Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T11:25:23.705Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Secrets of the Couch and the Grave: The Anne Sexton Case

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2009

Edmund D. Pellegrino
Affiliation:
Director of the Georgetown Center for the Advanced Study of Ethics and John Carroll Professor of Medicine and Medical Humanities, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Washington, DC.

Extract

In 1991, Diane Wood Middlebrook, a professor of English at Stanford University, published a biography of the poet Anne Sexton in which, among other things, she used as source material some 300 tapes of Sexton's psychotherapeutic sessions with her psychiatrist, Dr. Martin Orne. After some years of reluctance and with the concurrence of Sexton's daughter and literary executor, Linda Gray Sexton, Orne released the tapes to Professor Middlebrook. Middlebrook's picture of Sexton drew heavily on the tapes, supplemented by scrapbooks, letters, photos, clippings, unpublished poems, and hospital records.

Type
Special Section: Issues in Consent
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1. Middlebrook, DW. Anne Sexton, A Biography. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin, 1991.Google Scholar

2. Ablow, KR. Whose life is it, anyway? Keeping confidences shared in psychotherapy. Washington Post Health 1991;7:9, 24.Google Scholar

3. Burnam, JF. Secrets about patients. New England Journal of Medicine 1991;24:1130–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4. Chaffin, DS, Goldstein, RL. The Anne Sexton case: protecting confidentiality? [Letter and Reply]. Psychiatric Annals 1992;22:586–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5. Eisenberg, C. Confidentiality in psychotherapy—the case of Anne Sexton [Review of Middlebrook biography]. New England Journal of Medicine 1991;325:1451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

6. Goldstein, RL. Psychiatric poetic license? Post-mortem disclosure of confidential information in the Anne Sexton case. Psychiatric Annals 1992;22:341–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

7. Kibel, HB, Bloom, V. Sexton' psychiatrist violated ethics. New York Times 1991;09 8:A26 (col. 1).Google Scholar

8. Stone, AA. Confidentiality in psychotherapy—the case of Anne Sexton. New England Journal of Medicine 1991;325:1450–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

9. Carton, S. The poet, the bibliographer, and the shrink: psychiatrist-patient confidentiality and the Anne Sexton biography. University of Miami Entertainment and Sports Law Review 1993;10:117–64.Google Scholar

10. At this writing, there are 36 published book reviews. Surprisingly, little or nothing has been said by ethicists on this case.

11. Zhisui, L. The Private Life of Chairman Mao [Trans Tai], H-C. New York: Random House, 1994.Google Scholar

12. See note 8. Stone, . 1991;325:1450.Google Scholar

13. See note 1. Middlebrook, . 1991:xix.Google Scholar

14. Langs, R. The Bi-Personal Field. New York: Jason Aronson, 1976.Google Scholar

15. Tiefer, L. Personal perspective: the neurotic need of psychotherapists to exploit their patient's problems. Los Angeles Times 1991;06 21:M1.Google Scholar

16. Pellegrino, ED. Societal duty and moral complicity: the physician's dilemma of divided loyalty. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 1993;16:371–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

17. American Psychiatric Association. The Principles of Medical Ethics With Annotations Especially Applicable to Psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1989;Section IV.Google Scholar

18. Beauchamp, TL, Childress, JF. Principles of Bioethics, 3rd ed.New York: Oxford University Press, 1989:335–41.Google Scholar

19. Hippocrates, . Hippocrates, Vol. I [Trans Jones], WHS. Boston: Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1972:289302.Google Scholar

20. Weiss, BD. Confidentiality expectations of patients, physicians, and medical students. Journal of the American Medical Association 1982;247:2695–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

21. Siegler, M. Confidentiality in medicine—a decrepit concept. New England Journal of Medicine 1982;307:1518–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

22. Pellegrino, ED. Toward an expanded medical ethics: the Hippocratic ethic revisited. In: Bulger, RJ, Ed. Hippocrates Revisited. New York: MEDCOM Press, 1973:133–47.Google Scholar

23. Mills, JS. On Liberty [Edited with an introduction by E Rappaport]. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, 1978:7391.Google Scholar

24. See note 3. Burnam, . 1991;24:1130–3.Google Scholar

25. See note 3. Burnam, . 1991;24: 1130–3.Google Scholar

26. Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California. California Supreme Court 17, California Reports 3rd Series, 425, July 1, 1976.

27. Pellegrino, ED. HIV infection and the ethics of clinical care. The Journal of Legal Medicine 1989;10:2946.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

28. Orne, M. Sexton tapes. New York Times 1991;07 23:A21.Google Scholar

29. See note 1. Middlebrook, . 1991:xxii–iii.Google Scholar

30. See note 1. Middlebrook, . 1991:158.Google Scholar

31. See note 8. Stone, . 1991;325: 1451.Google Scholar

32. See note 15. Tiefer, . 1991;June 21:M1.Google Scholar

33. Jong, E. Anne Sexton's river of words. New York Times 1991;09 17:A21, A17.Google Scholar

34. Freud, S. Leonardo daVinci: A Study in Psychosexuality [Trans Brill], AA. New York: Random House, 1947:130.Google Scholar

35. Gay, P. Freud: A Life for Our Time. New York: W.W. Norton, 1988:273.Google Scholar

36. Barzun, J. Clio and the Doctors. Chicago University Press, 1974:42–5.Google Scholar

37. Freud, S. Civilization and Its Discontents [Trans Riviere, J]. Michigan: Anchor Books, 1958:103–4.Google Scholar

38. See note 1. Middlebrook, . 1991:xviii.Google Scholar

39. See note 33. Jong, . 1991;Aug 17:A21, A17.Google Scholar

40. Stocker, C. The late poet's sister and nieces are battling to tell their slice of the family's story. Boston Globe 1991;08 13:A20 (col 1.).Google Scholar

41. Weissberg, JA. The poet's art mined, the patient's anguish. New York Times 1991;07 26: A26.Google Scholar

42. Pellegrino, ED. Patient and physician autonomy: conflicting rights and obligations in the physician patient relationship. The Journal of Contemporary Health, Law, and Policy 1994;10:4768.Google ScholarPubMed

43. As quoted in Stanley, A. Poet told all; therapist provides the record. New York Times 1991;07 15: C13.Google Scholar