Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T12:21:14.976Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Common Good Perspective on Diversity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2020

Sandrine Frémeaux*
Affiliation:
Audencia Business School

Abstract

Drawing upon the theoretical debate on the concept of common good involving, in particular, Sison and Fontrodona (2012), I aim to show how the common good principle can serve as the basis for a new diversity perspective. Each of the three dominant diversity approaches—equality, diversity management, and inclusion—runs the ethical risk of focusing on community or individual levels, or on particular disciplines—economic, social, or moral. This article demonstrates that the common good principle could mitigate the ethical risks inherent to each of these diversity approaches. There are three positive aspects to a comprehensive common good perspective: 1) it includes considering different community levels, which it connects by subsidiarity, 2) it embraces the moral, social, and economic fields, which it connects by teleological hierarchy, and 3) it avoids the risk of exclusion by generating a sense of solidarity.

Type
Article
Copyright
©2020 Business Ethics Quarterly

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acevedo, A. 2012. Personalist business ethics and humanistic management: Insights from Jacques Maritain. Journal of Business Ethics, 105: 197219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akrivou, K., & Sison, A.J. 2016. The challenges of capitalism for virtue ethics and the common good: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Cheltanham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alford, H., & Naughton, M. 2002. Beyond the shareholder model of the firm: Working toward the common good of a business. In Cortright, S. A. & Naughton, M. J. (Eds.), Rethinking the purpose of business: Interdisciplinary essays from the Catholic social tradition: 2747. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Ali, M., & Konrad, A. M. 2017. Antecedents and consequences of diversity and equality management systems: The importance of gender diversity in the TMT and lower to middle management. European Management Journal, 35(4): 440453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Argandona, A. 1998. The stakeholder theory and the common good. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(9/10): 10931102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arjoon, S., Turriago-Hoyos, A., & Thoene, U. 2018. Virtuousness and the common good as a conceptual framework for harmonizing the goals of the individual, organizations, and the economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 147: 143163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Audi, R. 2012. Virtue ethics as a resource in business. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(2): 273291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avolio, B., Waldman, D., & McDaniel, M. A. 1990. Age and work performance in nonmanagerial jobs: The effects of experience and occupational type. Academy of Management Journal, 33: 407422.Google Scholar
Barrera, A. 2001. The common good as due order and due proportion. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Barinaga, E. 2007. Cultural diversity at work: National culture as a discourse organizing an international project group. Human Relations, 60: 315340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beabout, G. R. 2012. Management as a domain-relative practice that requires and develops practical wisdom. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(2): 405432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M. P., Özbilgin, M. F., Beauregard, T. A., & Sürgevil, O. 2011. Voice, silence, and diversity in 21st century organizations: Strategies for inclusion of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender employees. Human Resource Management, 50(1): 131146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bendick, M., Egan, M. L., & Lanier, L. 2010. The business case for diversity and the perverse practice of matching employees to customers. Personnel Review, 39: 468486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, S. E., & Hou, Y. 2015. Redundant heterogeneity and group performance. Organization Science, 26(1): 3751.Google Scholar
Blalock, H. M. 1967. Toward a theory of minority group relations. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Bok, S. 2002. Common values. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press.Google Scholar
Bowen, F., & Blackmon, K. 2003. Spirals of silence: The dynamic effects of diversity on organizational voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6): 13931417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buber, M. 1937. I and thou. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.Google Scholar
Buengeler, C., Leroy, H., & De Stobbeleir, K. 2018. How leaders shape the impact of HR’s diversity practices on employee inclusion. Human Resource Management Review, 28(3): 289303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buse, K., Bernstein, R., & Bilimoria, D. 2016. The influence of board diversity, board diversity policies and pratices, and board inclusion behaviors on nonprofit governance practices. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(1): 179191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chavez, C. I., & Weisinger, J. Y. 2008. Beyond diversity training: A social infusion for cultural inclusion, Human Resource Management, 47: 331350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constant, B. 1988. The liberty of the ancients compared with that of the moderns. In Fontana, B. (Ed. and Trans.), Political writings: 307328. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cox, T., & Blake, S. 1991. Managing cultural diversity: Implications for organizational competitiveness. Academy of Management Executive, 5(3): 4556.Google Scholar
Cox, T. 1993. Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research and practice. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.Google Scholar
Cremers, M. 2017. What corporate governance can learn from Catholic social teaching. Journal of Business Ethics, 145: 711724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dameron, S., & Joffre, O. 2007. The good and the bad: The impact of diversity management on co-operative relationships. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18: 20372056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Bettignies, H.-C., & Lépineux, F. 2009. Can multinational corporations afford to ignore the global common good? Business and Society Review, 114(2): 153182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deissenberg, C. G., & Alvarez, G. 2002. Cheating for the common good in a macroeconomic policy game. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 26(9/10): 14571479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delbridge, R., & Sallaz, J. J. 2015. Work: Four worlds and ways of seeing. Organization Studies, 36(11): 14491462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Del Carmen, T. M., Miller, T. L., & Trzebiatowski, T. M. 2014. The double-edged nature of board gender diversity: Diversity, firm performance and the power of women directors as predictors of strategic change. Organization Science, 25(2): 609632.Google Scholar
Dierksmeier, C., & Celano, A. 2012. Thomas Aquinas on justice as a global virtue in business. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(2): 247272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobusch, L. 2017. Gender, Dis-/ability and diversity management. Gender, Work & Organization, 25(5): 487505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, T. 1996. Values in tension: Ethics away from home. Havard Business Review, 74(5): 4857.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. 2002. Sovereign Virtue: The theory and practice of equality. London: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Edelman, L. B., Fuller, S. R., & Mara-Drita, I. 2001. Diversity rhetoric and the managerialization of law. American Journal of Sociology, 106: 15891641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ely, R., & Roberts, L. M. 2008. Shifting frames in team-diversity research: From difference to relationships. In Brief, A. P. (Ed.), Diversity at work: 175201. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferdman, B. 2017. Paradoxes of inclusion: understanding and managing the tensions of diversity and multiculturalism. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 53(2): 235263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzsimmons, S. R. 2013. Multicultural employees: a framework for understanding how they contribute to organizations. Academy of Management Review, 38(4): 525549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frémeaux, S., & Michelson, G. 2011. ‘No strings attached’: Welcoming the existential gift in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(1), 6375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frémeaux, S., & Michelson, G. 2017. The common good of the firm and humanistic management: Conscious capitalism and economy of communion. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(4): 701709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frémeaux, S., Puyou, F.-R., & Michelson, G. 2018. Beyond accountants as technocrats: A common good perspective. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2018.07.003.Google Scholar
Gichure, C. W. 2006. A different kind of capital: Qualities that add value to the ends of business and leadership. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(1): 95102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giovanola, B. 2009. Re-thinking the anthropological and ethical foundation of economics and business: Human richness and capabilities enhancement. Journal of Business Ethics, 88, 431444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gustafson, A. 2018. The challenges of capitalism for virtue ethics and the common good: Interdisciplinary perspectives, edited by Kleio Akrivou and Alejo José G. Sison (book review). Business Ethics Quarterly, 28(1): 99102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guzzo, R. A., & Shea, G. P. 1992. Group performance and intergroup relations in organizations. In Dunnette, M. D. & Hough, L. M. (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology: 269313. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Harrison, D. A., Price, H. H., & Bell, M. P. 1998. Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surface and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion, Academy of Management Journal, 41: 96107.Google Scholar
Harrison, D. A., & Klein, J. K. 2007. What’s the difference? Diversity constructs as separation, variety or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32(4): 11991228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, E. M. 2006. Understanding ethical failures in leadership. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(4): 630630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, E. M. 2008. Reconciliation in business ethics. Some advice from Aristotle. Business Ethics Quarterly, 18(2): 253265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, E. M. 2010. Ending the separation. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20(4): 742743.Google Scholar
Hsieh, N.-H. 2017. The responsibilities and role of business in relation to society: Back to basics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 27(2): 293314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, V., Layton, D., & Prince, S. 2015. Why diversity matters. McKinsey & Company, January 2015. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/why-diversity-matters.Google Scholar
Jackson, S., Joshi, A., & Erhardt, N. 2003. Recent research on team and organizational diversity: SWOT Analysis and Implications. Journal of Management, 29(6): 801830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joshi, A., & Roh, H. 2009. The role of context in work team diversity research: A meta-analytic review. Academy of Management Journal, 52(3): 599627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalev, A., Kelly, E., & Dobbin, F. 2006. Best practices or best guesses? Assessing the efficacy of corporate affirmative action and diversity policies. American Sociological Review, 71: 589617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandola, R., & Fullerton, J. 1994. Managing the Mosaic. London: Institute of Personnel and Development.Google Scholar
