Citadel.

^{page 175 note 2} Constantine and Helena.

^{page 175 note 3} July 11.

^{page 176 note 1} Rodislav.

^{page 176 note 2} Plotniki.

^{page 176 note 3} i.e. Hanseatic.

^{page 177 note 1} Citadel.

^{page 177 note 2} sc. Lake Ilmen.

^{page 177 note 3} Hanseatic.

^{page 178 note 1} Pskov = Pleskov.

^{page 178 note 2} A part of Pskov.

^{page 178 note 3} sc. of the German Order of Knights.

^{page 178 note 4} Theodoulos.

^{page 178 note 5} Constantinople.

^{page 178 note 6} The town of Kamen-Bely—White Stone.

^{page 179 note 1} i.e. Leonti.

^{page 179 note 2} Khony, near Hierapolis, in Phrygia.

^{page 179 note 3} Near Novgorod.

^{page 180 note 1} Photius.

^{page 180 note 2} Lyubyanitsa.

^{page 180 note 3} The battle of Tannenberg.

^{page 180 note 4} sc. of the Order of Teutonic Knights.

^{page 180 note 5} Marshal.

^{page 180 note 6} Commanders.

^{page 180 note 7} Lyakhi.

^{page 180 note 8} Marienburg near Danzig, the capital (since 1307) of the Teutonic order.

^{page 181 note 1} Properly lobtsi or lobki, skins of the little foreheads of squirrels.

^{page 181 note 2} A Swedish copper coin.

^{page 181 note 3} Squirrel skins.

^{page 181 note 4} Near Novgorod.

^{page 182 note 1} sc. Knyaz Simeon Olgerdovich.

^{page 182 note 2} sc. Hungarians.

^{page 182 note 3} sc. Gabriel.

^{page 183 note 1} Athanasius.

^{page 183 note 2} Plotniki.

^{page 183 note 3} cf. p. 34.

^{page 183 note 4} sc. into the lake, owing to floods lower down.

^{page 183 note 5} Near Novgorod.

^{page 184 note 1} cf. p. 123.

^{page 184 note 2} The Red Hill.

^{page 185 note 1} Near Novgorod.

^{page 185 note 2} “Shieldmakers.”

^{page 185 note 3} In Novgorod.

^{page 185 note 4} sc. the fugitives.

^{page 186 note 1} Sic.

^{page 187 note 1} Son of Job (Yev.).

^{page 188 note 1} Gospodin, sc. the Vladyka.

^{page 188 note 2} Plotniki.

^{page 189 note 1} Northmen, or Norwegians.

^{page 189 note 2} Korilsky.

^{page 189 note 3} Pogost, villages, settlements, small colonies or outposts.

^{page 189 note 4} sc. Knyaz Simeon Olgerdovich of Lithuania.

^{page 189 note 5} sc. the Veliki Knyaz.

^{page 189 note 6} Swedish copper coins.

^{page 190 note 1} i.e. Narva.

^{page 190 note 2} Bridges over small tributaries of the Volkhov in Novgorod.

^{page 190 note 3} Kolmovo, near Novgorod.

^{page 190 note 4} The Fisheries.

^{page 191 note 1} “Fox.”

^{page 191 note 2} cf. p. 123.

^{page 191 note 3} No record for 1422.

^{page 191 note 4} Near Novgorod.

^{page 192 note 1} cf. p. 123.

^{page 192 note 2} Svidrigailo.

^{page 193 note 1} Photius.

^{page 193 note 2} Year repeated.

^{page 194 note 1} Near Novgorod.

^{page 194 note 2} A river flowing into lake Ilmen from the E.

^{page 194 note 3} John Chrysostom.

^{page 194 note 4} July 11.

^{page 195 note 1} sc. builders.

^{page 195 note 2} Near Novgorod.

^{page 195 note 3} A stream in Novgorod.

^{page 195 note 4} Sigismund, King of Poland.

^{page 196 note 1} Citadel.

^{page 196 note 2} sc. at war.

^{page 196 note 3} Sigismund.

^{page 197 note 1} Alexander Czartoryski.

^{page 197 note 2} Jagiello Olgerdovich, King of Poland.

^{page 197 note 3} Polotsk.

^{page 198 note 1} Lyadski.

^{page 198 note 2} lit. “District,” a part of Novgorod.

^{page 199 note 1} “White,” a place on the river Msta, q.v.

^{page 199 note 2} Plotniki.

^{page 199 note 3} “Shieldmakers.”

^{page 199 note 4} “Grooms.”

^{page 199 note 5} “Beyond the fields.”

^{page 199 note 6} The Lower town.

^{page 199 note 7} sc. the churches.

^{page 200 note 1} Simeon Olgerdovich Knyaz of Lithuania.

^{page 200 note 2} sc. Yamburg.

^{page 200 note 3} Narva.

^{page 200 note 4} Lake Chudskoe or Peipus.

^{page 201 note 1} Tsarevitsa.

^{page 202 note 1} Half-Rouble.

^{page 202 note 2} “Baskets.”

^{page 202 note 3} sc. Mussulmans.

^{page 202 note 4} sc. repudiated.

^{page 203 note 1} Norsemen.

^{page 203 note 2} The Northern Dvina (White Sea).

^{page 203 note 3} i.e. half-way between Easter and Pentecost.

^{page 204 note 1} sc. the autumn-sown crops.

^{page 204 note 2} John Chrysostom.

^{page 204 note 3} Here this text ends; the following is added from another text.

^{page 205 note 1} Here ends the Chronicle proper. The record for the year 1471 (edited in the sixteenth century, under Ivan the Terrible) has been added, because it gives a detailed account of the final suppression of the independence of Novgorod by Ivan III. ‘the Great’ of Moscow.

^{page 205 note 2} From Number Two Chronicle: Ivan Vasilievich the Veliki Knyaz came to Novgorod with an armed force; he camped on the river Shelon, and took a ransom of 16,000 Roubles.

^{page 205 note 3} sc. the people of Novgorod.

^{page 205 note 4} Ivan IV “the Terrible,” (Grozny.)

^{page 207 note 1} Theophilus.

^{page 208 note 1} i.e. Martha.

^{page 212 note 1} Salonika.

^{page 212 note 2} Theodore Stratelates.

^{page 212 note 3} John Chrysostom.

^{page 212 note 4} Constantinople.

^{page 212 note 5} Bodyguard.

^{page 215 note 1} Moscow.

^{page 215 note 2} About 20 versts.

^{page 215 note 3} Of Poland.

^{page 219 note 1} About 40 miles.