Article contents
In Praise of the Humanities in Academic Medicine
Values, Metrics, and Ethics in Uncertain Times
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 August 2013
Abstract
![Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'](https://static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS0963180113000200/resource/name/firstPage-S0963180113000200a.jpg)
- Type
- Special Section: Open Forum
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013
References
Notes
1. Wear, D, Zarconi, J, Garden, R, Jones, T. Reflection in/and writing: Pedagogy and practice in medical education. Academic Medicine 2012;87(5):603–9, at 603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Leeman, CP. Ethics consultation masking psychiatric issues in medicine. Archives of Internal Medicine 1995;155(16):1715–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Cech, TR. Science at liberal arts colleges: A better education? Daedalus 1999;128(1):195–216Google Scholar. In addition to the more empirical argument made in his Daedalus article, Cech expresses his own personal appreciation of the humanities in this quotation taken from his autobiography on the Nobel Prize website. Cech T. Thomas R Cech-Autobiography; 1989; available at http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1989/cech.html (last accessed 5 June 2013).
4. Snow, CP. The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1959.Google Scholar
5. Fins, JJ, de Melo Martin, I, eds. Perspectives on C.P. Snow’s The Two Cultures, fifty years later. Technology in Society 2010;32(1):1–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Fins, JJ, de Melo Martin, I. C.P. Snow’s two cultures fifty years later: An enduring problem with an elusive solution. Technology in Society 2010;32(1):1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Fins, JJ. CP Snow at Wesleyan: Liberal learning and the origin of the “third culture.” Technology in Society 2010;32(1):10–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Snow, CP. The Two Cultures and a Second Look. New York: Mentor; 1964.Google Scholar
9. Plumb JH. C.P. Snow, a portrait of the scientist-novelist by a friend and Cambridge historian. Gentleman’s Quarterly [no date, circa 1960]. Wesleyan Archives.
10. Bush, V. Science, the Endless Frontier: A Report to the President on a Program for Postwar Scientific Research. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation; 1960.Google Scholar
11. Bayh-Dole Act (P.L. 96-517, Patent and Trademark Act Amendments of 1980). 37 C.F.R. 401 and 35 U.S.C. 200-212.
12. Greenberg, DS. The Politics of Pure Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1999.Google Scholar
13. Latour, B. Science in Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1987.Google Scholar
14. Trilling, L. Mathew Arnold. New York: Norton; 1939.Google Scholar
15. Nussbaum, M. Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2010, at 130.Google Scholar
16. One novel and notable exception to the quality of measure are the humanities indicators promulgated by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, which, through its mixed composition of scientists and humanists, appreciated the need to measure the humanities and to measure them correctly. Although these methods, described in an issue of Daedalus published in 2006, seek to assess the state of the humanities nationally and are not directly applicable to the medical humanities and medical context, they do point in a potentially productive direction for adaptation and emulation.
17. Randel, DM. The public good: Knowledge as a foundation for a democratic society. Daedalus 2009;138(1):8–12, at 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Cereste, HX, Fins, JJ. Common indications for ethics consults. In: McKean, SC, Ross, JJ, Dressler, DD, Brotman, DJ, Ginsberg, JS, eds. Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012:209–18.Google Scholar
19. Lindenauer, PK, Rothberg, MB, Pekow, PS, Kenwood, C, Benjamin, EM, Auerbach, AD. Outcomes of care by hospitalists, general internists, and family physicians. New England Journal of Medicine 2007;357:2589–600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Bosk, C. Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1979.Google Scholar
21. Zussman, R. Intensive Care: Medical Ethics and the Medical Profession. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1992.Google Scholar
22. Pirsig, RM. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics; 2005.Google Scholar
23. Hanna, M, Fins, JJ. Power and communication: Why simulation training ought to be complemented by experiential and humanist learning. Academic Medicine 2006;81:265–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Kaplan, J, ed. Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations. 17th ed. New York: Little, Brown; 2002, at 291.Google Scholar
25. Hermanns, W. Einstein and the Poet: In Search of the Cosmic Man. Brookline Village, MA: Branden Press; 1982, at 58.Google Scholar
26. Isaacson W. The genius of Jobs. The New York Times 2011 Oct 29.
27. Lehrer J. “Technology alone is not enough.” The New Yorker 2011 Oct 7.
28. Dawkins, R. The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.Google Scholar
29. Adams, F. Genuine Works of Hippocrates: Translated from the Greek with a Preliminary Discourse and Annotations. New York: William Wood; 1849.Google Scholar
30. Popper, K. Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. New York: Harper Torchbooks; 1963.Google Scholar
31. Lewis, S. Arrowsmith. New York: Signet Classics; 1998.Google Scholar
32. Rosenberg, CE. Martin Arrowsmith: The scientist as hero. American Quarterly 1963;15(3):447–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33. Bliss, M. William Osler: A Life in Medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1999.Google Scholar
34. Osler, W. The Old Humanities and the New Science. In: McGovern, J, Roland, C, eds. The Collected Essays of Sir William Osler; Volume 1. Birmingham: The Classics of Medicine Library; 1985, at 18.Google Scholar
35. See note 33, Bliss 1999, at 21.
36. See note 33, Bliss 1999, at 21.
37. See note 33, Bliss 1999, at 26.
38. See note 33, Bliss 1999.
39. See note 4, Snow 1959.
40. See note 5, Fins, de Melo Martin 2010.
41. See note 6, Fins, de Melo Martin 2010.
42. See note 9, Plumb 1960.
43. See note 5, Fins, de Melo Martin 2010.
44. See note 6, Fins, de Melo Martin 2010.
45. See note 7, Fins 2010.
46. See note 8, Snow 1964.
47. See note 8, Snow 1964.
48. See note 7, Fins 2010.
49. Fins, JJ. The humanities and the future of bioethics education. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2010;19(4):518–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50. Flexner, A. Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. New York: Carnegie Foundation; 1910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51. Doukas, DJ, McCullough, LB, Wear, S. Reforming medical education in ethics and humanities by finding common ground with Abraham Flexner. Academic Medicine 2010;85(2):318–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52. Cole, JR. The Great American University: Its Rise to Preeminence, Its Indispensable National Role, Why It Must Be Protected. New York: Public Affairs; 2009, at 321.Google Scholar
53. Pire G. Georges Pire—Nobel Lecture: Brotherly Love: Foundation of Peace; 1958; available at http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1958/pire-lecture.html (last accessed 31 Mar 2013).
- 12
- Cited by