Kandola, R., Fullerton, J., & Ahmed, Y. 1995. Managing diversity: Succeeding where equal opportunities has failed. Equal Opportunities Review, 59: 3136.Google Scholar
Kelly, E., & Dobbin, F. 1998. How affirmative action became diversity management. American Behavioral Scientist, 41: 960984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, J. E. 2004. Solidarity and subsidiarity: Organizing principles for corporate moral leadership in the new global economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 52: 283295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, R. G. 2006. Corporations, common goods, and human persons. Ave Maria Law Review, 4: 132.Google Scholar
Kennedy, J. A., Kim, T. W., & Strudler, A. 2016. Hierarchies and dignity: A Confucian communitarian approach. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(4): 479502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kidder, D., Lankau, M. J., Chrobot-Mason, D., Mollica, K. A., & Friedman, R. A. 2004. Backlash toward diversity initiatives: Examining the impact of diversity program justification, personal and group outcomes. International Journal of Conflict Management, 15: 77102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, T. W. 2016. Happiness and virtue ethics in business: The ultimate value proposition, by Alejo José Sison (book review). Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(2): 261264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirton, G., & Greene, A. M. 2000. The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Klarsfeld, A., Ng, E., Booysen, L., Castro Christiansen, L., & Kuvaas, B. 2016. Comparative equality and diversity: Main findings and research gaps. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 23(3): 394412CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochan, T., Bezrukova, K., Ely, R., Jackson, S., Joshi, A., Jehn, K., & Thomas, D. 2003. The effects of diversity on business performance: Report of the diversity research network. Human Resource Management, 42: 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehn, D. 1995. A role for virtue ethics in the analysis of business practice. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5: 533539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehn, D. 2017. Reframing economic ethics: The philosophical foundations of humanistic management, by Claus Dierksmeier (book review). Business Ethics Quarterly, 27(3): 459462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konrad, A. M. 2003. Defining the domain of workplace diversity scholarship. Group and Organization Management, 28: 417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, R. 1991. Intergroup relations and organizational dilemmas: The role of categorization processes, In Cummings, L. L. & Staw, B. M. (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 13: 191228. Grennewich: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Lawrence, B. S. 1988. New wrinkles in the theory of age: Demography, norms and performance ratings. Academy of Management Journal, 31: 309337.Google Scholar
Liff, S. 1999. Diversity and equal opportunities: Room for a constructive compromise? Human Resource Management Journal, 9(1): 6575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liff, S., & Wajcman, J. 1996. Sameness and difference revisited: Which way forward for equal opportunity initiatives. Journal of Management Studies, 33: 7994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnehan, F., & Konrad, A. 1999. Diluting diversity: Implications for intergroup inequality in organizations. Journal of Management Inquiry, 8: 399414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Litvin, D.cR. 1997. The discourse of diversity: From biology to management. Organization, 4: 187209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, J.cH., Onar, N. F., & Woodward, M. W. 2014. Symbologies, technologies, and identities: Critical junctures theory and the multi-layered nation-state. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 43: 212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorbiecki, A., & Jack, G. 2000. Critical turns in the evolution of diversity management. British Journal of Management, 11: S17S31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machiavelli, N. [1531] 1996. Discourses on Livy, Trans. by H. Mansfield & N. Tarcov. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
MacIntyre, A. 2007. After virtue, third edition. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Maritain, J. 1947. The person and the common good. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Mauss, M. 1967. The gift: Forms and functions of exchange in archaic societies. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Mayo, M., Kakarika, M., Mainemelis, C., & Deuschel, N. 2017. A metatheoretical framework of diversity in teams. Human Relations, 70(8): 911931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLeod, P. L., Lobel, S., & Cox, T. H. 1996. Ethnic diversity and creativity in small groups. Small Group Research, 27: 248264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. 2001. Corporate social responsability: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(1): 117127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meister, A., Jehn, K. A., & Thatcher, S. 2014. Feeling misidentified: The consequences of internal identity asymmetries for individuals at work. Academy of Management Review, 39(4): 488512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melé, D. 2002. Not only stakeholders’ interests: The firm oriented towards the Common Good. In Cortright, S. A. & Naughton, M. J. (Eds.), Rethinking the purpose of business. Interdisciplinary essays from the catholic social tradition: 190214. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Melé, D. 2003. The challenge of humanistic management. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(1): 7788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melé, D. 2005. Exploring the principle of subsidiarity in organisational forms. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(3): 293305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melé, D. 2009. Integrating personalism into virtue-based business ethics: The personalist and the common good principles. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(1): 227244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melé, D. 2012. The firm as a community of persons: A pillar of humanistic business ethos. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(1): 89101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melé, D., & Sanchez-Runde, C. 2013. Cultural diversity and universal ethics in a global world. Journal of Business Ethics, 116: 681687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Messner, J. (1965). Social ethics: Natural law in the modern world. Saint Louis, MO: Herder.Google Scholar
