Chancery lawyers have for many years awaited a definitive House of Lords ruling on the mental element required to make strangers to a trust liable for knowing or dishonest assistance in a breach of trust, and for knowing receipt of trust property. The appeal in Twinsectra Ltd. v. Yardley [2002] UKHL 12, [2002] 2 All E.R. 377 provided the opportunity for resolution of the issue in the former case but not the latter; the degree of knowledge required for a knowing receipt claim remains for final determination on another occasion.