Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T17:48:34.490Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reindeer Imagery in the Making at Ust’-Polui in Arctic Siberia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2020

Tatiana Nomokonova Open the ORCID record for Tatiana Nomokonova [Opens in a new window] ,
Robert J. Losey ,
Natalia V. Fedorova ,
Andrei V. Gusev  and
Dmitry V. Arzyutov
Tatiana Nomokonova
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Saskatchewan 55 Campus Drive Saskatoon, SKCanadaS7N 5E2 Email: [email protected]
Robert J. Losey
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology University of Alberta 13-15 HM Tory Building Edmonton, ABCanadaT6G 2H4 Email: [email protected]
Natalia V. Fedorova
Affiliation:
Scientific Centre of Arctic Studies Respublika St 20 Salekhard Iamal-Nenets Autonomous District Russian Federation 629008 Email: [email protected]
Andrei V. Gusev
Affiliation:
Scientific Centre of Arctic Studies Respublika St 20 Salekhard Iamal-Nenets Autonomous District Russian Federation 629008 Email: [email protected]
Dmitry V. Arzyutov
Affiliation:
Division of History of Science, Technology and Environment KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 74D 100 44 Stockholm Sweden Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The history of reindeer domestication is a critical topic in the study of human-animal relationships across Northern Eurasia. The Iamal-Nenets region of Arctic Siberia, now a global centre of reindeer pastoralism, has been the subject of much recent research on reindeer domestication. However, tracking the beginnings of reindeer domestication in this region and elsewhere in Eurasia has proved challenging. Archaeological imagery is an under-utilized source of information for exploring animal domestication. In this paper we explore the abundant reindeer imagery found at the Iron Age site of Ust’-Polui in Iamal, dating from ~260 bce to ce 140. While reindeer were hunted in Siberia long before the occupation of Ust’-Polui, portable reindeer imagery appears abruptly at this time period, co-occurring at the site with equipment thought to be for training transport reindeer. Training and working with transport reindeer required long-term engagement with specific animals that became well known and precious to their human keepers. Creating, utilizing and depositing the reindeer imagery objects at Ust’-Polui was a way of acknowledging critical new working relationships with specific domestic reindeer.

Type
Research Article
Information
Cambridge Archaeological Journal , Volume 31 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 161 - 181
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aleksashenko, N.A., Brusnitsina, A.G. & Popova, T.A., 2003. Ust’-Polui: I vek do n.e. Katalog Vystavki [Ust’-Polui: 1st century BCE. Exhibition catalogue]. St Petersburg/Salekhard: Kunstkamera.Google Scholar
Aleksashenko, N.A., 2018. Kostianye predmety s zoomorfnymi izobrasheniiami iz Ust’-Poluia: osobennosti ispol'zovaniia [Ust’-Polui bone items with zoomorphic depictions: specifics of use]. Camera Praehistorica 1(1), 64–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alekseev, A.A., 2014. Obychai i obriady, sviazannye s olenem, i nekotorye problemy domestikatsii severnogo olenia v Iakutii [Customs and traditions associated with reindeer, and a few problems of reindeer domestication in Iakutiia]. Nauka i Obrazovanie 3, 13–19.Google Scholar
Allentuck, A., 2015. Temporalities of human–livestock relationships in the late prehistory of the southern Levant. Journal of Social Archaeology 15, 94–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, G., 1979. Volatile ketones from the preorbital gland of reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus L.). Journal of Chemical Ecology 5(4), 629–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, D.G., 2000. Identity and Ecology in Arctic Siberia: The number one reindeer brigade. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, D.G., Harrault, L., Milek, K.B., Forbes, B.C., Kuoppamaa, M. & Plekhanov, A.V., 2019. Animal domestication in the high Arctic: hunting and holding reindeer on the IA͡mal peninsula, northwest Siberia. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 55, 101079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong Oma, K., 2010. Between trust and domination: social contracts between humans and animals. World Archaeology 42, 175–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arzyutov, D. & Liublinskaia, M. (eds), 2018. Nenetskoe Olenevodstvo: Geografiia, Etnografiia, Lingvistika [Nenets reindeer husbandry: geography, ethnography, linguistics]. St Petersburg: MAE RAN.Google Scholar
Arzyutov, D.V. & Okotetto, Kh., 2018. Sviiazyvaia veshchi, zhivotnykh i liudei: k sotsyal'noi topologii nenetskikh uzlov [Tying things, animals, and people: the sociological topography of knots]. Arkheologiia Arktiki 5, 89–106.Google Scholar
Bachura, O.P., Kosintsev, P.A., Gimranov, D.O., Korona, O.M., Nekrasov, A.E. & Panteleev, A.P., 2017. Ust’-Polui: khoziaistvennaia deiatel'nost’ naseleniia i prirodnoe okruzhenie [Ust’-Polui: subsistence patterns and environmental setting], in Ust’-Polui: Materialy i Issledovaniia [Ust’-Polui: Materials and research], eds Gusev, A.V. & Fedorova, N.V.. (Arkheologiia Arktiki Vol. 4, Part 1.) Ekaterinburg: Delovaia Pressa, 81–99.Google Scholar
Bahn, P.G., 1978. The ‘unacceptable face’ of the West European Upper Palaeolithic. Antiquity 52, 183–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baulo, A.V., 2011a. Drevniia Bronza iz Etnograficheskikh Kompleksov i Sluchainykh Sborov [Ancient bronze from ethnographic collections and accidental findings]. Nauka: IAET SO RAN.Google Scholar
Baulo, A.V., 2011b. Sviashchennye mesta totemnykh predkov v ornitomorfnom oblike u Obskikh Ugrov [Sacred sites of totem ancestors in ornithomorphic depictions among Ob Ugry]. Khanty-Mansiiskii Avtonomnyi Okrug v Zerkale Proshlogo 9, 324–38.Google Scholar
Bjørklund, I., 2013. Domestication, reindeer husbandry and the development of Sámi pastoralism. Acta Borealia 30, 174–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bökönyi, S., 1974. History of Domestic Mammals in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: Akadémiia Kiadó.Google Scholar
Chernetsov, V.N. 1953. Bronza Ust’-Poluiskogo vremeni [Bronze of Ust’-Polui time], in Drevniia Istoriia Nizhnego Priob'ia [Ancient history of the Lower Cis-Ob Region] eds Chernetsov, V.N., Moshinskaia, V.I. & Talitskaia, I.A.. Moscow: Akademiia Nauk USSR, 121–78.Google Scholar
Chernetsov, V.N. & Moszyńska, W., 1974. Prehistory of Western Siberia. (Anthropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources 9.) Montreal: Arctic Institute of North America/McGill-Queen's University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clutton-Brock, J., 2012. Animals as Domesticates. A world view through history. East Lansing (MI): Michigan State University Press.Google Scholar
Danilkin, A., 1996. Behavioural Ecology of Siberian and European Roe Deer. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Devlet, M.A., 1965. Bol'shaia Boiarskaya pisanitsa [Large Boiarsk rock art panel]. Sovetskaia Arkheologiia 3, 124–42.Google Scholar
Devlet, M.A., 1976. Bol'shaia Boiarskaia Pisanitsa [Large Boiarsk rock art panel]. Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Dikov, N.N., 1971. Naskal'nye Zagadki Drevnei Chukotki [Rock art mysteries of ancient Chukotka]. Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Dolgikh, B.O., 1960. Prinesenie v zhertvu olenei u nganasan i entsev [Reindeer sacrifices among Nganasan and Enets]. KSIA 33, 72–81.Google Scholar
Fedorova, N.V., 2000. Olen’, sobaka, kulaiskii fenomen i legenda o Sikhirtia [Reindeer, dog, Kulai phenomenon, and Sikhirtia legend], in Drevnosti Iamala [Iamal antiquities] ed. Golovnev, A.V., Vol. 1. Ekaterinburg/Salekhard: UrO RAN, 54–66.Google Scholar
Fedorova, N.V., 2006. Kaslanie dlinoi v dve tysiachi let: chelovek i olen’ na severe Zapadnoi Sibiri [2000-year migration: human and reindeer in the north of western Siberia]. Ural'skii Istoricheskii Vestnik 14, 149–56.Google Scholar
Fedorova, N.V. 2017. Zoomorfnyi kod Ust’-Poluia [Zoomorphic code of Ust’-Polui], in Ust’-Polui: Materialy i Issledovaniia [Ust’-Polui: Materials and research], eds Gusev, A.V. & Fedorova, N.V.. (Arkheologiia Arktiki 4, Part 2.) Ekaterinburg/Salekhard: UrO RAN, 104–26.Google Scholar
Fedorova, N.V. & Gusev, A.V., 2019. Tri revoliutsii Ust’-Poluia [Three revolutions at Ust’-Polui]. Kuntskamera 1(3), 196–206.Google Scholar
Fedorova, N.V., Kosintsev, P.A. & Fitzhugh, W.W., 1998. ‘Ushedshie v Kholmy’: Kul'tura Naselenei Poberezhii Severo-Zapadnogo Iamala v Zheleznom Veke [‘Gone to the hills’: culture of Iron Age inhabitants of the northwestern shore of Iamal peninsula]. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ekaterinburg.Google Scholar
Fedorova, N.V., Govorukhina, T.V. & Samburov, N.M., 2003. Treasures of the Ob. Western Siberia on the medieval trade routes. Salekhard/St Petersburg: Shemanovsky Museum/State Hermitage Museum.Google Scholar
Gallardo, F. & Yacobaccio, H., 2005. Wild or domesticated? Camelids in Early Formative rock art of the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile). Latin American Antiquity 16(2), 115–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gemuev, I.N., 1990. Mirovozzrenie Mansi: Dom i Kosmos [Mansi worldviews: house and cosmos]. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Google Scholar
Gemuev, I.N. (ed.), 2001. Mifologiia Mansi. Entsiklopediia Ural'skikh Mifologii [Mansi mythology. Encyclopedia of Ural myths], Vol. 2. Novosibirsk: IAiE SO RAN.Google Scholar
Gemuev, I.N. & Baulo, A.V., 1999. Sviatilishcha Mansi Verkhov'ev Severnoi Sos'vy [Mansi sacred sites of Upper North Sos'va]. Novosibirsk: IZD-vo IAiE SO RAN.Google Scholar
Gemuev, I.N., Molodin, V.I. & Sokolova, Z.P. (eds), 2005. Narody Zapadnoi Sibiri: Khanty, Mansi, Sel'kupy, Nentsy, Entsy, Nganasany, Kety [Peoples of Western Siberia: Khanty, Mansi, Selkups, Nenets, Enets, Nganasans, Kets]. Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Gemuev, I.N. & Sagalaev, A.M., 1986. Religiia Naroda Mansi [Mansi religion]. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Google Scholar
Geptner, V.G. & Naumov, N.P. (eds), 1961. Mlekopitaiushchie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Tom 1: Parnokopytnye i Neparnocopytnye [Mammals of the Soviet Union, vol. 1: Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla]. Moscow: Vysshaia Shkola.Google Scholar
Golovnev, A.V., 1995. Govoriashchie Kul'tury: Traditsii Samodiitsev i Ugrov [Talking cultures: Samoed and Ugry traditions]. Ekaterinburg: URO RAN.Google Scholar
Golovnev, A.V., Garin, N.P. & Kukanov, D.A., 2016. Olenevody Iamala (Materialy k Atlasy Kochevykh Tekhnologii) [Reindeer herders of Iamal (Materials for the atlas of nomad technologies]. Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN.Google Scholar
Guagnin, M., Perri, A.R. & Petraglia, M.D., 2018. Pre-Neolithic evidence for dog-assisted hunting strategies in Arabia. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 49, 225–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guiry, E.J., 2012. Dogs as analogs in stable isotope-based human paleodietary reconstructions: a review and considerations for future use. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 19, 351–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guiry, E.J. & Grimes, V., 2013. Domestic dog (Canis familiaris) diets among coastal Late Archaic groups of northeastern North America: a case study for the canine surrogacy approach. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 32, 732–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gusev, A.V., 2014. Kompleks predmetov, sviazannykh s olenevodstvom, po materialam sviatilishcha Ust’-Polui (Nizhnee Priob'e) [Set of items associated with reindeer herding based on Ust’-Polui materials]. Ural'skii Istoricheskii Vestnik 2(43), 53–62.Google Scholar
Gusev, A.V. & Fedorova, N.V., 2012. Drevnee Sviatilishche Ust’-Polui: Konstruktsii, Deistviia, Artefakty. Itogi Issledovanii Planigrafii i Stratigrafii Pamiatnika: 1935–2012 gg. [Ancient sacred site Ust’-Polui: features, actions, artefacts. Results of research on site's planigraphy and stratigraphy: 1935–2012]. Salekhard: Severnoe Izdatel'stvo.Google Scholar
Gusev, A.V. & Fedorova, N.V. (eds), 2017. Ust’-Polui: Materialy i Issledovaniia [Ust’-Polui: Materials and research]. (Arkheologiia Arktiki 4, Parts 1–2.) Ekaterinburg: Delovaia Pressa.Google Scholar
Gusev, A.V., Plekhanov, A.V. & Fedorova, N.V., 2016. Olenevodstvo na severe Zapadnoi Sibiri: rannii zhelznyi vek – srednevekov'e [Reindeer husbandry in the north of western Siberia: Early Iron Age–Medieval times]. Arkheologiia Artiki 3, 228–39.Google Scholar
Guthrie, R.D., 2005. The Nature of Paleolithic Art. Chicago (IL): University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Haakanson, S. Jr & Jordan, P., 2011. ‘Marking’ the land: sacrifices, cemeteries and sacred places among the Iamal Nenetses, in Landscape and Culture in Northern Eurasia, ed. Jordan, P.. New York (NY): Routledge, 161–77.Google Scholar
Helskog, K., 2011. Reindeer corrals 4700–4200 BC: myth or reality? Quaternary International 238, 25–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodder, I. 1990. The Domestication of Europe: Structure and contingency in Neolithic societies. London: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Iakovlev, Ia.A. (ed.), 2014. Niaksimvol’. Tomsk/Khanty-Mansiisk: TGU.Google Scholar
Ingold, T., 1980. Hunters, Pastoralists, and Ranchers: Reindeer economies and their transformations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingold, T., 2000. The Perception of the Environment: Essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ingold, T., 2013. Anthropology beyond humanity. Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 38, 5–23.Google Scholar
Ivanov, S.V., 1963. Ornament Narodov Sibiri kak Istoricheskii Istochnik (Po Materialam XIX – Nachala XX v.) [Siberian people's ornaments as historical source (based on materials of 19th–beginning of 20th centuries CE]. Moscow/Leningrad: Nauka.Google Scholar
Ivanov, S.V., 1970. Skul'ptura Narodov Severa Sibiri XIX – Pervoi Poloviny XX v. [Sculpture of Siberian northern peoples in the 19th–first half of the 20th centuries]. Moscow/Leningrad: Nauka.Google Scholar
Kardash, O.V., 2013a. Nadymskii Gorodok kniazei Bol'shoi Karachei [Nadym settlement of Bolshoi Karachei leaders]. Ekaterinburg/Salekhard: Magellan.Google Scholar
Kardash, O.V., 2013b. Poluiskii Mysovoi Gorodok kniazei Taishinykh [Polui Mysovoi settlement of Taishin leaders]. Ekaterinburg/Salekhard: Magellan.Google Scholar
Kehoe, T.E., 1998. Corralling: evidence from Upper Paleolithic cave art, in Hunters of the Recent Past, eds Davis, L.B. & Reeves, B.O.K.. London: Unwin Hyman, 34–46.Google Scholar
Khariuchi, G.P., 2001. Traditsii i Innovatsii v Kul'ture Nenetskogo Etnosa (Vtoraia Polovina XX veka) [Traditions and innovations in the culture of Nenets ethnos]. Tomsk: Izd-vo TGU.Google Scholar
Kharyuchi, G.P., 2018. Sacred places in the Nenets traditional cultures. Sibirica 17(3), 116–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khomich, L.V., 1966. Nentsy. Istoriko-Etnograficheskie Ocherki [Nenets. Historical-ethnographic essays]. Moscow/Leningrad: Nauka.Google Scholar
Khomich, L.V., 1988. Obychai i obriady, sviazannye s det'mi u netsev [Customs and traditions associated with Nenets children], in Traditsionnoe Vospitanie Detei u Narodov Sibiri [Traditional child education among peoples of Siberia], eds Kon, I.S. & Taksami, Ch.M.. Leningrad: Nauka, 63–79.Google Scholar
Kintigh, K.W., Altschul, J.H., Beaudry, M.C., et al. , 2014. Grand challenges for archaeology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 111, 879–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klokov, K.B., 2011. National fluctuations and regional variation in domesticated reindeer numbers in the Russian north: possible explanations. Sibirica 10(1), 23–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, J., 2005. Introduction, in Animals in Person: Cultural perspectives on human–animal intimacy, ed. Knight, J.. Oxford/New York: Berg, 1–13.Google Scholar
Kostikov, L., 1930. Bogovy oleni v religioznykh verovaniiakh khasovo [God's reindeer and religious beliefs of Khasovo]. Etnografiia 1–2, 115–32.Google Scholar
Kushelevskii, Iu.I., 1868. Severnyĭ Polius i Zemlia Iamal. Putevye Zametki [North pole and land of Iamal]. St Petersburg: Tipografiia MVD.Google Scholar
Krupnik, I., 1993. Arctic Adaptations: Native whalers and reindeer herders of northern Eurasia. Hanover (NH): University of Press of New England.Google Scholar
Kyzlasov, L.R., 1952. Drevneishee svidetel'stvo ob olenevodstve [The oldest evidence of reindeer husbandry]. Sovetskaia Etnografiia 2, 39–49.Google Scholar
Kyzlasov, L.R., 1955. Syrskii Chaa-Tas. Sovetskaia Etnografiia 24, 197–256.Google Scholar
Larson, G. & Burger, J., 2012. A population genetics view on animal domestication. Trends in Genetics 29(4), 197–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lekhtisalo, T., 1998. Mifologiia Iurakov-Samoedov (Nentsev) [Mythology of Iurak-Samoed (Nenets)]. Tomsk: Izd-vo TGU.Google Scholar
Levin, M.G. & Potapov, L.P., 1961. Istoriko-Etnograficheskii Atlas Sibiri [Historic-ethnographic atlas of Siberia]. Moscow/Leningrad: Izd-vo Akademii Nauk SSSR.Google Scholar
Losey, R.J., Bazaliiskii, V.I., Lieverse, A., Waters-Rist, A., Faccia, K. & Weber, A., 2013. The bear-able likeness of being: ursine remains at the Shamanka II cemetery, Lake Baikal, Siberia, in Relational Archaeologies, ed. Watts, C.. London: Routledge, 65–96.Google Scholar
Losey, R.J., Fleming, L.S., Nomokonova, , et al. , 2017. Human and dog consumption of fish on the Lower Ob River of Siberia: evidence for a major freshwater reservoir effect at the Ust’-Polui site. Radiocarbon 60(1): 239–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Losey, R.J., Guiry, E., Nomokonova, T., Gusev, A.V. & Szpak, P., 2020b. Storing fish? A dog's isotopic biography provides insight into Iron Age food preservation strategies in the Russian Arctic. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 12, 200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Losey, R.J., Nomokonova, T., Arzyutov, D.V., Gusev, A.V., Plekhanov, A.V., Fedorova, N.V. & Anderson, D.G., 2020a. Domestication as enskillment: harnessing reindeer in Arctic Siberia. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-020-09455-wCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Losey, R.J., Nomokonova, T., Gusev, A.V., Bachura, O.P., Fedorova, N.V., Kosintsev, P.A. & Sablin, M.V., 2018. Dogs were domesticated in the Arctic: culling practices and dog sledding at Ust’-Polui. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 51, 113–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClure, S.B., 2015. The pastoral effect. Current Anthropology 56, 901–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metz, F., 2013. O vozmozhnykh semanticheskikh paralleliakh ‘rogatym’ loshadiam Pazyrykskoi kul'tury [Possible semantic parallels of ‘antlered’ horses in Pazyryk cultures]. Teoriia i Praktika Arkheologicheskikh Issledovanii 1(7), 91–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moszyńska, W., 1974. The material culture and economy of Ust-Poluy, in Prehistory of Western Siberia, eds Chernetsov, V.N. & Moszyńska, W.. Montreal: Arctic Institute of North America, 75–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murygin, A.M., 2011. Eshmesskoe peshchernoe sviatilitshche epokhi srednevekov'ia v Pechorskom Priural'e [Eshemes cave sacred site of the medieval period in Pechora Cis-Ural]. Arkheologiia, Etnografiia i Antropologiia Evrazii 3(47), 94–103.Google Scholar
Niglas, L., 1997. Reindeer in the Nenets worldview. Arctic Studies 1, 7–34.Google Scholar
Niglas, L., 2000. Reindeer as the moulder of the ethnic identity of the Yamal Nenets. Arctic Studies 4, 87–92.Google Scholar
Nomokonova, T., Losey, R.J., Typakhina, O.S. & Typakhin, D.S., 2017. Khoziastvennaia deiatel'nost’ naseleniia Nishnego Priob'ia v epokhu Eneolita (po faunsticheskim materialam poselennia Gornyi Samotnel 1) [Subsistence patterns of Lower Ob inhabitants during the Eneolithic (based on faunal remains of Gornyi Sametnel 1)]. Vestnik Arkheologii, Antropologii i Etnografii 1(36), 143–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nomokonova, T., Losey, R.J., Plekhanov, A.V. & McIntyre, H.J., 2018. Iarte VI and Late Holocene remains from the Iamal Peninsula of Arctic Siberia. Arctic Anthropology 55(2), 56–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ochir-Goriaeva, M.A., 2014. Maskirovka konei pod mificheskikh zhivotnykh v Pazyrykskoi kul'ture Gornogo Altaia [Masking horses as mythological animals in Pazyryk culture of mountain Altai]. Vestnik Kalmytskogo Instituta Gymanitarnykh Issledovanii RAN 3, 94–9.Google Scholar
Okladnikov, A.P. & Kochmar, N.N., 1994. Pisanitsy Iakutii [Iakutiia rock art]. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Google Scholar
Paine, R., 1994. Herds of the Tundra: A portrait of Saami reindeer pastoralism. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Perevalova, E.V., 2004. Severnye Khanty: Etnicheskaia Istoriia [Northern Khanty: ethnic history]. Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN.Google Scholar
Perevalova, E.V. & Karacharov, K.G., 2006. Reka Agan I ee Obitateli [Agan River and its inhabitants]. Ekaterinburg/Neftiugansk: IIiA UO RAN.Google Scholar
Plekhanov, A.V., 2014. Iarte VI - Srednevekovoe ‘Gorodishche’ na r. Iuribei (p-ov Iamal). Katalog Kollektsii [Iarte VI: Medieval ‘fortified site’ on the Iuribei river (Iamal peninsula). Collection catalogue]. Ekaterinburg: Delovaia Pressa.Google Scholar
Potapova, O.R. & Panteleyev, A.V., 1999. Birds in the economy and culture of Early Iron Age inhabitants of Ust’ Poluisk, lower Ob’ River, northwestern Siberia. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 89, 129–37.Google Scholar
Prokof'eva, E.D., 1953. Materialy po religioznym predstavleniiam entsev [Materials on Enets religious views]. Sbornik MAE AN SSSR XIV, 194–230.Google Scholar
Pyrerka, A.P., 2018. Materialy po Nenetskoi olenevodcheskoi terminologii [Materials on Nenets reindeer herding terminology], in Nenetskoe Olenevodstvo: Geografiia, Etnografiia, Lingvistika [Nenets reindeer husbandry: geography, ethnography, linguistics], eds Arzyutov, D. & Lubinskaia, M.. St Petersburg: MAE RAN, 73–128.Google Scholar
Randymova, Z.I., 2004. Olenevodcheskaia Kul'tura Priural'skikh Khantov [Reindeer herding culture of Cis-Ural Khanty]. Tomsk: Izd-vo TGU.Google Scholar
Robinson, D.W., Korisettar, R. & Koshy, J., 2008. Metanarratives and the (re)invention of the Neolithic. Journal of Social Archaeology 8(3), 355–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Røed, K.H., Kvie, K.S., Losey, R.J., et al. ., 2020. Temporal and structural genetic variation in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) associated with the pastoral transition in northwestern Siberia. Ecology and Evolution 10(17), 9060–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russel, N., 2012. Social Zooarchaeology: Humans and animals in prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Siazi, A.M. & Samburov, N.M. (eds), 2003. Uzory Severnogo Siianiia [Decoration of the northern lights]. Vol. I: Finno-Ugorskie Narody. Salekhard/St Petersburg: Artvid/Russkaia Kollektsiia.Google Scholar
Siazi, A.M. & Samburov, N.M. (eds), 2005. Uzory Severnogo Siianiia [Decoration of the northern lights]. Vol. II: Somidiiskie Narody. Salekhard/St Petersburg: Artvid/Russkaia Kollektsiia.Google Scholar
Sokolova, Z.P., 2009. Khanty i Mansi: Vzgliad iz XXI Veka [Khanty and Mansi: View from the 21st century]. Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Stammler, F., 2005. Reindeer Nomads Meet the Market: Culture, property and globalisation at the ‘end of the land’. (Halle studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia 6.) Münster: LIT Publishers.Google Scholar
Stépanoff, C., 2017. The rise of reindeer pastoralism in northern Eurasia: human and animal motivations entangled. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 23, 376–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tupakhina, O.S. & Typakhin, D.S., 2018. Poselenie Epokhin Eneolita Gornyi Samotnel – 1: Materialy i Issledovaniia [Eneolithic Settlement Gornyi Samotnel 1: Materials and research]. Salekhard: Zolotoi Tirazh.Google Scholar
Turkina, T.Iu. & Shablavina, E.A. (eds), 2017. Liudi. Zveri. Bogi. Predmety Pervobytnogo Iskusstva Severnogo Priural'ia. Katalog Vystavki [Peoples. Animals. Gods. Items of ancient art of northern Cis-Ural]. Syktyvkar: Natsional'nyi Muzei Respubliki Komi.Google Scholar
Valeri, V., 1994.Wild animals: hunting as sacrifice and sacrifice as hunting in Huaulu. History of Religion 34, 101–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verbov, G.D., 2018. Olenevodstvo u Nentsev [Nenets reindeer husbandry], in Nenetskoe Olenevodstvo: Geografiia, Etnografiia, Lingvistika [Nenets reindeer husbandry: geography, ethnography, linguistics], eds Arzyutov, D. & Lubinskaia, M.. St Petersburg: MAE RAN, 129–69.Google Scholar
Vigne, J.-D., 2011. The origins of animal domestication and husbandry: a major change in the history of humanity and the biosphere. Comptes Rendus Biologies 334, 171–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willerslev, R., 2007. Soul Hunters: Hunting, animism, and personhood among the Yukaghirs. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willerslev, R., Vitebsky, P. & Alekseyev, A., 2015. Sacrifice as the ideal hunt: a cosmological explanation for the origin of reindeer domestication. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeder, M.A., 2015. Core questions in domestication research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 112, 3191–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zen'ko-Nemchinova, M.A., 2006. Sibirskie Lesnye Nentsy: Istoriko-Etnograficheskie Ocherki [Siberian Forest Nenets: Historical-ethnographical essays]. Ekaterinburg: Basko.Google Scholar
Zykov, A.P., Koksharov, S.F., Terekhova, L.M. & Fedorova, N.V., 1994. Ugorskoe Nasledie: Drevnosti Zapadnoi Sibiri iz Sobranii Ural'skogo Universiteta [Ugry inheritance: antiquity of western Siberia based on the Ural University collections]. Ekaterinburg: Vneshtorgidzat.Google Scholar