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Can a Chimp Say “No”?

Reenvisioning Chimpanzee Dissent in Harmful Research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2014

Abstract:

Among the “hard cases” of captive animal research is the continued use of chimpanzees in harmful experimental science. In a recent article I contend that contemporary animal welfare science and chimpanzee behavioral studies permit, if not require, a reappraisal of the moral significance of chimpanzee dissent from participation in certain experiments. In what follows, I outline my earlier argument, provide a brief survey of some central concepts in pediatric research ethics, and use these to enrich an understanding of chimpanzee dissent useful for research ethics.

Type
Special Section: Neuroethics and Animals
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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References

Notes

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13. See note 1, Fenton 2012.

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23. See note 20, Baylis et al. 1999; see note 18, Diekema 2006; see note 20, Kon 2006.

24. See note 20, Kon 2006; Miller, VA, Drotar, D, Kodish, E. Children’s competence for assent and consent: A review of empirical findings. Ethics and Behavior 2004;14(3):255–95.Google Scholar

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26. See note 18, Diekema 2006.

27. See note 22, Baylis, Downie 2003.

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35. See note 18, Diekema 2006.

36. For examples, see note 20, Baylis et al. 1999 and Kon 2006; Leikin S. Minors’ assent, consent, or dissent to medical research. IRB: Ethics and Human Research 1993;15(2):1–7; see note 30, Meaux, Bell 2001.

37. See note 18, Diekema 2006.

38. See note 18, Diekema 2006.

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41. See note 36, Leikin 1993.

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49. See note 43, CRAPLA 2009; see note 14, IOM 2011.

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52. I was visiting a sanctuary for ex-biomedical chimpanzees when some other visitors elicited this reaction.

53. See note 1, Fenton 2012.

54. See note 33, Brosnan 2010; see note 16, de Waal 2005.

55. See note 33, Brosnan 2010; Menzel, EW. A group of young chimpanzees in a 1-acre field: Leadership and communication. In: Byrne, R, Whiten, A, eds. Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. New York: Clarendon Press; 1988:155–9.Google Scholar

56. See note 34, Bloomsmith, Else 2005; Laule, G. Positive reinforcement training for laboratory animals. In: Hubrecht, R, Kirkwood, J, eds. The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals. 8th ed. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell; 2010:206–18.Google Scholar

57. See note 45, Perlman et al. 2010.

58. See note 45, Bradshaw et al. 2008.

59. See note 3, Balls 1995; see note 3, Goodall 1995; see note 45, Bradshaw et al. 2008.

60. See note 34, Bloomsmith, Else 2005; see note 56, Laule 2010; see note 45, Perlman et al. 2010.

61. The discussions in DeGrazia and Walker are helpful here. See note 17.

62. See note 14, IOM 2011; see note 5, Knight 2008.

63. See note 14, IOM 2011.

64. Gagneux, P, Moore, JJ, Varki, A. The ethics of research on great apes. Nature 2005;437:27–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; see note 3, de Waal 2012.

65. I noted this problem in my previous article. See note 1, Fenton 2012.

66. Schuppli, CA, Fraser, D, McDonald, M. Expanding the Three Rs to meet new challenges in humane animal experimentation. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 2004;32:525–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

67. Again, I noted this problem in my previous article. See note 1, Fenton 2012.

68. Nelson, RJ, Mandrell, TD. Enrichment and nonhuman primates: “First, do no harm.” ILAR Journal 2005;46(2):171–7.Google Scholar

69. See note 45, Perlman et al. 2010.

70. See note 66, Schuppli et al. 2004.