Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:22:55.096Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Business as usual? An exploration of the determinants of success in the multinational transfer of corporate responsibility initiatives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Sunyoung Lee
Affiliation:
Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Abstract

Scholars have shown that corporate responsibility (CR) initiatives can create intangible assets that help MNCs reduce their liability of foreignness and even gain competitive advantage over local rivals. But scholars have not addressed the ability of MNCs to transfer CR initiatives to subsidiaries. This study builds theory about the conditions that influence success and failure in the transfer of CR practices from headquarters to overseas subsidiaries. We analyze CR transfers from the headquarters of an Indian multinational to its subsidiaries in China and the U.K. Our findings suggest that CR transfer differs in substantial ways from operational practice transfer. In particular, the ambiguity of the CR initiative, the social competency of the business unit transferring the CR initiative, and the active involvement of local stakeholders play significant roles in CR transfer success.

Type
Corporate Responsibility, Multinational Corporations, and Nation States
Copyright
Copyright © V.K. Aggarwal 2012 and published under exclusive license to Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aldrich, H. and Herker, D. 1977. “Boundary spanning roles and organization structure.” Academy of Management Review 2: 217230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, M. L. 2007. “Stakeholder influence capacity and the variability of financial returns to corporate social responsibility.” Academy of Management Review 32: 794816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, M. L. and Salomon, R. M. 2012. “Does it pay to be really good? Addressing the shape of the relationship between social and financial performance.” Strategic Management Journal 33: 13041320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barro, R. J. and Gordon, D. B. 1983. “Rules, discretion and reputation in a model of monetary policy.” Journal of Monetary Economics 12: 101122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartlett, C. and Ghoshal, S. 1989. Managing across borders: the transnational solution. London: Random House Business Books.Google Scholar
Birkinshaw, J. 2008. “Infosys: computing the power of people.” Business Strategy Review 19: 1823.Google Scholar
Brannen, M. Y. 2004. “When Mickey loses face: recontextualization, semantic fit, and the semiotics of foreignness.” Academy of Management Review 29: 593616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brugmann, J. and Prahalad, C. 2007. “Co-creating business's new social compact.” Harvard Business Review 85: 8090.Google Scholar
Standard, Business. 2008. Infosys exhorts employees to go on 1-yr sabbatical, work for NGOs.Google Scholar
Chen, L. 2010. “Business-IT alignment maturity of companies in China.” Information and Management 47: 916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Child, J. 1994. Management in China during the age of reform. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chiu, R. K., Luk, V. W. and Tang, T. L. P. 2001. “Hong Kong and China: the cash mentality revisited.” Compensation and Benefits Review 33: 6672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doh, J. and Guay, T. 2006. “Corporate social responsibility, public policy, and NGO activism in Europe and the United States: An institutional-stakeholder perspective.” Journal of Management Studies 43: 4773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Times, Economic. 2011. Infosys results: company to hire 45,000 people in FY 2012.Google Scholar
Edelman, M. 1977. Political language: words that succeed and policies that fail. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Edstrom, A. and Galbraith, J. R. 1977. “Transfer of managers as a coordination and control strategy in multinational organisations.” Administrative Science Quarterly 22: 248263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberg, E. M. 1984. “Ambiguity as strategy in organizational communication.” Communication Monographs 51: 227242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. “Building theories from case study research.” Academy of Management Review 14: 532550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, E. R. 1984. Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.Google Scholar
Friedman, M. 1970. “The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits.” The New York Times Magazine, September 13.Google Scholar
Gardberg, N. A. and Fombrun, C. J. 2006. “Corporate citizenship: creating intangible assets across institutional environments.” Academy of Management Review 31: 329346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghoshal, S. and Bartlett, C. A. 1988. “Creation, adoption and diffusion of innovations by subsidiaries of multinational corporations.” Journal of International Business Studies 365388.Google Scholar
Green, J. and Thorogood, N. 2004. Qualitative methods for health research. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Griffin, J. and Prakash, A. Forthcoming. “Corporate responsibility: initiatives and mechanisms.” Business and Society.Google Scholar
Hansen, M. T. 1999. “The search-transfer problem: the role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits.” Administrative Science Quarterly 44: 82111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helfat, C. E. and Winter, S. G. 2011. “Understanding dynamic and operational capabilities: strategy for the (n)ever-changing world.” Strategic Management Journal 32 (11): 12431250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hindu. 2006. Striking a balance. October 25, 2006.Google Scholar
Husted, B. W. 2001. Making or buying corporate social responsibility, unpublished paper. Available at: http://egade.sistema.itesm.mx/investigacion/documentos/documentos/3egade_husted.pdf.Google Scholar
Husted, B. W. and Allen, D. B. 2006. “Corporate social responsibility in the multinational enterprise: strategic and institutional approaches.” Journal of International Business Studies 37: 838849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymer, S. H. 1976. International operations of national firms: a study of direct foreign investment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Infosys. 2010/11. Infosys Sustainability Report.Google Scholar
Jensen, M. C. and Meckling, W. H. 1976. “Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure.” Journal of Financial Economics 3: 305360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J. E. 1977. “The internationalization process of the firm – a model of knowledge development and foreign market commitment.” Journal of International Business Studies 8: 2332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, T. 1995. “Instrumental stakeholder theory: a synthesis of ethics and economics.” Academy of Management Review 20: 92117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khanna, T. and Palepu, K. 2001. “The future of business groups in emerging markets: long-run evidence from Chile.” Academy of Management Journal 43 (3): 268285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khanna, T. and Palepu, K. 2004. “Globalization and convergence in corporate governance: evidence from Infosys and the Indian Software Industry.” Journal of International Business Studies 35: 484507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogut, B. 1991. “Joint ventures and the option to expand and acquire.” Management Science 37: 1933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogut, B. and Singh, H. 1988. “The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode.” Journal of International Business Studies 19: 411432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogut, B. and Zander, U. 1992. “Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology.” Organization Science 3: 383397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogut, B and Zander, U. 1995. “Knowledge, market failure and the multinational enterprise, a reply.” Journal of International Business Studies 26: 417426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kostova, T. 1997. “Country institutional profiles: concept and measurement.” Academy of Management Proceedings 180184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kostova, T. 1999. “Transnational transfer of strategic organizational initiatives: a contextual perspective.” Academy of Management Review 24: 308324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kostova, T. and Zaheer, S. 1999. “Organizational legitimacy under conditions of complexity: the case of the multinational enterprise.” Academy of Management Review 24: 6481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leitch, S. and Davenport, S. 2002. “Strategic ambiguity in communicating public sector change.” Journal of Communication Management 7: 283300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leonard-Barton, D. and Sinha, D. K. 1993. “Developer-user interaction and user satisfaction in internal technology transfer.” Academy of Management Journal 36: 11251139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, J., Yang, J. and Yue, D. 2007. “Identity, community, and audience: how wholly owned foreign subsidiaries gain legitimacy in China.” Academy of Management Journal 50: 175190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucea, R. 2007. Essays on global non-market strategy. MIT doctoral thesis.Google Scholar
Marcus, A. A. and Anderson, M. H. 2006. “A general dynamic capability: Does it propagate business and social competencies in the retail food industry?Journal of Management Studies 43: 1946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, J. and Walsh, J. 2003. “Misery loves companies: rethinking social initiatives by business.” Administrative Science Quarterly 48: 268305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marquis, C., Glynn, M. A. and Davis, G. F. 2007. “Community isomorphism and corporate social action.” Academy of Management Review 32: 925945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matten, D. and Moon, J. 2008. ““Implicit” and “explicit” CSR.” Academy of Management Review 33: 404424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McWilliams, A. and Siegel, D. 2001. “Corporate social responsibility: a theory of the firm perspective.” Academy of Management Review 26: 117127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nambisan, S. 2009. “Platforms for collaboration.” Stanford Social Innovation Review Summer, 4449.Google Scholar
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L. and Rynes, S. L. 2003. “Corporate social and financial performance: a meta-analysis.” Organization Studies 24: 403441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pederson, E. R. 2006. “Making corporate social responsibility (CSR) operable: how companies translate stakeholder dialogue into initiative.” Business and Society Review 111: 137163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettigrew, A. 1988. Longitudinal field research on change: theory and initiative. Paper Presented at the National Science Foundation Conference on Longitudinal Research Methods in Organizations, Austin, TX.Google Scholar
Pil, F. and Rothenberg, S. 2003. “Environmental performance as a driver of superior organizational performance.” Journal of Production and Operations Management 12: 404415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prahalad, C. K. and Doz, Y. L. 1987. The multinational mission: Balancing local demandsand global vision. New York, NY: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Rogers, E. 1980. Diffusion of Innovations. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Shenkar, O. 2001. “Cultural distance revisited: towards a more rigorous conceptualization and measurement of cultural differences.” Journal of International Business Studies 32: 519535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonin, B. L. 1999. “Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances.” Strategic Management Journal 20: 595623.3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sood, A. and Arora, B. 2006. The Political Economy of Corporate Responsibility in India’, Technology, Business and Society (18), United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Program Paper, Geneva.Google Scholar
Standard and Poor. 2004. Corporate governance score: Infosys.Google Scholar
Sundar, P. 2000. Beyond Business: from merchant charity to corporate citizenship: Indian business philanthropy through the ages. McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Swanson, D. L. 1999. “Towards an integrative theory of business and society: a research strategy for corporate social performance.” Academy of Management Review 24: 506521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szulanski, G. 1996. “Exploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best-initiative within the firm.” Strategic Management Journal 17: 2743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teece, D. J. 2011. Ordinary (operational?) versus dynamic capabilities: core concepts and distinctions in the resources and capabilities frameworks. University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business working paper.Google Scholar
Tichy, N. M., McGill, A. R. and Clair, L. St. eds. 1997. Corporate citizenship: Doing business in the public eye. San Francisco: New Lexington Press.Google Scholar
Tsai, W. 2001. “Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance.” Academy of Management Journal 44: 9961004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visser, W. 2008. “Corporate social responsibility in developing countries.” In: Crane, A., McWilliams, A., Matten, D., Moon, J. and Siegel, D. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 473479.Google Scholar
Walton, R. E. 1975. “The diffusion of new work structures: explaining why success didn't take.” Organizational Dynamics Winter 3: 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, G. R., Trevino, L. K. and Cochran, P. L. 1999. “Corporate ethics initiatives as control systems: managerial and institutional influences.” Academy of Management Journal 42: 4157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wicks, A. C., Berman, S. L. and Jones, T. M. 1999. “Toward a conception of optimal trust: moral and strategic implications.” Academy of Management Review 24: 99116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winter, S. G. 1987. “Knowledge and competence as strategic assets.” In: Teece, D. (ed.). The competitive challenge: strategies for industrial innovation and renewal. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, pp. 159184.Google Scholar
Yin, R. K. 1994. Case study research: design and methods (2nd ed. Applied Social Research Methods Series no. 5) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Zaheer, S. 1995. “Overcoming the liability of foreignness.” Academy of Management Journal 38: 341363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zander, U. and Kogut, B. 1995. “Knowledge and the speed of the transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities: an empirical test.” Organization Science 6: 7692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar