^{page 387 note 1} The meeting took place at the University of Toronto on Sept. 14, 1958, following the eighteenth annual meeting of the Economic History Association. The participants included: Thomas C. Cochran of Pennsylvania, W. T. Easterbrook of Toronto, F. C. Fowke of Saskatchewan, Andrew B. Jack of M.I.T., Kenneth H. Myers, Jr. and Harold F. Williamson of Northwestern, Fritz L. Redlich of Harvard, John E. Sawyer of Yale, George R. Taylor of Amherst, Orange A. Smalley of Loyola (Chicago), and Hugh G. J. Aitken of University of California at Riverside. Edwin C. Greif, Vermont, was invited as a representative of the American Marketing Association.

^{page 389 note 2} Dr. Burleigh Gardner, Social Research, Inc. (Social Anthropologist)

Dr. Charles Slater, Arthur D. Little, Inc. (Economist and Business Consultant)

Professor Harold F. Williamson, Northwestern University (Economics)

Professor Orange A. Smalley, Loyola University (Marketing)

Professor Ralph Westfall, Northwestern University (Marketing)

Professor Kenneth H. Myers, Jr., Northwestern University (Production Management)

Professor Edward Taaffe, Northwestern University (Geography)

^{page 397 note 3} Landes, W. S., Survey of Japanese Industrial Productivity (U.S. Overseas Mission/ Japan, TOICA: A-183, January 1, 1956)Google Scholar.

^{page 402 note 1} Anshen, Ruth N., ed., Moral Principles of Action (New York, 1952).Google Scholar

^{page 409 note 1} Hotchkiss, George B., An Outline of Advertising (3d ed.; New York, 1950), p. 22.Google Scholar

^{page 409 note 2} Presbrey, Frank, The History and Development of Advertising (New York, 1929), p. 161.Google Scholar

^{page 409 note 3} Times (London), The History of the Times, Vol. I., p. 20. Also, Lee, Alfred M., The Daily Newspaper in America (New York, 1937), p. 181.Google Scholar

^{page 409 note 4} James M. Lee, History of American Journalism (Boston, 1923), p. 72.

^{page 409 note 5} Alfred M. Lee, The Daily Newspaper in America, pp. 31–32.

^{page 410 note 6} Payne, George H., History of Journalism in the United States (New York, 1926), p. 57.Google Scholar

^{page 410 note 7} James M. Lee, History of American Journalism, p. 18.

^{page 410 note 8} Payne, op. cit., p. 21.

^{page 410 note 9} Presbrey, op. cit., p. 122.

^{page 411 note 10} Payne, op. cit., p. 26.

^{page 411 note 11} Presbrey, op. cit., p. 126.

^{page 411 ntoe 12} Ibid., p. 126.

^{page 412 note 13} Ibid., p. 127.

^{page 412 note 14} Ibid., p. 129.

^{page 412 note 15} Payne, op. cit., p. 26.

^{page 412 note 16} Ibid., p. 27.

^{page 412 note 17} DeArmond, Anna J., Andrew Bradford Colonial Journalist (Newark, Delaware, 1949), p. 51.Google Scholar See also, Payne, op. cit., p. 27.

^{page 412 note 18} Presbrey, op. cit., p. 129.

^{page 412 note 19} Cook, Elizabeth C., Literary Influences in Colonial Newspapers 1704–1750 (New York, 1912), p. 8.Google Scholar See also, Presbrey, op. cit., pp. 128–129.

^{page 413 note 20} Brigham, Clarence S., History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690–1820, Vol. 1 (Worcester, 1947), p. 327.Google Scholar

^{page 413 note 21} DeArmond, op. cit., p. 42.

^{page 413 note 22} James Franklin was replaced after one year because Brooker lost both the postmastership and The Gazette. Between 1719 and 1739, this paper was owned and operated by no less than five postmasters. In spite of this shaky start, The Gazette was published continuously until 1798.

^{page 413 note 23} James M. Lee, History of American Journalism, p. 72.

^{page 413 note 24} Presbrey, op. cit., pp. 131, 133.

^{page 413 note 25} Payne, op. cit., pp. 30–31.

^{page 413 note 26} DeArmond, op. cit., p. 216.

^{page 413 note 27} Payne, op. cit., p. 32. See also DeArmond, op. cit.

^{page 413 note 28} Thomas, Isaiah, The History of Printing in America, Vol. 1 (Albany, New York, 1874), p. 111.Google Scholar

^{page 413 note 29} DeArmond, op. cit. The Courant lasted from August, 1721, to June, 1726.

^{page 414 note 30} Ibid., p. 12.

^{page 414 note 31} Ibid., pp. 1–6, 25. He inherited from both sides of his family the tradition of the press. Both his grandparents were well-established printers and publishers in London, while his father, William Bradford, was New York's first printer.

^{page 414 note 32} Ibid., p. 41.

^{page 414 note 33} Ibid., pp. 40–41.

^{page 414 note 34} Ibid., p. 41.

^{page 414 note 35} Ibid., p. 43.

^{page 415 note 36} Payne, op. cit., pp. 40–41.

^{page 415 note 37} DeArmond, op. cit., pp. 20, 44. By staying out of politics he was able to keep the lucrative job as government printer, and in 1728 he was awarded the postmastership, which post enabled Bradford to circulate his paper free of charge.

^{page 415 note 38} DeArmond, op. cit., pp. 20, 34. Bradford also had a financial interest in an iron foundry and speculated in real estate.

^{page 415 note 39} James M. Lee, History of American Journalism, pp. 68, 72.

^{page 415 note 40} Payne, op. cit., p. 40. See also DeArmond, op. cit., p. 21.

^{page 415 note 41} DeArmond, op. cit., pp. 22–23.

^{page 415 note 42} Ibid., p. 48.

^{page 415 note 43} Ibid., p. 157.

^{page 415 note 44} Ibid., pp. 47–48.

^{page 416 note 45} Ibid., p. 48.

^{page 416 note 46} Ibid., pp. 157–158.

^{page 416 note 47} Wallace, John W., An Address Delivered at the Celebration by the New York Historical Society, May 20, 1863, of the Two Hundredth Birthday of Mr. William Bradford, who Introduced the Art of Printing into the Middle Colonies of British America (Albany, New York, 1863), p. 86.Google Scholar

^{page 416 note 48} James M. Lee, History of American Journalism, pp. 37–38.

^{page 416 note 49} It will be remembered that the first American newspaper advertisement was William Bradford's Oyster Bay real estate announcement that appeared in the third number of Campbell's Boston News-Letter.

^{page 417 note 50} Montgomery, D. H., The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (Boston, 1927), p. 73.Google Scholar

^{page 417 note 51} Oswald, John C., Benjamin Franklin Printer (New York, 1917), p. 98.Google Scholar

^{page 417 note 52} In his autobiography, Franklin describes in detail his plan for self-improvement. His method is still used today in sales training courses. During his first year with The Gazette, he won from Bradford the printing of the laws through personalized sampling of his work.

^{page 417 note 53} Montgomery, op. cit., p. 74.

^{page 418 note 54} Payne, op. cit., p. 64.

^{page 418 note 55} Presbrey, op. cit., p. 133.

^{page 418 note 56} Ibid., p. 137.

^{page 418 note 57} Ibid., p. 133.

^{page 419 note 58} Ibid., p. 136.

^{page 419 note 59} Payne, op. cit., pp. 65–66, and Presbrey, op. cit., pp. 144–145.

^{page 419 note 60} Ibid., p. 56.

^{page 419 note 61} Presbrey, op. cit., pp. 142–143.