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³⁰ Brearley, “International Wool Market,” 136. After 1900, growers not selling direct from the farm used commission agents to consign their wool, which would be offered to the fifty or sixty firms operating in the main markets, Buenos Aires and Bahia Blanca (Australia, Statistical Handbook of the Sheep and Wool Industry, 77). See also Brown, Jonathon C., “Dynamics and Autonomy of a Traditional Marketing System: Buenos Aires, 1810–1860,” Hispanic American Historical Review 56, no. 4 (1976)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Sabato, Hilda, “Wool Trade and Commercial Networks in Buenos Aires, 1840s to 1880s,” Journal of Latin American Studies 15, no. 1 (1983)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Sabato, Hilda, Agrarian Capitalism and the World Economy: Buenos Aires in the Pastoral Age, 1840–1890 (Albuquerque, 1990), chap. 6Google Scholar.

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³⁹ Ibid., 150–54.

⁴⁰ North, Institutions, chaps. 5 and 6.

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⁴⁵ Clapham, Woollen and Worsted Industries, 98.

⁴⁶ Textile Mercury, The Wool Year Book and Diary, 1915 (Manchester, 1915)Google Scholar, 40, 50; Statistical Handbook of the Sheep and Wool Industry, 19, table 21.

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⁴⁹ We owe this point to Malcolm Abbott.

⁵⁰ Ville, Rural Entrepreneurs; Butlin, Investment, 57–166.

⁵¹ The wool trade was both a result of and a contributor to a “network” resulting from the movement of people, goods, and capital within the British world, as described by Magee and Thompson, Empire and Globalisation.

⁵² Skinner, Skinner's Wool Trade Directory, 1948, lxxv–lxxxiii; Abbott, Malcolm, “Promoting Wool Internationally: The Formation of the International Wool Secretariat,” Australian Economic History Review 38, no. 3 (1998): 258–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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⁵⁵ Garside, Wool and the Wool Trade, chaps. 8–9; Du Plessis, Marketing of Wool, chap. 11.

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⁵⁸ Du Plessis, Marketing of Wool, 120, 135; Blau, “Wool in the World Economy,” 216–17.

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⁶⁴ “For two generations those sales [at the Wool Exchange in Coleman Street] have been the centre of the international wool trade,” Clapham, Woollen and Worsted Industries, 91.

⁶⁵ Blau, “Wool in the World Economy,” 184–85, table 4.

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⁷¹ Textile Mercury, Wool Year Book, 1915, 422–23; Textile Mercury, Wool Year Book, 1930 (Manchester, 1930), 82Google Scholar; Barker and Priestley, Wool Carding and Combing, 233–34.

⁷² Textile Mercury, Wool Year Book, 1915, 465.

⁷³ Ibid., 62–63.

⁷⁴ “The success of grading depended entirely on the extent to which each bale contained wool of one quality only and each lot contained bales of even quality,” Barnard, The Australian Wool Market, 81.

⁷⁵ Du Plessis, Marketing of Wool, 58–59; Barker and Priestley, Wool Carding and Combing, 69, 105.

⁷⁶ Barker and Priestley, Wool Carding and Combing, 97, 129–39, 144–87.

⁷⁷ Classing prior to auction cost British top makers 15 to 18 pence per 240 pounds (weight) of wool; see Textile Mercury, Wool Year Book, 1915, 93. For classing costs in Australia, see Jeffrey, Geoffrey, The Principles and Practice of Australasian Woolclassing (Adelaide, 1899), 45Google Scholar; and Smith, Henry B., The Sheep and Wool Industry of Australasia (Melbourne, 1917), 89Google Scholar.

⁷⁸ Blau, “Wool in the World Economy,” 191.

⁷⁹ Sabato, Agrarian Capitalism, 229.

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⁸¹ Price categories at London auctions were “super,” “average to good,” and “inferior to average.” Textile Mercury, Wool Year Book, 1930, 51.

⁸² Sabato, Agrarian Capitalism, 229–30.

⁸³ Sabato, “Wool Trade and Commercial Networks,” 60.

⁸⁴ Du Plessis, Marketing of Wool, 102.

⁸⁵ Fibers comprised around 16 percent of all primary products exports in 1913 and 1928, and about 10 percent of all merchandise exports in those years. See Yates, P. Lamartine, Forty Years of Foreign Trade (London, 1959), 222–23Google Scholar, table A.16.

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⁸⁸ Donald Coleman, “Man-Made Fibres before 1945,” in Cambridge History of Western Textiles, ed., Jenkins, 994.

⁸⁹ Scott, Institutions and Organizations.

⁹⁰ See Merrett and Ville, “Institution Building and Variation,” for an account of interselling center differences within Australia.

⁹¹ Acemoglu and Robinson, Why Nations Fail.