Miller, F. A., & Katz, J. L. 2002. The inclusion breakthrough: Unleashing the real power of diversity. San Francisco: Berrett-Koechler.Google Scholar
Miller, B. K., & Werner, S. 2005. Factors influencing the inflation of task performance ratings for workers with disabilities and contextual performance ratings for their coworkers. Human Performance, 18: 309329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milliken, F. J., & Martins, L. L. 1996. Searching for common threads: Understanding the multiple effects of diversity in organizational groups. Academy of Management Review, 21(2): 402433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R., Boyle, B., Parker, V., Giles, M., Chiang, V., & Joyce, P. 2015. Managing inclusiveness and diversity in teams: How leader inclusiveness affects performance through status and team identity. Human Resource Management, 54(2): 217239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, G. 2005. Corporate character: Modern virtue ethics and the virtuous corporation. Business Ethics Quarterly, 15(4): 659685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, G. 2015. Virtue in business: Conversations with Aristotle (book review). Business Ethics Quarterly, 25(4): 587–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mounier, E. 1970. Personalism, translated by P. Mairet. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Naughton, M. J., Alford, H. J., & Brady, B. 1995. The common good and the purpose of the firm. Journal of Human Values, 1(2): 221237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newstead, T., Macklin, R., Dawkins, S., & Martin, A. 2018. What is virtue? Advancing the conceptualization of virtue to inform positive organizational inquiry, Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(4): 443457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nkomo, S. M., & Cox Jr., T. 1996. Diverse identities in organizations. In Clegg, S., Hardy, C. and Nord, W.R. (Eds.), Handbook of Organization Studies: 338356. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Nkomo, S. 1997. The ideology of managing diversity. Symposium paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
Nkomo, S., & Hoobler, J. M. 2014. A historical perspective on diversity ideologies in the United States: Reflections on human resource management research and practice. Human Resource Management Review, 24(3): 245257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noon, M. 2007. The fatal flaws of diversity and the business case for ethnic minorities. Work, Employment and Society, 21: 773784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nussbaum, M. 2001. Women and human development: The capabilities approach. Australian Journal of Philosophy, 3: 312.Google Scholar
O’Brien, T. 2009. Reconsidering the common good in a business context. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(1): 2537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrom, E. 2000. Collective action and the evolution of social norms. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3): 137158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oswick, C., & Noon, M. 2014. Discourses of diversity, equality and inclusion: Trenchant formulations or transient fashions? British Journal of Management, 25: 2339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Özbilgin, M., & Tatli, A. 2008. Global diversity management: An evidence-based approach, London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Özbilgin, M., & Tatli, A. 2011. Mapping out the fied of equality and diversity: rise of individualism and voluntarism. Human Relations, 64: 12291253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, S. E. 2007. Making the difference: Applying a logic of diversity. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21: 620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, G. 2003. Diversity management, past, present and future. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 41(1): 1324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pattnaik, L., & Tripathy, S. K. 2014. Diversity management: A tool for competitive advantage. Training & Development Journal, 5(1): 1724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prasad, P., Pringle, J. K., & Konrad, A. M. 2006. Examining the contours of workplace diversity: Concepts, contexts and challenges. In Konrad, A. M., Prasad, P., & Pringle, J. K. (Eds.), Handbook of workplace diversity: 122. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Roberson, Q. M. 2006. Disentangling the meanings of diversity and inclusion in organizations. Group and Organization Management, 31: 213236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, C. 1985. The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 2: 95103.Google Scholar
Ross, R., & Schneider, R. 1992. From equality to diversity. London: Pitman.Google Scholar
Ryan, M. 2018. Teaching the common good in business ethics: A case study approach, Journal of Business Ethics, 147(4): 693704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez-Mazas, M., Roux, P., & Mugny, G. 1994. When the outgroup becomes the ingroup and when the ingroup becomes the outgroup: Xenophobia and social categorization in a resource allocation task. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24: 417423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandelands, L. 2009. The business of business is the human person: Lessons from the Catholic social tradition. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(1): 93101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapcott, K. M., Carron, A. V., Burke, S. M., Bradshaw, M. H., & Estabrooks, P. A. 2006. Member diversity and cohesion and performance in walking groups. Small Group Research, 37(6): 701720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shore, L. M., Chung-Herrera, B. G., Dean, M. A., Ehrhart, K. H., Jung, D. I., Randel, A. E., & Singh, G. 2009. Diversity in organizations: Where are we now and where are we going? Human Resource Management Review, 19: 117133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shore, L. M., Randel, A. E., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., Ehrhart, K. H., & Singh, G. 2011. Inclusion and diversity in work groups: A review and model for future research. Journal of Management, 37: 12621289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sison, A. J. 2003. The moral capital of leaders: why virtue matters. Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sison, A. J. 2016. Revisiting the common good of the firm. In Akrivou, K., & Sison, A.J. (Eds.), The challenges of capitalism for virtue ethics and the common good: Interdisciplinary perspectives: 93120. Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sison, A. J. 2017. Free markets with solidarity & sustainability: Facing the challenge (book review). Business Ethics Quarterly, 27(2): 327330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sison, A. J., Ferrero, F., & Guitian, G. 2016. Human dignity and the dignity of work: Insights from Catholic Social Teaching. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(4): 503528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sison, A. J., & Fontrodona, J. 2012. The common good of the firm in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(2): 211246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sison, A. J., & Fontrodona, J. 2013. Participating in the common good of the firm. Journal of Business Ethics, 113(4): 611625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sison, A. J., Hartman, E.M., & Fontrodona, J. 2012. Reviving tradition: Virtue and the common good in business and management. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(2): 207210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M. A. 1995. Human dignity and the common good in the Aristotelian Thomistic tradition. Lewiston, NY: Mellen University Press.Google Scholar
Solomon, R. 1992. Ethics and excellence: Cooperation and integrity in business. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Solomon, R. 1994. The corporation as community: A reply to Ed Hartman. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(3): 271285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, R. 1998. The moral psychology of business. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(3): 515533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spaemann, R. 2006. Persons: The difference between someone and something, translated by O. O’Donovan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Spitzeck, H. 2011. An integrated model of humanistic management. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(1): 5162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tatli, A. 2011. A multi-layered exploration of the diversity management field: Diversity discourses, practice and practitioners in the UK. British Journal of Management, 22: 238253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tatli, A, & Özbilgin, M. F. 2012. An emic approach to intersectional study of diversity at work: A bourdieusan framing. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(2): 180200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, R. R. 1990. From affirmative action to affirming diversity. Harvard Business Review, 68: 107117.Google ScholarPubMed
Thomas, R. R. 1991. Beyond race and gender: Unleashing the power of your total workforce by managing diversity. New York: Amacom.Google Scholar
Thomas, D. A., & Ely, R. J. 1996. Making differences matter. Harvard Business Review, 68: 7117.Google Scholar
Tuan, L. T., Rowley, C., & Thao, V. T. 2019. Addressing employee diversity to foster their work engagement. Journal of Business Research, 95: 303315.Google Scholar
Turner, J. C., & Haslam, S. A. 2001. Social identity, organizations and leadership. In Turner, M. (Ed.), Groups at work: theory and research: 2565. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Van Dijk, H., Van Eugen, M. L., & Paauwe, J. 2012. Reframing the business case for diversity: A values and virtues perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(1): 7384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, H. M. L., Hoover, K. F., & Pepper, M. B. 2014. Multicultural ethics and diversity discourse. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 33(4): 318333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walshe, S. 2006. The primacy of the common good as the root of personal dignity in the doctrine of Saint Thomas Aquinas. Rome: Pontifical University of St Thomas.Google Scholar
Weil, S. 1987 [1952]. The need for roots. London: Ark Paperbacks.Google Scholar
Williams, K. Y., & O’Reilly, C. A. 1998. Demography and diversity in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 20: 77140.Google Scholar
Werhane, P.H. 1994. Justice, impartiality, and reciprocity: A response to Edwin Hartman, Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(3): 287290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, W. 1987. Gender enactment at work: The importance of gender and gender-related behavior to person-organization fit and career decisions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(2): 168187.Google Scholar
Wrench, J. 2007. Diversity management and discrimination: Immigrants and ethnic minorities in the EUA. Aldershot, United Kingdom: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Zanoni, P., & Janssens, M. 2004. Deconstructing difference: The rhetoric of human resource managers’ diversity discourses. Organization Studies, 25(1): 5574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanoni, P., & Janssens, M. 2007. Minority employees engaging with diversity management: An analysis of control, agency and micro-emancipation, Journal of Management Studies, 44: 13711397.Google Scholar
Zanoni, P., Janssens, M., & Benschop, N.S. 2010. Unpacking diversity, grasping inequality: Rethinking difference through critical perspectives. Organization, 17(1): 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanoni, P., & Janssens, M. 2015. The power of diversity discourses at work: On the interlocking nature of diversities and occupations. Organization Studies, 36(11): 14631483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar