Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T00:28:49.572Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Firms, Ex-offenders, and Communities: A Stakeholder Capability Enhancement Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2019

Jerry Goodstein*
Affiliation:
Washington State UniversityVancouver

Abstract:

This article contributes to the business ethics literature by applying and extending an emerging theoretical perspective—stakeholder capability enhancement (Westermann-Behaylo, Van Buren, & Berman, 2016)—to previously unexplored areas of business ethics inquiry related to work, dignity, and relationships between firms, ex-offenders, and other stakeholders. In particular, I direct attention to ex-offenders as critical community-based stakeholders pursuing employment opportunities with employers in these communities. I discuss how prevailing hiring practices in firms restrict opportunities for ex-offenders to obtain meaningful work and undermine stakeholder capabilities and dignity. I consider three primary pathways for expanding employment opportunities for ex-offenders, enhancing the capabilities and dignity of ex-offenders and other community-based stakeholders, and maintaining critical employer rights. The article concludes with a discussion of potential directions for future research.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Business Ethics 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arnold, D. G., & Bowie, N. E. 2003. Sweatshops and respect for persons. Business Ethics Quarterly, 13(2): 221–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, D. G., & Hartman, L. P. 2003. Moral imagination and the future of sweatshops. Business and Society Review, 108(4): 425–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benhabib, S. 1986. The generalized and the concrete other: The Kohlberg-Gilligan controversy and feminist theory in feminism as critique. Praxis International, 5(4): 402–24.Google Scholar
Bowie, N. E. 1998 A Kantian theory of capitalism. Business Ethics Quarterly (Ruffin Series): 3760.Google Scholar
Bushway, S., Stoll, M. A., & Welman, D. F. (Eds.). 2007. Barriers to re-entry? The labor market for released prisoners in post-industrial America . New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Chui, W. H., & Cheng, K. K. 2015. The mark of an ex-prisoner: Perceived discrimination and self-stigma of young men after prison in Hong Kong. Deviant Behavior, 34: 671–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, G. F., & Greve, H. R. 1997. Corporate elite networks and governance change in the 1980’s. American Journal of Sociology, 103(1): 137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demuijnck, G. 2008. Non-discrimination in human resource management as a moral obligation. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(1): 83101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fahey, J, Roberts, C., & Engel, L. 2006. Employment of ex-offenders: Employer perspectives. Crime and Justice Institute, Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
Fehr, R., & Gelfand, M. 2012. The forgiving organization: A multilevel model of forgiveness at work. Academy of Management Review, 37(4): 664–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Parmar, B. L., & DeColle, S. 2010. Stakeholder theory: The state of the art . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giguere, R., & Dundes, L. 2002. Help wanted: A survey of employer concerns about hiring ex-offenders. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 13: 396408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, C., & Wilson, D. B. 2017. Identifying the impact of service–need fit on recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior , 44(3): 336–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodstein, J., Butterfield, K. D., Pfarrer, M. D., & Wicks, A. C. 2014. Individual and organizational reintegration after ethical or legal transgressions: Challenges and opportunities. Business Ethics Quarterly, 24(3): 315–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. A. 2015. U.S. Penal-reform catalysts, drivers, and prospects. Punishment and Society, 17(3): 271–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., & Walumbwa, F. O. 2011. Relationships between authentic leadership, moral courage, and ethical and pro-social behaviors. Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(4): 555–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargrave, T. J. 2009. Moral imagination, collective action, and the achievement of moral outcomes. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(1): 87104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, L. P., Shaw, B., & Stevenson, R. 2003. Exploring the ethics and economics of global labor standards: A challenge to integrated social contract theory. Business Ethics Quarterly, 13(2): 193220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hlavaka, H. R., Wheelock, D., & Cossyleon, J. E. 2015. Narratives of commitment: Looking for work with a criminal record. The Sociological Review, 56: 213–36.Google Scholar
Holzer, H. J., Raphael, S., & Stoll, M. A. 2004. How willing are employers to hire ex-offenders? Focus , 23(2): 40–3.Google Scholar
Holzer, H. J., Raphael, S., & Stoll, M. A. 2007. The effect of an applicant’s criminal history on employer hiring decisions and screening practices: Evidence from Los Angeles. In Bushway, S., Stoll, M. A., & Welman, D. F. (Eds.), Barriers to re-entry. The labor market for released prisoners in post-industrial America: 117–51. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Jones, T. M., & Wicks, A. C. 1999. Convergent stakeholder theory. Academy of Management Review, 24(2): 206–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones Young, N. C., & Powell, G. N. 2014. Hiring ex-offenders: A theoretical model. Human Resource Management Review, 25: 298312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonson, C. L., & Cullen, F. T. 2015. Prisoner reentry programs. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 44: 57575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lageson, S. E., Vuolo, M., & Uggen, C. 2015. Legal ambiguities in managerial assessments of criminal records. Law and Social Inquiry, 40(1): 175204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, T. B., & Suddaby, R. 2006. Institutions and institutional work. In Clegg, S. R., Hardy, C., Lawrence, T. B., & Nord, W. R. (Eds.), Handbook of organization studies: 215–54. London, United Kingdom: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulik, C. T., Bainbridge, H. T. J., & Cregan, C. 2008. Known by the company we keep: Stigma-by-association effects in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 33(1): 216–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lam, H., & Harcourt, M. 2003. The use of criminal record in employment decisions: The rights of ex-offenders, employers, and the public. Journal of Business Ethics, 47: 237–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. 2001. Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27: 363–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutman, B., Lynch, C., & Monk-Turner, E. 2015. De-demonizing the “monstrous” drug addict: A qualitative look at social reintegration through rehabilitation and employment. Critical Criminology, 23: 5772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, J. D. 1998. Psychological pragmatism and the imperative of aims: A new approach for business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(3): 409–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, J. D. 2001. Responsibility in organizational context. Business Ethics Quarterly, 11(3): 431–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maruna, S. 2001. Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives . Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maruna, S., Lebel, T. P., Mitchell, N., & Naples, M. 2004. Pygmalion in the reintegration process: Desistance from crime through the looking glass. Crime and Law, 10(3): 271–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mauer, M. 2011. Addressing the political environment shaping mass incarceration. Criminology & Public Policy , 10(3): 699705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCall, J. J. 2001. Employee voice in corporate governance: A defense of strong participation rights. Business Ethics Quarterly, 11(1): 195213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, K. E., Stuewig, J. B., & Tangney, J. P. 2016. The Effect of Stigma on Criminal Offenders’ Functioning: A Longitudinal Mediational Model. Deviant Behavior, 37(2): 196218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morenoff, J. D., & Harding, D. J. 2014. Incarceration, prison reentry, and communities. Annual Review of Sociology , 40: 411–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nussbaum, M. 2006. Frontiers of justice. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, M. 2011. Creating capabilities. The human development approach. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pager, D. 2003. The mark of a criminal record. American Journal of Sociology, 108: 937–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pager, D. 2007. Marked: Race, crime, and finding work in an era of mass incarceration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, T. P. 2016. Some ethical considerations on the use of criminal records in the labor market: In defense of a new practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 139: 443–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pirson, M., Goodpaster, K., & Dierksmeier, C. 2016. Human dignity and business. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(4): 465–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portillo, J., & Block, W. E. 2012. Anti-discrimination laws: Undermining our rights. Journal of Business Ethics , 109: 209–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raphael, S. 2011. Incarceration and prisoner reentry in the U.S. The Annals of the American Academy , 635: 192215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ragins, B. R. 2008. Disclosure disconnects: Antecedents and consequences of disclosing invisible stigmas across life domains. Academy of Management Review, 33(1): 194215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robeyns, I. 2003. Sen’s capability approach and gender inequality: Selecting relevant capabilities. Feminist Economics, 9(2–3): 6192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robeyns, I. 2016. The capability approach. In Zalta, E. N. (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (winter 2016). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/capability-approach/.Google Scholar
Rodriquez, M. N., & Christman, A. 2015. Fair Chance – Ban the Box Tookit, National Employment Law Project, 1–47.Google Scholar
Rogers, K. M., Corley, K. G., & Ashforth, B. E. 2017. Seeing more than orange: Organizational respect and positive identity transformation in a prison context. Administrative Science Quarterly, 62(2): 219–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, W. R. 2014. Institutions and organizations (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Sen, A. 1985. Commodities and capabilities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sen, A. 1999. Development as freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.Google Scholar
Sison, A. J., Feffero, I., & Guitian, G. 2016. Human dignity and the dignity of work: Insights from Catholic Social Teaching. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(4): 503–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Subramanian, D., Verd, J. M., Vero, J., & Zimmerman, B. 2013. Bringing Sen’s capability approach to work and human resource practices. International Journal of Manpower, 34(4): 292304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visher, C. A., & Kachnowski, V. 2007. Finding work on the outside: Results from the “Returning Home” project in Chicago. In Bushway, S., Stoll, M. A., & Welman, D. F. (Eds.), Barriers to re-entry. The labor market for released prisoners in post-industrial America: 80113. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Visher, C. A., Debus-Sherrill, S. A., & Yahner, J. 2011. Employment after prison: A longitudinal study of former prisoners. Prisoner Justice Quarterly, 28(5): 698718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werhane, P. 1999. Moral imagination and management decision making. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Werhane, P. 2002. Moral imagination and systems thinking. Journal of Business Ethics, 38: 3342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westermann-Behaylo, M. K., Van Buren, H. J. III, & Berman, S. L. 2016. Stakeholder capability enhancement as a path to promote human dignity and cooperative advantage. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(4): 529–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Western, B. 2007. The prison boom and the decline of American citizenship, Society, 44(5): 3036.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiegand, A., Sussell, J., Valentine, E., & Henderson, B. 2015. Evaluation of the re-integration of ex-offenders (RExO) program: Two-year impact report. Report prepared for Department of Labor by Social Policy Research Associates.Google Scholar
Williams, K. 2007. Employing ex-offenders: Shifting the evaluation of workplace risks and opportunities from employees to corrections. UCLA Law Review, 55(2).Google Scholar
Zietsma, C., Groenewegen, P., Logue, M. D., & Hinings, C. R., 2017. Field or fields? Building the scaffolding for cumulation of research on institutional fields. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1): 391450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar