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²⁹ See, e.g., Lance Morrow, “The Burnout of Almost Everyone,” Time, 21 Sept. 1981, 84.

³⁰ For works on the history of neurasthenia and stress, see Caplan, Eric, Mind Games: American Culture and the Birth of Psychotherapy (Berkeley, 1998)Google Scholar; Becker, Dana, One Nation under Stress: The Trouble with Stress as an Idea (New York, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Viner, Russell, “Putting Stress in Life: Hans Selye and the Making of Stress Theory,” Social Studies of Science 29, no. 3 (1999): 391–410 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Watkins, Elizabeth Siegel, “Stress and the American Vernacular: Popular Perceptions of Disease Causality,” in Stress, Shock, and Adaptation in the Twentieth Century, ed. Cantor, David and Ramsden, Edmund (Rochester, N.Y., 2014)Google Scholar.

³¹ Rebecca Radner, “Burn Out: When You Can't Do Your Job—and Don't Know Why,” BankAmerican, Jan. 1980, 3.

³² Freudenberger, Herbert J., “The Staff Burn-Out Syndrome in Alternative Institutions,” Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 12, no. 1 (1975): 77, 73CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³³ Ibid., 77.

³⁴ Anxiety about authoritarian leadership became even more conspicuous following the publication of Theodor Adorno et al.’s The Authoritarian Personality in 1950. For works that supported a new vision of leadership, particularly in business, see, e.g., Argyris, Chris, Increasing Leadership Effectiveness (New York, 1976)Google Scholar; Warren G. Bennis, “Revisionist Theory of Leadership,” Harvard Business Review, Jan./Feb. 1961, 26–28, 31, 34, 36, 146, 148, 150; and David C. McClelland and David Burnham, “Power Is the Great Motivator,” Harvard Business Review, Mar./Apr. 1976, 100–110.

³⁵ Maccoby, Michael, The Leader: A New Face for American Management (New York, 1981), 221Google Scholar.

³⁶ Freudenberger, Herbert J., “Burn-Out: The Organizational Menace,” Training and Development Journal 31, no. 7 (1977): 27 Google Scholar.

³⁷ Ibid.

³⁸ Ibid., 26.

³⁹ Ibid., 27.

⁴⁰ Herbert J. Freudenberger and Geraldine Richelson, “How to Survive Burn Out,” Nation's Business, Dec. 1980, 55.

⁴¹ Ibid., 56.

⁴² Ibid.

⁴³ Harry Levinson, “When Executives Burn Out,” Harvard Business Review, May/June 1981, 73.

⁴⁴ Ibid., 77.

⁴⁵ Ibid., 81.

⁴⁶ Ibid.

⁴⁷ Excerpted from the credits page of the Spring 1982 issue of California Management Review.

⁴⁸ Glicken, Morley D. and Janka, Katherine, “Executives under Fire: The Burnout Syndrome,” California Management Review 24, no. 3 (1982): 67 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁴⁹ Ibid.

⁵⁰ Ibid., 69.

⁵¹ Ibid.

⁵² Ibid., 72.

⁵³ Ibid.

⁵⁴ Ibid.

⁵⁵ Whyte, William H. Jr., The Organization Man (Garden City, N.Y., 1956), 14 Google Scholar.

⁵⁶ McGregor, Douglas, The Human Side of Enterprise: Annotated Edition (New York, 2006), 75 Google Scholar.

⁵⁷ Ibid., 74, 102.