Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T06:02:31.196Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

How Personality and Moral Identity Relate to Individuals’ Ethical Ideology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2015

Abstract

Two studies tested the relationship between three facets of personality—conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience—as well as moral identity, on individuals’ ethical ideology. Study 1 showed that moral personality and the centrality of moral identity to the self were associated with a more principled (versus expedient) ethical ideology in a sample of female speech therapists. Study 2 replicated these findings in a sample of male and female college students, and showed that ideology mediated the relationship between personality, moral identity, and two organizationally relevant outcomes: organizational citizenship behavior and the propensity to morally disengage. Implications for business ethics are discussed.

Type
Special Issue Behavioral Ethics: A New Empirical Perspective on Business Ethics Research
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Business Ethics 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. 1991. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Altemeyer, R. A. 1996. The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Anand, A., Ashforth, B., & Joshi, M. 2005. Business as usual: The acceptance and perpetuation of corruption in organizations. Academy of Management Executive, 19(4): 1016.Google Scholar
Aquino, K., Freeman, D., Reed, A., Lim, V. K. G., & Felps, W. In press. Testing a social cognitive model of moral behavior: The interaction of situational factors and moral identity centrality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.Google Scholar
Aquino, K., & Reed, A. 2002. The self-importance of moral identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6): 142340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aquino, K., Reed, A. II, Thau, S., & Freeman, D. 2007. A grotesque and dark beauty: How the self-importance of moral identity and the mechanisms of moral disengagement influence cognitive and emotional reactions to war. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43: 38592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. 1986. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. 1991. Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. Handbook of Moral Thought and Behavior, 1: 45103.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. 1999. Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3: 193209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G., & Pastorelli, C. 1996 Mechanisms of moral disengagement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80: 12535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., & Regalia, C. 2001. Sociocognitive self-regulatory mechanisms governing transgressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80: 12535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bardes, M., & Ambrose, M. L. 2008. Antecedents of abusive supervision: The effects of the supervisor, the subordinate, and the situation. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Baron, R. A., & Kenny, D. A. 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 117382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Batson, C. D., Thompson, E. R., Seuferling, G., Whitney, H., & Strongman, J. A. 1999. Moral hypocrisy: Appearing moral to oneself without being so. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(3): 52537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, C. M., Ones, D. S., & Sackett, P. R. 2007. Interpersonal deviance, organizational devience and their common correlates: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 41024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blasi, A. 1984. Moral identity: Its role in moral functioning. In Kurtines, W. M. & Gewirtz, J. L. (Eds.), Morality, moral behavior, and moral development: 12839. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Brady, F. N., & Wheeler, G. E. 1996. An empirical study of ethical predispositions. Journal of Business Ethics, 15: 92740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brief, A. P., Buttram, R. T., & Dukerich, J. M. 2000. Collective corruption in the corporate world: Toward a process model. In Turner, M. E. (Ed.), Groups at work: Advances in theory and research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.Google Scholar
Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., Judge, T. A., & Shaw, J. C. 2006. Justice and personality: Using integrative theories to derive moderators of justice effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100: 11027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Raad, B., Hendriks, A. A. J., & Hofstee, W. K. B. 1992. Towards a refined structure of personality traits. European Journal of. Personality, 6: 30119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Detert, J. R., Treviño, L. K., & Sweitzer, V. L. 2008. Moral disengagement in ethical decision making: A study of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93: 37491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donahue, M., & Benson, P. 1995. Religion and the well-being of adolescents. Journal of Social Issues, 51: 14560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duffy, M. K., Aquino, K., Tepper, B. J., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. 2006. Moral disengagement and social identification: when does being similar result in harm doing? Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Honolulu, Hawaii.Google Scholar
Duffy, M. K., Tepper, B. J., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. 2002. Moral disengagement and antisocial behavior at work. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the Southern Management Association, Atlanta.Google Scholar
Forsyth, D. R. 1980. A taxonomy of ethical ideologies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39: 17584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gioia, G. A. 1992. Pinto fires and personal ethics: A script analysis of missed opportunities. Journal of Business Ethics, 11: 37989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, L. R. 1993. The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48: 2634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haidt, J. 2001. The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108: 81434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, E. T. 1996. The “self digest”: Self-knowledge serving self-regulatory functions. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 71: 106283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofstee, W. K. B., de Raad, B., & Goldberg, L. R. 1992. Integration of the big 5 and circumplex approaches to trait structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63: 14663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, R. M., & Schlenker, B. R. 2007. Assessing the commitment to ethical principles: Psychometric properties of the Integrity Scale. Manuscript under review, University of Florida.Google Scholar
Joireman, J., Kamdar, D., Daniels, D., & Duell, B. 2006. Good citizens to the end? It depends: Empathy and concern with future consequences moderate the impact of a short-term time horizon on OCBs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 130720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. 2003. Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3): 33975.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kedem, P., & Cohen, D. 1987. The effects of religious education on moral judgment. Journal of Psychology and Judaism, 11: 414.Google Scholar
Kohlberg, L. 1969. Stage and sequence: The cognitive developmental approach to socialization. In Goslin, D. A. (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory: 347480. Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Lippman, L., Michelsen, E., & Roehlekepartain, E. C. 2005. Indicators of child, family and community connections: The measurement of family religiosity and spirituality. Paper prepared for Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, HHS for the contract, Indicators of Child, Family, and Community Connections (Contract no. HHS-100-01-0011 (05).Google Scholar
Lodi-Smith, J., & Roberts, B. W. 2007. Social investment and personality: A meta-analysis of the relationship of personality traits to investment in work, family, religion, and volutneerism. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11: 6886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loevinger, J. 1976. Ego development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Markus, H., & Kunda, Z. 1986. Stability and malleability in the self-concept in the perception of others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 85866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuba, M. K., & Walker, L. J. 2004. Extraordinary moral commitment: Young adults involved in social organizations. Journal of Personality, 72(2): 41336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McAdams, D. P. In press. The moral personality. In Narvaez, D. & Lapsley, D. K. (Eds.), Moral personality, identity, and character: Prospects for a new field of study. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr. 1980. Openness to experience and ego level in Loevinger’s sentence-completion test: Dispositional contributions to developmental models of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39: 117990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Organ, D. W. 1988. Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome, 1st ed. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company.Google Scholar
Oyserman, D. 2007. Social identity and self-regulation. In Kruglanski, A. W. & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles, 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Porath, C., Duffy, M., & Guttentag, M. 2005. Why do they do it? The role of group cohesion, moral disengagement and leadership in fraudulent reporting. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Honolulu, Hawaii.Google Scholar
Reed, A., II, & Aquino, K. 2003. Moral identity and the circle of moral regard toward out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84: 127086.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reich, W. 1990. Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Reynolds, S. 2006. Moral awareness and ethical predispositions: Investigating the role of individual differences in the recognition of moral issues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 23343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, S. J., & Ceranic, T. L. 2007. The effects of moral judgment and moral identity on moral behavior: An empirical examination of the moral individual. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 161024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, B. W., & Hogan, R. (Eds.). 2001. Personality psychology in the workplace. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. 1996. The language of personality: Lexical perspectives on the five-factor model. In Wiggins, J. S. (Ed.), The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives: 2150. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Schlenker, B. R. 2008. Integrity and character: Implications of principled and expedient ethical ideologies. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27: 10781125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlenker, B. R., Miller, M. L. & Johnson, R. M. In press. Moral identity, integrity, and personal responsibility. In Narvaez, D. & Lapsley, D. K. (Eds.), Moral personality, identity, and character: Prospects for a new field of study. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schlenker, B. R., Weigold, M. F., & Schlenker, K. A. 2008. What makes a hero? The impact of integrity on admiration and interpersonal judgment. Journal of Personality, 76: 32355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, B. 1987. The people make the place. Personnel Psychology, 40: 43753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shao, R., Aquino, K., & Freeman, D. 2008. Beyond moral reasoning: A review of moral identity research and its implications for business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 18: 51340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. 1983. Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68: 65363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobel, M. E. 1982. Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In Leinhart, S. (Ed.), Sociological Methodology 1982: 290312. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Treviño, L. K., Weaver, G. R., & Reynolds, S. J. 2006. Behavioral ethics in organizations: A review. Journal of Management, 32: 95190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, L. J., & Frimer, J. A. 2007. Moral personality of brave and caring exemplars. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93: 84560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, L. J., & Frimer, J. A. In press. Moral personality exemplified. In Narvaez, D. & Lapsley, D. K. (Eds.), Moral personality, identity, and character: Prospects for a new field of study. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Weaver, G. 2006. Virtue in organizations. Organization Studies, 27: 34168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, G., & Agle, B. 2002. Religiosity and ethical behavior in organizations: A symbolic interactionist perspective. Academy of Management Review, 27: 7797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zellars, K., Tepper, B., & Duffy, M. 2002. Abusive supervision and subordinates’ organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87: 106876.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed