Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T12:30:29.441Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

If Fairness is the Problem, Is Consent the Solution? Integrating ISCT and Stakeholder Theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2015

Abstract:

Work on stakeholder theory has proceeded on a variety of fronts; as Donaldson and Preston (1995) have noted, such work can be parsed into descriptive, instrumental, and normative research streams. In a normative vein, Phillips (1997) has made an argument for a principle of fairness as a means of identifying and adjudicating among stakeholders. In this essay, I propose that a reconstructed principle of fairness can be combined with the idea of consent as outlined in integrative social contract theory (ISCT) to bring about a more normative stakeholder theory that also has ramifications for corporate governance.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Business Ethics 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alkhafaji, A. F. 1989. A Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Governance: Managing in a Dynamic Environment. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books.Google Scholar
Atkins, M. and Lowe, J. 1994. Stakeholders and the strategy formulation process in small and medium businesses. International Small Business Journal 12: 1224.Google Scholar
Atkinson, A. A.; Waterhouse, J. H.; and Wells, R. G. 1997. A stakeholder approach to strategic performance management. Sloan Management Review, Spring, pp. 2537.Google Scholar
Berle, A. A. and Means, G. C. 1932. The Modern Corporation and Private Property. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Blair, M. M. 1995. Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty-first Century. Washington: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Boatright, J. R. 1994. Fiduciary responsibilities and the stakeholder paradox: Or, what’s so special about shareholders? Business Ethics Quarterly 4: 393407.Google Scholar
Burke, L. and Logsdon, J. M. 1996. How corporate social responsibility pays off. Long Range Planning 29: 495502.Google Scholar
Calton, J. M. 1996. Legitimizing stakeholder voice: The normative argument for institutionalizing moral discourse. In Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the International Association for Business and Society, ed. Logsdon, J. M. and Rebein, K., pp. 555560.Google Scholar
Calton, J. M. and Lad, L. L. 1995. Social contracting as a trust-building form of network governance. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5: 271290.Google Scholar
Calton, J. M. and Payne, S. L. 1999. Reflexive discourse on organizational journeys to a pluralist world: Getting there by linking talk and action. Paper presented at the 1999 Society for Business Ethics Annual Meeting, Chicago.Google Scholar
CERES report standard form, 1998.Google Scholar
Chamberlain, N. L. 1973. The Limits of Corporate Responsibility. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Clarkson, M. B. E. 1994. A risk based model of stakeholder theory. Proceedings of the Second Toronto Conference Theory on Stakeholder Theory. University of Toronto, Centre for Corporate Social Performance and Ethics.Google Scholar
Clarkson, M. B. E. 1995. A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review 20: 92117.Google Scholar
Clarkson, M. B. E. 1998. Introduction. In The Corporation and Its Stakeholders: Classic and Contemporary Readings, ed. Clarkson, M. B. E., pp. 19. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coase, R. 1937. The nature of the firm. Economica 4: 386405.Google Scholar
Coase, R. 1960. The problem of social cost. The Journal of Law and Economics 3: 144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conry, E. J. 1995. A critique of social contracts for business. Business Ethics Quarterly 5: 187212.Google Scholar
Donaldson, T. 1982. Corporations and Morality. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Donaldson, T. and Dunfee, T. W. 1994. Toward a unified conceptualization of business ethics: Integrative Social Contract Theory. Academy of Management Review 19: 252284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, T. and Dunfee, T. W. 1999. Ties that Bind: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics. Boston: HBS Press.Google Scholar
Donaldson, T. and Preston, L. E. 1995. The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review 20: 6591.Google Scholar
Dunfee, T. W. 1991. Business ethics and extant social contracts. Business Ethics Quarterly 1: 2351.Google Scholar
Dunfee, T. W. and Donaldson, T. 1995. Contractarian business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly 5: 173186.Google Scholar
Freeman, R. E. 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.Google Scholar
Freeman, R. E. 1994. The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions. Business Ethics Quarterly 4: 409421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, R. E. and Evan, W. M. 1990. Corporate governance: A stakeholder perspective. Journal of Behavioral Economics 19: 337359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, R. E. and Reed, D. L. 1983. Stockholders and stakeholders: A new perspective on corporate governance. California Management Review 25: 8394.Google Scholar
Friedman, M. 1962/1982. Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gauthier, D. 1986. Morals by Agreement. Oxofrd: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Goodpaster, K. E. 1991. Business ethics and stakeholder analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly 1: 5373.Google Scholar
Gregory, R. and Keeney, R. L. 1994. Creating policy alternatives using stakeholder values. Management Science 40: 103555.Google Scholar
Hare, R. M. 1952. The Language of Morals. London: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Heald, M. 1970. The Social Responsibilities of Business. Cleveland: Case Western University Press.Google Scholar
Jensen, M. C. and Mechling, W. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and capital structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3: 305360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, A.; Zacharias, L.; and Karson, M. 1995. Managers vs. Owners: The Struggle for Corporate Control in American Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Krieg, E. J. 1995. A socio-historical interpretation of toxic waste sites: The case of greater Boston. American Journal of Economics and Sociology 54: 115.Google Scholar
Langtry, B. 1994. Stakeholders and the moral responsibilities of business. Business Ethics Quarterly 4: 431443.Google Scholar
Mayer, D. and Cava, A. 1995. Social contract theory and gender discrimination. Business Ethics Quarterly 5: 257270.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. K.; Agle, B. R.; and Wood, D. J. 1997. Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review 22: 853886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nozick, R. 1969. Coercion. In Essays in Honor of Ernest Nagel: Philosophy, Science, and Method, ed. Morgenbresser, S., Suppes, P., and White, M., pp. 440472. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Phillips, R. A. 1997. Stakeholder theory and a principle of fairness. Business Ethics Quarterly 7: 5166.Google Scholar
Phillips, R. A. 1999. Stakeholder legitimacy. Paper presented at the 1999 Society for Business Ethics Annual Meeting, Chicago.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Boston: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Roe, M. J. and Blair, M. M. 1999. Employees and Corporate Governance. Washington: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Rousseau, D. M.Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements. Thousands Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Starik, M. 1995. Should trees have managerial standing? Toward stakeholder status for non-human nature. Journal of Business Ethics 14: 207213.Google Scholar
Stevenson, C. L. 1944. Ethics and Language. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Van Buren, H. J. III 1995a. The exploitation of Mexican workers. Business and Society Review 92 (Spring): 2933.Google Scholar
Van Buren, H. J. III 1995b. Business ethics for the new millennium. Business and Society Review 93 (Spring): 5155.Google Scholar
Williams, H. L. 1999. Mobile capital and transborder labor rights mobilization. Politics and Society 27: 139166.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. E. 1983. Corporate governance. Yale Law Journal 93: 11971230.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. E. and Winter, S. G., eds. 1991. The Nature of the Firm: Origins, Evolution, and Development. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar