^{page 1 note b} This important assembly met on Nov. 21, 1638. It continued its sittings in defiance of the King's proclamation, repealed or annulled the acts of preceding assemblies since 1606, tried, deposed, and excommunicated several Bishops, and re-established the Presbyterian polity in its utmost strictness. See Burton, , Hist. of Scotland, vol. vii. pp. 9Google Scholar and following, and Baillie, Letters and Journals, in loc.

^{page 3 note a} “We appointed Mr. Wood to draw a short declaration of our willingness to have any tolerable peace with the Remonstrants, if so, for tyme to come, they would promise to be submissive to the established government; this now is printed.” Baillie to Spang, June 1658. Letters and Journals, vol. iii. p. 362.Google Scholar

^{page 3 note b} The Remonstrants.

^{page 4 note a} e.g. Patrick Gillespie, Principal of Glasgow University; and Samuel Rutherford, Principal of St. Mary's College.

^{page 4 note b} viz., “An Address to the Christian Reader,” containing very severe remarks on the Resolutioners, prefixed by Rutherford to his “Survey of the Survey of that summe of Church Discipline penned by Mr. Thomas Hooker,” &c. London, 1658, 4to; Baillie, vol. iii. p. 375.

^{page 4 note c} Minister of Calmonell, afterwards of Edinburgh, Commissioner to the Westminster Assembly, but never sat; Moderator of the General Assembly in 1649; Fellow Commissioner with James Sharp to Monk in London, but induced by Sharp to stay in Scotland. For their correspondence see Wodrow, Introduction.

^{page 5 note a} Leading Presbyterian Minister in London. At the Restoration Calamy refused a Bishopric, and Manton a Deanery.

^{page 5 note b} See succeeding letters to Drummond.

^{page 6 note a} In Baillie's Letters and Journals there are letters written to Sharp at this time, but no mention is made of his return to Scotland as being an enforced one. The following, however, which occurs in a letter written to William Spang on Jan. 31, 1661 (vol. iii. p. 431) may help to explain the matter: “Being afraid for Warristoun's incessant designs, the brethren of Edinburgh moved Mr. Sharp to go up again to attend his motions. The Protector Richard took very weell with him and sundry members of Parliament, but when these were put down Warriston deferred him to the Council as corresponding with Massey and Titus. Being upon this called to the Councell, Sir H. Vaine and Mr. Scot were sent out to confer with him, to whom he gave abundant satisfaction, and a little after was sent home in peace.”

^{page 6 note b} Some difficulty is found in fixing a date for this letter. The mention of a “design to send Commissioners and Judges into Scotland,” (as if it were now first heard of,) seems to point to somewhere about 1651 or 1652. On Sept. 26, 1651, the Long Parliament resolved to send Commissioners to Scotland “for the managing of the civil government and settling affairs there as may be best for the service of the Commonwealth.” And on March 23, 165½, the Committee for Irish and Scotch affairs were ordered to “send for the persons whom they nominated to the Council to goe into Scotland to be administrators of justice, to receive from them (the Parliament) their resolutions concerning their goeing thither.” [Record Edition of Acts of Parliament of Scotland, vol. vi. part 2, Appendix.] The “positive injunctions to settle courts of justice (as they call it) in Scotland and Ireland,” point the same way. And from Baillie, vol. iii. p. 209, under date May 18, 1652, it appears that George Smith, Esq. and Edward Moseley, Esq., were two of the English Judges or Commissioners appointed “for the administration of justice in civil cases in Scotland.” The last sentence of the letter must, one would think, refer to these judges. Moreover, supposing the “Lord General” to mean Cromwell, the letter must have been written before December, 1653, for from that time he was “Lord Protector.”

On the other hand several thiDgs point to 1660. Lauderdale and Crawford were in London then, and at liberty, and had but lately gone there, which falls in with “ready to dissolve before we came hither.” But in 1651 onwards they were prisoners, and on Dec. 17, 1663, Lauderdale tells Baillie that he does not meddle with public concerns. The “late hous, which was ready to dissolve,” and which knew that its power would expire before June, and was “limited as to its proceedings,” can hardly refer to any but the Long Parliament. The tone of the references to the general moreover seems to suit Monk better than Cromwell. “What Scotland is most concerned in,” sounds like the Eestoration. There was, too, good reason why jealousy should be roused in 1660 by the “publick appearing heir of any from Scotland,” but none in 1653. The advice not to stirre till the “great end call for it as absolutely necessary,” and the rest of the passage, are in the same direction. Moreover, in 23113, f. 93, dated April 19, 1660, Rothes speaks of judges as then coming down. Finally there is no mention of the debtor and creditor matter as early as 1652, nor before Feb. 165¾, while it was a matter of division arid trouble in Feb. 1660.

^{page 9 note a} The harshness of the law of Scotland in the matter of debtor and creditor was keenly felt in consequence of the impoverishment of the country by the war. The first notice of it in the English Parliament was in Feb. 165¾, and on May 16, 1654, an ordinance was passed for the better moderating the severity of the proceedings which, by the laws of Scotland, are had by creditors against their debtors. It was again brought up in April 1655, and March 165⅞, and was still unsettled in 1660. On July 12, 1661, however, it was ordained by the Parliament of Scotland (in consideration of “the troubles and difficulties of the tyme”) “that for all sums and debts contracted before the tyme of Witsnnday 1658 years, & exceeding 1000 pund Scots of principall, personal execution shall be forborne by the space of six years,” &c (Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, vii. 317).

^{page 10 note a} Balgonie, nephew of Rothes.

^{page 10 note b} James Sharp and Lauderdale were both in London in April, 1660.

^{page 10 note c} ?

^{page 10 note d} Rothes had two sisters: (1) Margaret, married successively to James, Lord Balgonie (died 1642); to Francis, Earl of Buccleugh (died 1651); and to David, Earl of Wemys. (2) Mary, married to Hugh, Earl of Eglinton. It is the former who is meant.

^{page 11 note a} Cardross.

^{page 11 note b} Sir Charles Cootes

^{page 11 note c} Clotworthy.

^{page 11 note d} Glencairn. For the disreputable offence for which Rothes was imprisoned at Edinburgh in June, 1658, see Baillie, , iii. 367.Google Scholar

^{page 12 note a} ? seeming rise.

^{page 12 note b} Of London, after Worcester.

^{page 12 note c} Burnet, i. Sect. 104. He was made Clerk-Register at the Restoration, which answers to our Master of the Rolls.

^{page 13 note a} The friendship between Charles and Lauderdale was therefore already very close.

^{page 14 note a} Brother of James Sharp. He was Lauderdale's confidential agent in Scotland.

^{page 14 note b} ? Selkirk, afterwards Duke of Hamilton, by his marriage with the heiress of the Hamilton family, who by her father's patent was Duchess of Hamilton.

^{page 15 note a} By 23113, f. 80, which contains the minutes of Sederunts of Commissioners of the Nobles, Shires, and Boroughs, at Edinburgh, 2 Feb. 6 April, 1660, it appears that the Commissioners were Glencairn, Hume, Mungo, Murray, Hurie, and Carden.

^{page 15 note b} This seems to settle the date of 23113, f. 84, as 1660.

^{page 15 note c} Lady Margaret Kennedy.

^{page 16 note a} See p. 88.

^{page 16 note b} A fool's censure.

^{page 17 note c} ? John Davidson, writer of the following letter.

^{page 21 note a} Baillie, , iii. 439Google Scholar: “Our nobles, by his allowance, but without all engagement, sent Major Buntein to Breda, where the king was, with his sister, in a very hard condition.”

^{page 23 note a} James Sharp. See following letter from Sharp

^{page 24 note a} Formerly Professor of Ecclesiastical History in St. Mary's College. He obtained the Proyostship in 1657.

^{page 28 note a} Preceded by a formal letter.

^{page 31 note a} There are several letters concerning this intrusion of Whichcot in the Calendar of State Papers (Domestic Series, Charles II.), in vol. 7, Nos. 124, 125, and vol. 9, Nos. 93, 94, 95. He appears to have secured his election by free corruption of the younger fellows.

^{page 32 note a} Pseudonym for Anne Maitland, Countess of Lauderdale. Baillie addresses Lauderdale and Balcarres as John and William Reid, and Mr. Red is the name by which the tormer is called in William Sharp's private letters.

^{page 33 note a} At Stirling.

^{page 33 note b} This jealousy occurs continually in the correspondence.

^{page 33 note c} In answer the King promises to remove the forces as soon as possible, and orders the 1651 Committee of Estates to meet on August 23.

^{page 33 note d} One of the framers of the National Covenant and a Commissioner to the Westminster A ssembly. He was a member of Cromwell's House of Peers, and, after the dissolution of the Parliament, became the chairman of his Council. For his trial and execution see later letters.

^{page 35 note a} See Burnet, i. Sect 112, and Mackenzie's Memoirs, p. 16Google Scholar. Wodrow, , i. 71.Google Scholar

^{page 36 note a} See above, 23113, f, 66. Douglas was associated with Sharp to represent the Revolutioners in London, but was craftily induced by the latter to stay in Scotland that he might have a free field.

^{page 38 note a} He writes an abominable hand.

^{page 40 note a} See Note to Letter V.

^{page 41 note a} Patrick Drummond was a Presbyterian minister in London. How these letters came into Lauderdale's possession is not stated. But they are evidently written on the supposition that Lauderdale was likely to see them; and from a note by Drummond to a letter following it seems clear that he sent them on with certain passages marked, so as to catch Lauderdale's eye. See footnote to p. 60.

^{page 42 note a} August, 1650. He renounced Popery and Prelacy, and declared he would “have no enemies but the enemies of the Covenant, and no friends but the friends of the Covenant.”

^{page 45 note a} I am unable to settle to whom this pseudonym refers: it occurs in later letters, but not so as to give a clue.

^{page 46 note a} See Wodrow, vol. i. p. 80.

^{page 47 note a} Of the Church.

^{page 47 note b} Lauderdale.

^{page 51 note a} It is worthy of notice that throughout this letter Sharp is careful to regard the whole question of change of Church government purely from the political side. It would not have snited him, in a letter for Lauderdale's eye, to have suggested the Jus Divinum, even if he had believed in it. Nor does he, though careful to save appearances, actually condemn Episcopacy.

^{page 52 note a} This long letter is evidently written to throw dust in the eyes of Presbyterians. Sharp does not commit himself in a single line.

^{page 56 note a} In this letter Sharpe comes out in his real colours. The letter is a private one, to Lauderdale, and his fierce hatred of the Protesters and entire want of scruple hare full expression. It seems to have escaped the notice of Mr. Burton, who in vol. vii. of his History of Scotland, pp. 409Google Scholar, seq. quotes from succeeding letters.

^{page 60 note a} It will be noticed that in this and in succeeding letters of Sharp to Drummond marginal marks occur. These appear to have been made for Lauderdale's convenience, to whom the letters found their way. This is clear from 23115, f. 113, which contains extracts in unknown, perhaps Drummond's, handwriting, from the letters beginning Dec. 13, 1660, and which is closed by the following note: “The large one of Decr 13 and of March 19 deserves all to be read over; the beginning of the places cited in the other paper is marked thus ; of this by the figures 1, 2, 3, in the margin of the letters.” I am disposed to think that the marginal marks were made at a later date, and not by Drummond. For the connection between Lauderdale and Drummond, see concluding sentence of letter, No. XL. p. 90.

^{page 62 note a} See his letters in Camden Miscellany for 1883.Google Scholar

^{page 62 note b} Robert Baillie.

^{page 62 note c} Principal of Glasgow University.

^{page 63 note a} The title “your grace” is curious.

^{page 63 note b} These Acts were framed by the writer. Burnet, vol. i. sect. 116.

^{page 63 note c} Aimed especially at the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643.

^{page 63 note d} Extraordinary Lords of Session were Lords of Parliament appointed by the Crown to sit and vote in court along with the permanent judges. The office was abolished in the tenth year of George II.

^{page 63 note e} On Sept. 19, 1660, a Proclamation was published against Rutherford's “Lex Rex,” and “The Causes of God's Wrath,” supposed to be written by James Guthrie.

^{page 64 note a} Mackenzie's Memoirs, pp. 47, 48. His estates had been forfaulted in 1650 on suspicion that he was in Cromwell's confidence and given to Lauderdale, in recompense for the rents of Brunstoun given to Swinton when Lauderdale himself was forfaulted by the English Parliament.

^{page 63 note b} Cromwell carried off the public records of Scotland. At the Restoration they were sent back, but the frigate which carried them was wrecked near Berwick.

^{page 65 note a} Professorship of Divinity at the New College of St. Andrew's.

^{page 65 note b} 23114, f. 90.

^{page 65 note c} Probably Lady Margaret Kennedy, the daughter of Cassilis, and second wife of Burnet. She was the staunchest of Presbyterians. His letters are printed in the Bannatyne Club publications.

^{page 66 note a} Rescinding all Acts since 1633.

^{page 66 note b} “A very rascal, Tom Sincerfe, the Diurnaller, a profane, atheistical Papist as some count him” (Baillie, , vol. iii. p. 468Google Scholar. He was the son of the old Bishop of Galloway. He afterwards opened a theatre in the Canongate with a company of comedians, and was the author of a play “Tarugo's Wiles,” printed in London 1668, 4to.

^{page 67 note a} Brother to Lord Athol.

^{page 71 note a} See note to preceding letter. The journal was called the “Mercurius Caledonius.”

^{page 72 note a} Sir J. Nisbit refused; Robert Sinclair, John Cunninghame, and George M'Kenzie were appointed by Parliament to defend him. Mackenzie's Memoirs, p. 34.Google Scholar

^{page 74 note a} Not true.

^{page 74 note b} They had been made Royal Chaplains.

^{page 77 note a} Of Galloway, removed to Orkney at this time.

^{page 79 note a} He was deposed from the ministry, and confined to Ormiston and six miles round. Hetherington's History of the Church of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 20.Google Scholar

^{page 81 note a} Secretary to Alexander Henderson, and clerk to the Commissioners who went to Charles I at the Isle of Wight. He afterwards betrayed the design. He was clerk to the Committee of both Kingdoms.—Mackenzie, p. 49, and letter LXX.

^{page 81 note b} Arnisaus (Henning) a German writer on politics and philosophy. His latest works are dated 1651.—Adeling's Allgemeines Gelehrten, Lexicon.

^{page 81 note c} Calamy refused a Bishopric.

^{page 81 note d} i.e., Anglican Bishops.

^{page 81 note e} Orme (Life and Times of Baxter, p. 263Google Scholar) says that Baxter preached once.

^{page 82 note a} Patrick Gillespie.

^{page 83 note a} Lazarus Seaman, Master of Peterhouse [?].

^{page 83 note b} 1650.

^{page 88 note a} Major-General; left in command by Monk.

^{page 83 note a} The affectation of injured innocence in this curt ‘Sir’ is delicious.

^{page 94 note a} Baillie and Lauderdale had formerly been on terms of the most intimate friendship. The references to Lauderdale in Baillie's letters are in terms of enthusiastic praise for his piety and devotion to the interests of the Presbyterian Church.

^{page 95 note a} He died in the following year.

^{page 97 note a} Of Fife, forcibly dissolved by Rothes, probably at Sharp's suggestion.

^{page 97 note b} He went up to London in May.

^{page 98 note a} Deputy Treasurer.

^{page 98 note b} This is the first hint of the plots that were being formed by Middleton to oust Lauderdale. The dispatch itself is in 23116, f. 86.

^{page 98 note c} William Sharp, brother of James Sharp, and Lauderdale's private agent in Scotland.

^{page 99 note a} Bellenden is throughout a firm adherent to Lauderdale's interest, probably because Middleton had supported the Register and the Advocate against him in a question of precedence.

^{page 99 note b} Cousin-german to Lauderdale; attached to the Presbyterian interest. Middleton procured his arrest on the ground that he had voted against Guthrie's execution He was released May, 1662. Mackenzie, , p. 60Google Scholar. His son afterwards married Lauderdale's only daughter.

^{page 104 note a} Scandalously abused by Middleton.

^{page 105 note a} Rothes

^{page 105 note b} ? Newburgh, who had been Lauderdale's rival for the Secretaryship; or Primrose, or Tarbet. See 23117, ff. 82 b, 92 b.

^{page 106 note a} Here begin the letters concerned with the Billeting affair. This is the first haying the priyate mark under the signature W. S. which informed Lauderdale that there was writing in sympathetic ink on the other side. An asterisk is placed to represent the mark.

^{page 108 note b} Middleton.

^{page 109 note a} Burnet and Mackenzie say that Crawford was excepted. But William Sharp had private information, and was probably right.

^{page 109 note b} ?

^{page 109 note c} And was.

^{page 109 note d} Tarbet, Richmond, and Newburgh.

^{page 109 note e} Charles ?

^{page 110 note a} Aimed at Lauderdale, who had appeared in favour of Lorn; see following letter.

^{page 110 note b} 23117, f. 79.

^{page 110 note c} i.e. sympathetic ink.

^{page 110 note d} Since it was sent by special bearer, sympathetic ink was not used.

^{page 110 note e} ? Lord Crawford, who was with Lauderdale at this time.

^{page 111 note a} Middleton.

^{page 111 note b} Richmond.

^{page 111 note c} Urquhart of Cromartie, cousin of Sir G. Mackenzie, of Tarbet.

^{page 111 note d} Glencairn.

^{page 111 note e} Wishart, formerly chaplain to Montrose, a nominee of Middleton.

^{page 112 note a} Through his brother James, one of the scrutineers ?

^{page 112 note b} Burnet, sect. 151. Lord Lorne's messenger arrived three days before Tarbet.

^{page 112 note c} Charles II.

^{page 112 note a} ? See 23119, f. 28.

^{page 112 note b} See previous note.

^{page 114 note a} There were others of the same name.

^{page 114 note b} Clerk to the Committee of both kingdoms on the occasion of the giving up of Charles I. to the English Parliament. See 23118, f. 8. See Mackenzie's Memoirs, p. 49.

^{page 114 note c} For his share in giving up Charles I. to the English, see 23119, f. 78.

^{page 115 note a} Mackenzie, , p. 66.Google Scholar

^{page 115 note b} Newburgh went alone.

^{page 115 note c} Sir J. Fletcher, Advocate.

^{page 116 note a} Earl Rothes.

^{page 117 note a} The Earl of Selkirk, son of the Marquis of Douglas, married Anne, eldest surviving daughter of James, 1st Duke of Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton in her own right. On the Restoration, in consequence of a petition from the Duchess, he was created Duke of Hamilton for life.

^{page 117 note b} Richmond.

^{page 117 note c} Appears to be Middleton.

^{page 117 note d} Sir Robert Moray.

^{page 118 note a} ? Middleton, or Clarendon.

^{page 118 note b} Clarendon.

^{page 119 note a} Primrose. See 23118, ff. 8, 9, 10

^{page 119 note b} See 23117, f. 80.

^{page 120 note a} Clerk to the Council.

^{page 121 note a} Possibly refers to a rising at this date mentioned by Pepys.

^{page 121 note b} Tweeddale.

^{page 121 note c} 23117, f. 106.

^{page 121 note d} Perhaps the greatest difficulty in the way of Landerdale's ambition was want of funds, especially when Lady Castlemaine was in the question.

^{page 124 note a} From Ireland.

^{page 125 note a} 23118, f. 8. Mackenzie (p. 49) says that it was reported that Sir John Chieslie gave these papers to Middleton, that the latter handed them to Lauderdale upon their agreement in 1670, and that they were then burnt. But from 23118, f. 8, they appear to have been only copies, “unauthenticated doubles.”

^{page 127 note a} See Note^a, p. 81.

^{page 127 note b} See 23117, f. 98, and 23118, ff. 9 and 10.

^{page 128 note a} Bellenden. See ante, 23118, ff. 3, i.

^{page 129 note a} Middleton.

^{page 132 note a} The order for this Proclamation was procured by Lauderdale's influence. It superseded the Act for Fining till further order. Middleton's high-handed attempt to evade it was the proximate cause of his fall.

^{page 132 note b} Sir J. Fletcher.

^{page 133 note a} ?

^{page 133 note b} Middleton.

^{page 134 note a} Glencairn.

^{page 134 note b} See 23119, f. 28, and 23120, f. 121.

^{page 134 note c} Lauderdale has come to Scotland to sift the Billeting matter, and secure the completion of Middleton's downfall. Moray's appointment as Deputy-Secretary during Lauderdale's absence is dated 1663, June 5.

^{page 135 note b} Eothes succeeded Middleton.

^{page 136 note a} The Editor owes a deep debt of gratitude to Charles II. for this hint, which Lauderdale took.

^{page 137 note a} Afterwards Lord Arlington.

^{page 137 note b} See 23119, f. 44, ante.

^{page 138 note a} Crawford, cf. ante, 23119, f. 44.

^{page 138 note b} One of the numerous indications that at this time Landerdale, Moray, and Scotch generally, kept entirely aloof from English public affairs.

^{page 139 note a} Into the Billeting affair.

^{page 139 note b} Descendant of the Lord Sanquhar, hung in 1612, June 29, for the murder of a fencing-master who had accidentally put out one of his eyes.

^{page 140 note a} Glencairn. See 23119, f. 28.

^{page 140 note b} Expressing his displeasure at the Billeting Act. Mackenzie, p. 117.

^{page 141 note a} Newburgh.

^{page 142 note a} A dependent of Lauderdale, and member of the House of Commons.

^{page 143 note b} Count Schomberg, with English help, defeated Don John of Austria. Two years later the battle of Villaviciosa finally secured the independence of Portugal.

^{page 143 note c} French Ambassador in London.

^{page 143 note a} See the skilful use made by Moray of this information, 23119, f. 67.

^{page 145 note a} He was kidnapped in Prance. See Burnet, i. sect. 198.

^{page 145 note b} It is asserted, probably without foundation, that means had bean taken to destroy his faculties by drugs.

^{page 145 note c} See ante, 23119, f. 54.

^{page 147 note a} Cf. 23117, ff. 79, 80, 81. This accounted for Crawfurd being ‘delivered.’ See Mackenzie's Memoirs.

^{page 147 note b} See Camden Miscellany for 1883.Google Scholar

^{page 148 note a} Duntermline.

^{page 150 note a} Lauderdale's residence.

^{page 153 note a} See ante, 23119, f. 62.

^{page 153 note b} Waristoun.

^{page 154 note a} When lay patronage was abolished.

^{page 155 note a} Burnet, i. sect. 154.

^{page 156 note a} The historian.

^{page 156 note b} One of the Scotch Commissioners to London in 1639 and 1640, and Commissioner for Treaty of Ripon. High Commissioner to the General Assembly in 1642. At the Restoration he was made a Privy Councillor; Extraordinary Lord of Session in 1669, and Privy Seal in 1671. Died in 1673.

^{page 157 note a} See 23119, f. 101.

^{page 158 note a} See Burnet, i. sect. 127. Neill McLeod of Assint.

^{page 158 note b} See Teviot's Letters, Camden Miscellany for 1883.Google Scholar

^{page 159 note a} Rupert.

^{page 159 note b} Who died shortly after birth.

^{page 160 note a} Which Lauderdale had earnestly pressed.

^{page 162 note a} See ante, 23119, f. 88. Passed on July 10. Fashioned on the Conventicle Act in England. Burnet, i. sect. 204.

^{page 163 note a} See erroneous note to Burnet, sect. 203.

^{page 163 note b} See ante, 23119, f. 88.

^{page 164 note a} These are included in the MSS. See also Mackenzie.

^{page 166 note a} Glencairn. Mackenzie's Memoirs.

^{page 167 note a} ‘Leasing making’ was high treason. See Burnet, i. sect. 148, for the precedent in the case of Lord Lorn.

^{page 168 note a} He resigned Jan. 5, 1664. See 23121, f. 2.

^{page 169 note a} This is the first hint of the kind. See 23119, f. 173.

^{page 172 note a} This command was bestowed upon him at the Restoration, when Landerdale obtained the Secretaryship over his head.

^{page 174 note a} Landerdale had hurt his hand by a fall.

^{page 175 note a} See ante, letter LVIII.

^{page 176 note a} See Burnet, i. sect. 149. See 23119, f. 140.

^{page 176 note b} George Morley.

^{page 177 note a} See 23119, f. 144.

^{page 179 note a} The records of the Billeting Act were erased.

^{page 180 note a} See 23119, f. 144.

^{page 180 note b} Primrose.

^{page 181 note a} See last clause of 23119, f. 159.

^{page 181 note b} A favourite simile with Charles II.

^{page 182 note a} See Burnet, i. sect. 205.

^{page 183 note a} Declaring his dislike of the Billeting Act.

^{page 185 note a} See Burnet, i. sect. 208.

^{page 185 note b} Burnet, i. sect. 208.

^{page 191 note a} This resignation marks the completion of Landerdale's triumph. Rothes succeeded Middleton in these offices. Middleton afterwards was Governor of Tangiers, and died in 1673.

^{page 193 note a} Colin, 3rd Earl, born about 1652. He went to London in 1668, and was at once taken into favonr through Lauderdale's influence. For his career see Douglas, Peerage of Scotland.

^{page 194 note a} Burnet, Archbp. of Glasgow, writing to Sheldon on Feb. 27, 1664, says, “I find that in our absence the spirits of our discontented persons are much heightened, & that their impudence & insolences are great; how much they are countenanced & encouraged by some who have pretended to your Lp. to be our great patrons and patriots I am ashamed to relate.”—(Sheldon MSS.)

^{page 195 note a} There is no letter from Sharp to Sheldon in the Sheldon MSS. before June, 1664.

^{page 195 note b} Rothes.

^{page 195 note c} See Note to preceding letter.

^{page 196 note a} Mrs. Gillespie (?), see Letter XVIII.: or “the enthusiastic woman” mentioned by Mackenzie (p. 48), “who prophesied much in favours of the covenant,” to whom Chieslie had been Secretary.

^{page 196 note b} Letter LXIV.

^{page 196 note c} See Wodrow for this paper, included also in these MSS.; also a letter from Alexander Burnet, Archbishop of Glasgow, for May 2, 1664, in the Sheldon MSS. (Bodleian Library).

^{page 197 note a} Alexander Burnet, writing on May 2, 1664, says, “Our proceedings in the Commission and the care we took to — our fanatique interest made 7 or 8 of our grandees in Glasgow take leave of the country, and make a visit to their distressed brethren in Amsterdam, with purpose not to return till Presbyterianism be rampant.”—(Sheldon MSS.)

^{page 197 note b} Acts of Parliament of Scotland, vol. vii. p. 455.

^{page 199 note a} Glencairn died May 29 or 30; see 23122, f. 39. The place was not filled up until June 1667, in spite of urgent requests from Eothes, Bellenden, and others, when Rothes was made Chancellor for life. There is no doubt that Sharp tried hard for the place, and great influence was used with Archbishop Sheldon to secure an appointment favourable to the Church, See A. Burnet's letters for June 19 and July 16, 1664, in the Sheldon MSS., in which he urges delay until the Archbishop's interests hare been well considered.

^{page 199 note b} Spottiswood.

^{page 200 note a} The “batill” referred to was (according to Wodrow) an unprovoked attack by Middleton, when Major-General under the Duke of Hamilton, upon an unarmed company of country people who had met there for religious services.—(Wodrow, vol. i. p. 89.) Baillie gives a different account, and, doubtless, the correct one.—Letters and Journals, vol. iii. p. 49.

^{page 200 note b} Hon. Charles Maitland, of Haltoun, or Hatton.

^{page 201 note a} As Rothes elsewhere expresses it, “that they may fish in troubled waters.”

^{page 201 note b} The Middleton faction.

^{page 201 note c} See 23119, f. 88^bante.

^{page 202 note a} Lauderdale and Moray were on terms of intimacy both with the Duchess and her sister. In the correspondence with Moray they are frequently spoken of as “our two wires.”

^{page 202 note b} Hamilton's great object in these years was to restore the shattered fortunes of the family. It will be seen later that with this end in view he secnred a collectorship of the taxes with the help of Rothes, who, it was said, was to hare half the profits. This narrowness of fortune made him amenable to Lauderdale's discipline. Later on we find Charles, at Lauderdale's instance, reproving him for drunkenness.

^{page 204 note a} Of church affairs. See 23122, f. 313.

^{page 204 note b} Sir John Gilmour.

^{page 204 note c} Sir John Fletcher.

^{page 206 note a} Of fines.

^{page 207 note a} All who had been fined were required to bring in one moiety of their fines; but the other moiety was forgiven those who took the declaration renouncing the covenant.

^{page 208 note a} This commission was appointed at Sharp's instance. See Burnet, i. sect. 206.

^{page 208 note b} Compare with this the following from Lady Margaret Kennedy to Lauderdale for the same date:—“For God's sake endeavour to persuade the King to part with Bishops or I much fear we will all be lost. They are now hated, and hated by all as much as by Presbyterians.” (Ballantyne Club Publications.)

^{page 209 note a} curb.

^{page 210 note a} Containing Charles's instructions that money was to be raised for support of more troops, and the promise of a large supply ot arms and ammunition “from beyond sea.”

^{page 210 note b} See two preceding letters, which should be compared as well as Tweeddale's following. There was a third letter of same date, which I have not thought necessary to include. In his letter of the 23rd March (f. 349) he says: “As I houp to be seavied, this countrie is so exoustid that they are not in a capacitie to du anything as tu munie, bot God help us.” The money raised by the fines was finally used for the purpose, to the angry disappointment of the broken cavaliers, for whose relief it had been intended. Burnet says (i. sect. 214) that this was at Sharp's suggestion.

^{page 211 note a} Raised first in 1661 by an excise on beer and ale. The consequent rise in price of beer and ale caused a great fall in price of victual, according to Rothes, and therefore great agricultural distress.

^{page 211 note b} This illustrates the distinction between the English and Scotch restorations. In England the Indemnity Act was passed at once; Charles would not have kept the Crown otherwise. Here he was strong enough to hold it over, interrorem, and as a means of extorting money.

^{page 211 note c} Privateers. ‘Capier’ (Low German ‘Kaper’) is the ship, ‘Capierer’ the person.

^{page 212 note a} Seaforth or Rothes was clearly lying. See last letter.

^{page 214 note a} In February, 1665, Alex. Burnet writes—“All the forces out of Edinburgh, Stirling, & Dumbarton, are but 600 horse & foot; all the arms and amunition would not provide 600 more” (Sheldon MSS.) “This disarming of the west” seems to have been as much to get a supply of arms as for anything else.

^{page 214 note b} Cupar Race, I interpret this to be.

^{page 214 note c} Cf. Wodrow, , p. 421Google Scholar

^{page 215 note a} Cf. Burnet to Sheldon for Feb. 5, 1666. Sheldon MSS. “The least commotion in England or Ireland or enconragement from foreigners abroad would certainly engage us in a new rebellion. We are too much of a French temper, apt to pursue anything that is new with vehemency and heat, but a little time cooleth our courage and taketh off our fiery edge. Our discontents ere many, our povertie great, it is impossible for his Majesty to satisfy our desires and our necessitous condition maketh us apt to catch at everything.” “As his M's difficulties grow with foreigners abroad, so our discontents rise higher at home.”

^{page 215 note b} In order to obtain supplies for the Dutch war.

^{page 216 note a} Sharp writing to Sheldon at this date says, “Those ill-disposed persons have too much matter to work upon by the poverty and discontent of many of our nobility and gentry.”

^{page 216 note b} These forts were built against the Dutch. Later on a letter says, “The Shetlanders are all for the Dutch.”

^{page 217 note a} See on this also Burnet to Sheldon, April 18, 1665. Sheldon MSS.

^{page 217 note b} Sharp also, writing in this month to Sheldon, says, “If there be a rubb (with the Dutch) we must expect to meet with greater difficulties and danger than is imagined.” Sheldon MSS.

^{page 217 note c} Burnet is more thorough, and urges the securing of all leading persons, likely to bear ill-will, before the fleet engage. Bnrnet to Sheldon, April 18, 1665. Sheldon MSS.

^{page 218 note a} On June 3, Lauderdale wrote that the fleets were engaged, and Rothes at once got ready to secure all suspected persons. The list of those secured when the time came (June, '66) is in Wodrow.

^{page 219 note a} This letter is interesting when read by the light of one from Margaret Kennedy to Lauderdale for March 11, 1665. “I hear B. is in high snuffe when any word is insinuate of his obligation to L., and denyes it: he is so to none but to the king's friendship, nor does he doubt that the king hath more kindness than for you—so sure R. is to stand only on his own leg.” I have no doubt whatever, from Lauderdale's action in similar cases, that this reproof for drunkenness was only a gentle pull on the checkstrings. For Rothes' drinking habits, see Burnet. See letter XIX., Note^h, and 23126, f. 112.

^{page 220 note a} commerce.

^{page 221 note a} “How handsomely they begin to stone ministers eren at the gates of Edinburgh under my L^d Comm^rs nose.” Burnet to Sheldon, May 22, 1665. Sheldon MSS. See also Wodrow, , i. p. 422.Google Scholar

^{page 221 note b} Boors.

^{page 221 note c} See p. 211, note^c.

^{page 222 note a} Ayr, Renfrew,

^{page 222 note b} Sharp and Burnet, writing to Sheldon, scout the idea of a mere disarming being of use.

^{page 223 note a} Wodrow, , i. p. 433Google Scholar, understates the case.

^{page 223 note b} The alliance between Rothes and the two Archbishops is now cordial. Burnet writing to Sheldon in February says, “My L^d Commiss^r pretends great readiness to do whatever my L^d S^r Andrews and I advyse him.”

^{page 224 note a} On Sept. 4, 1665, Burnet writes from Salisbury,“The K. hath not yet nominated a chancellor, but told me that he thought the person whom I recommended to him wonld prove the fittest. I find, thongh he be Lauderdale's kinsman, he (L) doth not at all relish it; but I feare doth what he can to stifle any such motion, which obligeth me to assure y^r Lordship that if either my L S^t Andrews or he be not preferred to that charge our friends who are already much discouraged will in a short tyme be utterly destroyed.” Sheldon MSS.

^{page 225 note a} This letter, compared with that which follows, shows the absence of harmony between the views of Rothes, Lord Treasurer, and his deputy, Bellenden. Bellenden urges one method which he knows Lauderdale favours, and notes the fact that Sharp is caballing with Dumfries, one of the Billeting faction, against it: while Rothes urges the other, and implores Lauderdale to make Sharp chancellor.

^{page 225 note b} ‘Cess’ was land-tax, simply; a ‘taxation’ had a wider range and might be laid on cattle, produce, and other sorts of property. The Church always bore a heavy share of taxations.

^{page 227 note a} See Burnet, , vol. i. p. 213.Google Scholar

^{page 227 note b} See Letter CXIII. This one is preceded by a touching appeal from his mother. The family were at length relieved in January, 1666.

^{page 228 note a} S'il arrive jamais d'être notre garde dn sceau je crains.

^{page 228 note b} De grace soulagez. Bellenden's hatred of Sharp now begins to find keen though scarcely intelligible expression.

^{page 228 note c} It was shortly before this that the breach between Lauderdale and Sharp, related by Burnet (vol. i. p. 212), had taken place. Kincardine was in Lauderdale's confidence. This accounts for these letters finding their way to the latter. The cause of them was, apparently, that the Prelates were trying violent measures, that Kincardine, with others of Landerdale's party, opposed them, and that Sharp had thereupon charged him with being a friend to the enemies of the Church.

Sharp's reply is an admirable example of his usual mixture of bluster and dissimulation. On Sept. 4, 1665, Alexander Burnet, writing to Sheldon from Salisbury, says: “Your Grace seeth that by Lauderdale & Sir R. Moray and their emissaries all Scots affairs are managed here, & their correspondents in Scotland are Argyle, Tweeddale, Kincairne, Crawford, &c., and, if they can draw in my L. Commr. by this match between the Earl of Loudun and his niece, I am confident not a person in Scotland will have the confidence to contradict or oppose them.”

^{page 229 note a} e.g. Sharp himself.

^{page 234 note a} This mention of the women as taking the lead in disaffection occurs frequently, and makes Mause Headrigge a reality.

^{page 235 note a} For the close connection between Scotch and Irish Presbyterianism, see Reid's Hist. of Presbyterianism in, Ireland.

^{page 235 note b} Rothes had sent Sir James Turner, whose exactions were the immediate cause of the outbreak. His reports of his own discomfiture, and, later, the trial of his conduct, are in the MSS. This letter shows either Rothes' ignorance of the state of the west, or, more probably, his desire to conceal it. In a previous letter, however, he mentions “on conventickiell cipt in Gallaway wher ther wear abuff a thousand men, and as many of them had sourda and guns as wantied them.”

^{page 236 note a} The Pentland Rebellion took place in November of this year.

^{page 236 note b} At the forts.

^{page 237 note a} Note this frequently expressed sympathy with the Dutch. Holland was the only outlet for Scotch trade.

^{page 237 note b} Burnet says that this was at Sharp's suggestion. It was a terrible blow to the broken Scotch nobles, whose whole hope had rested on the chance of a share in the fines. Dalyell and Drummond took the command at the beginning of August. The forces were raised, ostensibly, to secure Scotland against the Dutch.

^{page 238 note a} The Debtor and Creditor Act ceased to operate after 1664.

^{page 238 note b} In the Militia Act of 1669 Lauderdale carefully left out what he calls “the odious penaltie of quartiring.”

^{page 240 note a} The marriage of his daughter and heiress, Mary, to Tweeddale's son, Lord Yester.

^{page 240 note b} Sharp endeavoured to bring about an alliance between Rothes and Middleton. See following letters, and Burnet i. sect. 213, for his discomfiture. To diminish or break down Lauderdale's power was the great object of the Church party.

^{page 241 note a} By James Sharp.

^{page 242 note a} Cf. Letter cxxix.

^{page 242 note b} This was, doubtless, Sharp's design in urging the raising of the forces; though Charles's object was ostensibly only to secure Scotland against attack from Holland. Burnet, i. 214.

^{page 242 note a} See Wodrow, vol. ii. p. 15. All heritors and landlords were made answerable for their tenants, and the magistrates of burghs for the inhabitants.

^{page 243 note a} Wodrow, vol. ii. p. 3.

^{page 243 note b} C'est á cette heure on jamais.

^{page 244 note a} See 23125, f. 84, and Burnet, i. 213.

^{page 244 note b} See last letter, Note^c.

^{page 244 note c} The scheme of making Tweeddale Chancellor seems to have been unknown to Burnet.

^{page 245 note a} See Letter LIV. and following.

^{page 245 note b} Of giving information about the billeting or of the present disclosure? If the former, it tends to relieve Sharp from the imputation which I have suggested on p. 112, Note^a.

^{page 245 note c} In a letter to Sheldon on Nov. 27, 1666, Burnet says: “Many things in this rising look like a design, but I shall suspect no man.” And he expresses his belief that the rebels have acted in correspondence with England and Ireland.

^{page 248 note a} Eat éventé = “has got wind.”

^{page 248 note b} Alexander Burnet, in all the familiar correspondence with Lauderdale, goes by the nicknames of “Nez Long,” and “Longif acies,” or “L. F.”

^{page 248 note c} Dalyell? I do not understand the illusion.

^{page 248 note d} Servez vous en.

^{page 248 note e} Sans faire mention.

^{page 250 note a} One of the ministers from Ireland.

^{page 251 note a} Vastly exaggerated; cf. Wodrow.

^{page 252 note a} Rullion green:

^{page 253 note a} Rothes had hurt his arm by a fall on his way from England, and was obliged to use a borrowed hand. This accounts for the good spelling.

^{page 256 note a} In the letter preceding this Rothes says: “It is not possibell sum of us can be more sever and vayolant aganst thos dogs than I am and has been alredie,” and adds that he is using “perffit severatie and spearing non.”

^{page 258 note a} Masterton's Tavern, where consultations over the Billeting conspiracy were held. Mackenzie, , p. 89Google Scholar, and Letter LXXXII.

^{page 258 note b} Lord Yester, son of the Earl of Tweeddale, and Lady Mary Maitland, only daughter and heiress of Landerdale.

^{page 258 note c} This letter gives an admirable account of the endeavour of the Church and military parties to encroach upon the rights of the Exchequer. It probably had much to do with the temporary disgrace of Sharp in the beginning of 1667, for which see Burnet.

^{page 259 note a} Bellenden's manner in council is elsewhere described as extremely violent.

^{page 259 note b} i. e., to secure the support of the army for the Church.

^{page 261 note a} Rothes elsewhere speaks of “Cintayr” as a “nest of eneaffs.”

^{page 262 note a} The rest of this letter urges Lauderdale to ignore the claims of the members of the College of Justice to exemption from taxation as Toted by the Convention.

^{page 267 note a} Drumlanrig.

^{page 268 note a} See letter clxxix.

^{page 269 note a} In place of James Sharp, who at this time was being unmercifnlly snubbed.

^{page 270 note a} Tullibardine.

^{page 272 note a} Maintenance was a sum raised for the maintenance of the Army. It was voted by the Convention in response to an urgent appeal from the king dated December 27, 1666, in which he says, “We know that the old way by taxations is the most legall, yet we doubt it will take so much tyme in collecting that it cannot answere this exigencie: thairfore we earnestlie recommend it to you to take the most easie and expedite way of raiseing money for this so necessary work.” Colleges and hospitals were not obliged to subscribe. This was in addition to £480,000 (Scots) granted by the late Parliament to the king yearly during his life-time, and £133,000 (Scots) granted by the late Convention yearly for five years.

^{page 274 note a} James Sharp.

^{page 274 note b} Middleton.

^{page 274 note c} Morton.

^{page 274 note d} A foreign ship which came ashore.

^{page 275 note a} Rothes and Bellenden.

^{page 275 note b} Tweeddale.

^{page 275 note c} But see what Sharp says about Tweeddale to Sheldon. [Sheldon MS.]

^{page 275 note d} Drommond.

^{page 275 note e} Rothes ? or Dalyell.

^{page 276 note a} Rothes.

^{page 276 note b} Middleton.

^{page 276 note c} Cf. Lady Margaret Kennedy (Bannatyne Club Publications). The ‘he's’ and «him's’ are confusing.

^{page 276 note d} Burnet.

^{page 276 note e} Drummond.

^{page 276 note f} Archbishop Sheldon at Lambeth.

^{page 276 note g} Tweeddale.

^{page 278 note a} Hamilton.

^{page 280 note a} Probably intentional: Rothes notes the burden the prisoners are to the place in his letter of Feb. 9.

^{page 282 note a} Rothes writes on May 25: “Ther is so perfayt a hetred betwixt the wast cuntrie, I min the evill affecktid, and the sogiers.”

^{page 282 note b} Robert Moray.

^{page 283 note a} i.e. that Lauderdale is to be Commissioner.

^{page 283 note b} Rothes.

^{page 285 note a} Probably “A True Representation of the Rise, Progress, and State of the Present Divisions of the Church of Scotland.” See Baillie, vol. iii. pp. 344, 352Google Scholar. Sharp was at this time in London as agent of the Resolntioners, doing his best to counteract the influence of Warriston. Lauderdale was a prisoner in Windsor Castle.

^{page 285 note b} Crawford, Sinclair.

^{page 290 note a} It must be remembered that Landerdale was supposed at this time to be acting strictly in the interests of the Kirk.

^{page 293 note a} In 1663 the constitution of the Articles was again altered by Lauderdale in such & way that they became practically merely a Court of Registry of the King's wishes, independent of Parliament itself. See Letters LXXIX. and LXXXI.

^{page 294 note a} Anglice swelled.

^{page 295 note a} See Note to Letter xin.