Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-21T22:57:31.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Binti’s R/evolutionary Cosmopolitan Ecologies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2019

Abstract

Okorafor’s Binti series consistently blurs the lines between human and other-than-human, between technological and natural/spiritual, between local and global in ways that refuse to extract or abstract humans from their entanglements with environments and others, writ large and small. Set in a post–climate change Africa embroiled in regional and interstellar conflict, the narratives’ cosmopolitics are unrelentingly ecological, involving nonhuman participants and embedded in material particularities that shape conflicts and relations; at the same time, the ecology is always cosmopolitan, with those nonhuman actors exercising agency within complex worlds of difference that cross over and connect cosmos, polis, and oikos. Contrary to the sometimes-utopic connotation of both cosmopolitanism and ecology, however, such difference is neither subsumed to a harmonious whole, nor held in benign relativism. Rather, Binti depicts multispecies agency that is always in dynamic tension, driving r/evolutionary growth in posthuman relations and in the genres through which we imagine them.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Quoted in DeLoughrey, Elizabeth, “Ordinary Futures: Interspecies Worldings and the Anthropocene,Global Ecologies and the Environmental Humanities: Postcolonial Approaches, eds. Elizabeth DeLoughrey, Jill Didur, and Anthony Carrigan (New York: Routledge, 2015), 360 CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

2 Huggan, Graham and Tiffin, Helen, eds., Postcolonial Ecocriticism: Literature, Animals, Environment, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2015), 218219 CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

3 Huggan and Tiffin, Postcolonial Ecocriticism, 152.

4 Carruth, Allison, “Compassion, Commodification, and The Lives of Animals: J. M. Coetzee’s Recent Fiction,Postcolonial Ecologies: Literatures of the Environment, eds. Elizabeth DeLoughrey and George B. Handley (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 202 Google Scholar .

5 Huggan and Tiffin, Postcolonial Ecocriticism, 208.

6 Huggan and Tiffin, Postcolonial Ecocriticism, 208.

7 Iheka, Cajetan, Naturalizing Africa: Ecological Violence, Agency, and Postcolonial Resistance in African Literature. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 44 Google Scholar .

8 Huggan and Tiffin, Postcolonial Ecocriticism, 208.

9 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 44.

10 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 22, 58.

11 Garuba, Harry, “Explorations in Animist Materialism: Notes on Reading/Writing African Literature, Culture, and Society,” Public Culture 15.2 (2003): 268 Google Scholar .

12 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 22.

13 Iovino, Serenella and Oppermann, Sepril, “Introduction,” in Material Ecocriticism, eds. Serenella Iovino and Sepril Oppermann (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2014), 3 Google Scholar .

14 Thacker, Eugene, “Data Made Flesh: Biotechnology and the Discourse of the Posthuman,” Cultural Critique 53 (2003): 80 CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

15 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 22.

16 Adejunmobi, Moradewun, “Introduction: African Science Fiction,” The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 3.3 (2016): 267 Google Scholar .

17 Soyinka, Wole, Myth, Literature, and the African World (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976), 53 Google Scholar .

18 Garuba, “Explorations in Animist Materialism,” 271.

19 Ahuja, Neel, “Postcolonial Critique in a Multispecies World,” PMLA 124.2 (2009): 559 Google Scholar .

20 Pickering, Andrew, “How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics, and: Silicon Second Nature: Culturing Artificial Life in a Digital World (review),” Technology and Culture 41.2 (2000): 393 Google Scholar .

21 Okorafor, Nnedi, Binti: Home (New York: Tor.com, 2017), 128 Google Scholar .

22 Okorafor, Nnedi, Binti: The Night Masquerade (New York: Tor.com, 2017), 36 Google Scholar .

23 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 30.

24 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 154.

25 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 58.

26 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 59.

27 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 114.

28 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 74–75.

29 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 61.

30 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 131.

31 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 134, 131.

32 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 23.

33 Rigby, Kate, “Spirits That Matter,” in Material Ecocriticism, eds. Serenella Iovino and Sepril Oppermann (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2014), 284 Google Scholar .

34 Rigby, “Spirits That Matter,” 284.

35 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 74.

36 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 134.

37 Okorafor, Binti, 62.

38 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 155.

39 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 138–39.

40 Nnedi Okorafor, Binti (New York: Tor.com, 2015), 60.

41 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 148.

42 Pickering, “How We Became Posthuman,” 392.

43 Outka, Paul, “Posthuman/Postnatural: Ecocriticism and the Sublime in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein ,” in Environmental Criticism for the Twenty-First Century, eds. Stephanie LeMenager, Teresa Shewry, and Ken Hiltner (New York: Routledge, 2011), 31, 33 Google Scholar .

44 Ted Geier, “Noncommittal Commitment: Alien Spaces of Ecocosmopolitics in Recent World Literature,” in Ecocriticism and Geocriticism: Overlapping Territories in Environmental and Spatial Literary Studies, eds. Robert T. Talley Jr. and Christine M. Battista (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), 57.

45 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 160–61.

46 Okorafor, Binti, 31.

47 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 127–28.

48 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 129–30.

49 Thacker, “Data Made Flesh,” 80–81.

50 Garrard, Greg, Ecocriticism, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2012), 180 Google Scholar .

51 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 32.

52 Okorafor, Binti, 19–20.

53 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 36, 51.

54 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 50.

55 Okorafor, Binti, 12–13.

56 Okorafor, Binti, 21.

57 Okorafor, Binti, 13, 9.

58 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 72, 74.

59 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 127, 96.

60 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 76.

61 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 34–35.

62 Anthony Appiah, Kwame, Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (New York: Norton, 2006), 112113 Google Scholar .

63 Glick Schiller, Nina and Irving, Andrew, “Introduction: What’s in a Word? What’s in a Question?” in Whose Cosmopolitanism: Critical Perspectives, Relationalities and Discontents (New York: Berghahn, 2015), 3 Google Scholar .

64 Gyan Prakash, “Whose Cosmopolitanism? Multiple, Globally Enmeshed and Subaltern,” in Whose Cosmopolitanism: Critical Perspectives, Relationalities and Discontents (New York: Berghahn, 2015), 28.

65 David Harvey, “What Do We Do with Cosmpolitanism?” in Whose Cosmopolitanism: Critical Perspectives, Relationalities and Discontents (New York: Berghahn, 2015), 51.

66 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 21.

67 Nina Glick Schiller, “Diasporic Cosmopolitanism: Migrants, Sociabilities and City Making,” in Whose Cosmopolitanism: Critical Perspectives, Relationalities and Discontents (New York: Berghahn, 2015), 105.

68 Appiah, Cosmopolitanism, xv.

69 Schiller and Irving, “Introduction,” 3.

70 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 164.

71 Quoted in Heise, Ursula, Sense of Place, Sense of Planet: The Environmental Imagination of the Global (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 123 CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

72 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 102.

73 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 34.

74 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 34.

75 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 27.

76 Geier, “Noncommittal Commitment,” 70.

77 Lowenhaupt Tsing, Anna, “Strathern beyond the Human: Testimony of a Spore,” Theory, Culture & Society 31.2–3 (2014): 230Google Scholar .

78 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 157, 161.

79 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 169.

80 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 191.

81 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 8–9.

82 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 169.

83 Haraway, Donna, When Species Meet (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2007), 4 Google Scholar .

84 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 12, 130.

85 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 148–49.

86 Okorafor, Binti: Home, 161–62.

87 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 151.

88 Thacker, “Data Made Flesh,” 86–87.

89 DeLoughrey, “Ordinary Futures,” 367.

90 Thacker, “Data Made Flesh,” 86.

91 Rigby, “Spirits That Matter,” 286.

92 Braidotti, Rosi, Nomadic Subjects: Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Contemporary Feminist Theory, 2nd ed. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011), 39 Google Scholar .

93 Braidotti, Nomadic Subjects,” 41.

94 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 44.

95 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 35–36.

96 Iheka, Naturalizing Africa, 14.

97 Heise, Sense of Place, Sense of Planet, 57.

98 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 116–17.

99 DeLoughrey, “Ordinary Futures,” 362.

100 Heise, Sense of Place, Sense of Planet, 210.

101 Geier, “Noncommittal Commitment,”57.

102 Geier, “Noncommittal Commitment,”55.

103 Rigby, “Spirits That Matter,” 284.

104 Ahuja, “Postcolonial Critique in a Multispecies World,” 561.

105 Okorafor, Binti, 56, 84.

106 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 194.

107 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 192–93.

108 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 135, 137.

109 Okorafor, Binti: The Night Masquerade, 155–56.

110 Geier, “Noncommittal Commitment,” 70–71.

111 Schiller and Irving, “Introduction,” 5.

112 Outka, “Posthuman/Postnatural,” 45.

113 Heise, Ursula, “Lost Dogs, Last Birds, and Listed Species: Cultures of Extinction,” Configurations 18.1–2 (2010): 72 Google Scholar .

114 Robert Spencer, “Whose Cosmopolitanism? Postcolonial Critique and the Realities of Neocolonial Power,” in Whose Cosmopolitanism: Critical Perspectives, Relationalities and Discontents (New York: Berghahn, 2015), 38.