Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T20:23:10.371Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The two prefix-conjugations in East Cushitic, East Semitic, and Chadic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

Rainer M. Voigt
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

It has long been observed by Cushiticists that the prefix conjugation in various Semitic languages represents one of the major arguments for treating this language group as belonging to the Semitohamitic (Erythraic, Afroasiatic) language phylum. From Semitic and Berber we are acquainted with (at least) two different prefix conjugations, a short one and a long one. THe long from is found in Berber and in several Semitic languages, although there is no general agreement about this. With this in mind, we should be surprised if we could not find so-called long imperfect forms in Cushitic as well. A strong candidate would be the Beja present which nasalizes the second radical, which is lengthened in other languages. In this context, however, I should like, not to discuss the problem bearing on the verbal forms of North Cushitic, but rather to draw the attention of the compartive Semitohamiticist to some East Cushitic languages for which new material is now available. ITt seems convenient to limit this discussion to the Rendille and Boni languages which have recently become knownthrough the work of Bernd Heine (1975–76, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982) and Hans-Jürgen Sasse (1979, 1980a, 1980b).

Type
Articles
Information
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , June 1987 , pp. 330 - 345
Copyright
Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andrzejewski, B.W. 1975. ‘Verbs with vocalic mutation in Somali and their significance for Hamito-Semitic comparative studies’, in J., and Bynon, Th. (ed.), Hamito-Semitica. The Hague: Mouton. pp. 361–74 and pp. 375–6 (with an important contribution made by R. Hetzron).Google Scholar
Andrzejewski, B. W. 1978. ‘The dichotomy between extensive and resttrictive verbal paradigms in Somali and its parallels in Oromo’, in P., Fronzaroli (ed.), Atti del scondo congresso internazionale di linguistica camito-semitica. Florence: Istituto di Linguistica e di Lingue Orientali: 347–54.Google Scholar
Bynon, J. (ed.). 1984. Current progress in Afro-Asiatic linguistics. Amsterdam, etc. Benjamins.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N., 1968. The sound pattern of English. New York, etc.: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Dressler, W. 1968. Studien zur verbalen Pluralitᾱt. Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissen schaften.Google Scholar
Ebobissé, C. 1979. Die Morphologie des Verbs in Ost-Dangaleat (Guera, Tschad). Berlin: Reimer.Google Scholar
Frajzyngier, Z. 1982. ‘The underlying form of the verb in Proto-Chadic’, in H., Jungraithmayr (ed.), The Chad languages in the Hamitosemitic-Nigritic border area. berlin: Reimer. 123–43.Google Scholar
Greenberg, j. H. 1952. ‘The Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) present’, journal of the American Oriental Society, 72: 1–9.Google Scholar
Harms, R. T. 1966. ‘Stress, voice, and length in Southern Paiute’, International Journal of American Linguistics, 32: 228–35.Google Scholar
Haugen, E. 1982. Scandinavian language structures. Tϋbingen: Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Hayward, R.J. 1978. ‘The prefix conjugation in Afar’, P., Fronzaroli (ed.), Atti del secondo congresso internazationale di linguistica camito-semitica. Florence: Istituto di Linguistica a di Lingue Orientali: 355–68.Google Scholar
Hayward, R. J., 1979. ‘Some inferences from an irregular imperative form in Saho’ Israel Oriental Studies, 9: 245–57.Google Scholar
Hecker, K. 1968. Grammatik der Kϋltepe-Texte. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum.Google Scholar
Heine, B. 1975–76. ‘Notes on the Rendille language’, Afrika und Übersee, 59: 176–223.Google Scholar
Heine, B. 1977. ‘Bemerkungen zur Boni-Sprache’, Afrika und Übersee, 60: 242–95.Google Scholar
Heine, B. 1978. The Sam languages: a history of Rendille, Boni and Somali. (Afroasiatic linguistics, VI, 2.) Malibu: Undena.Google Scholar
Heine, B. 1980. The non-Bantu languages of Kenya. (Language and dialect atlas of Kenya, 2.) Berlin: Reimer.Google Scholar
Heine, B. 1982. Boni dialects. (Language and dialect atlas of Kenya, 10.) Berlin: Reimer.Google Scholar
Hetzron, R. 1974. ‘An archaismin the Cushitic verbal conjugation’, in.IV congresso internazionale di studi etiopici. IV. vol. II. Rome:Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei: 275’81.Google Scholar
Hetzron, R. 1975. ‘La vocalisation des préfixes verbaux en sémitique’, in Actes du xxix congrès international des orientalistes, torn I, C, Études sémitiques, (ed.) par A. Caquot. Paris: 23–4.Google Scholar
Hetzron, R. 1980. ‘The limits of Cushitic’, Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika, 2: 7–126.Google Scholar
Hoenigswald, H. M. 1965. Language change and linguistic reconstruction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hōfler, O. 1958. ‘Über die Vorbstimmtheit sprachlicher Entwicklungen’, Anzeiger der ōsterreichi scgem Akademie der Wissenschaften. (phil.-hist. Kl., 95.) Wien: 111–27.Google Scholar
Johnstone, T. M. 1968. ‘The non-occurrence of a t-prefix in certain Socotri verbal forms’, BSOAS, XXXI, 3: 515–25.Google Scholar
Johnstone, T. M. 1980. ‘The non-occurrence of a t-prefix in certain Jibbāli verbal forms’, BSOAS, XLIII, 3: 466–70.Google Scholar
Jungraithmayr, H. 1970. Die Ron-Sprachen. (Afrikanistische Forschungen, 3.) Glückstadt: Ausustin.Google Scholar
Jungraithmayr, H. 1975. ‘Der Imperfektivstamm in Migama’, Folia orientalia, 16: 85–100.Google Scholar
Jungraithmayr, H. 1977. ‘Des verb in Mokulu und das alttschadohamitische Aspektsystem’, in Mōhlig, W. J. G., F, Rottland, B, Heine (ed.), Zur Sprachgeschichte und Ethnohistorie in Afrika. Berlin: Reimer: 81–90.Google Scholar
Jungraithmayr, H. 1979. Apophoney and tone in the Afroasiatic/Niger-Congo frontier area’, Etudes linguistiques (Nimaey), I 1: 130–40.Google Scholar
Jungraithmayr, H. 1983. ‘On mono-and triradicality in early and present-day Chadic’, in E., Wolff, AND Meyer-bahlburg, H. (ed.), Studies in Chadic and Afroasiatic linguistics. Hamburg: Buske: 139–56.Google Scholar
Lass, R. 1971. ‘Boundaries as obstruents: Old English voicing assimilation and universal strengh hierarchies’, Journal of linguistics, 7: 15–30.Google Scholar
Lukas, J. ‘Die Personalia und das primāre Verb im Bolanci (Nordnigerien). Afrika und Übersee, 54 (1970): 237–86, 55 (1971): 114–39.Google Scholar
Matisoff, J. A. 1975. ‘Rhinogottophilia: the mysterious connection between nasality and glottality’ in Ferguson, C. A., Hyman, L. M., Ohala, J. J. (ed.), Nasálfešt, Papers on a symposium on nasals and nasality, Stanford: University of California Press: 265–87.Google Scholar
Meillet, A. 1926. ‘Note sur une difficulté générale de la grammaire comparée’, in A., Meillet, Linguistique historique et linguistique générale. Paris: Champion: 36–43.Google Scholar
Newman, P. 1975. ‘Proto-Chadic verb classes’, Folia Orientalia, 16: 65–84.Google Scholar
Newman, P. 1977. ‘The formation of the imperfective verb stem in Chadic’, Afrika und Übersee, 60: 178–92.Google Scholar
Reiner, E. 1966. A linguistic analysis of Akkadian. The Hague, etc.: Mouton.Google Scholar
Rössler, O. 1981. ‘The structure and inflexion of the verb in the Semito-Hamitic languages’, in Arbeitman, Y. L., Bomhard, A. R. (ed.), Bono homini donum, Essays in historical linguistics … Amsterdam: Benjamins: II, 679–748.Google Scholar
Rundgren, F. 1955. Über Bildungen mit s/š- und n-l-Demonstrativen im Semitischen. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell.Google Scholar
Rundgren, F. 1959. Intensiv und Aspektkorrelation. Uppsala: A.-B. Lundequistska Bokhandeln; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Sasse, H.-J. 1979. ‘Entlehnung morphophonemischer Regeln im Boni’, Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika, I, 93–108.Google Scholar
Sasse, H.-J. 1980a. ‘Textproben der Boni-Sprache (West-Dialekt)’, Afrika und Übersee, 63: 79–101.Google Scholar
Sasse, H.-J. 1980b. ‘Ostkuschitische und semitische Verbalkassen’, in W., Diem, S., Wild (ed.), Studien aus Arablistik und Semitistik… Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz: 153–74.Google Scholar
Schuh, R. G. 1976. The Chadic verbal system and its Afroasiatic nature. (Afroasiatic Linguistics, III, I.) Malinu: Undena.Google Scholar
von Soden, W. 1952. GrundriB der akkadischen Grammatik. ROme: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum.Google Scholar
von Soden, W. 1965–81. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. vols. I-III. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Voigt, R. M. 1980. ‘Review of R. Hetzron: The Gunnän-Gurage languages, Naples 1977’, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlāndischen Gesellschaft, 130: 86–93.Google Scholar
Voigt, R. M. 1984a. Review of B. Heine: Boni dialects. Berlin, 1982’, Journal of African Languages and Linguistics, 6: 82–90.Google Scholar
Voigt, R. M. 1984b. ‘Die from des Reflexivstammes und der ersten Person Singular im Kuschitischen’, Afrika und Übersee, 67: 233–47.Google Scholar
Voigt, R. M. 1985a. ‘Review of R. J. Sim, Morphophonemics of the verb in Redille, and A. Oomen, Gender and plurality in Rendille. Malibu 1981’, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlāndi schen Gesellschaft, 135: 163–78.Google Scholar
voigt, R. M. 1985b. ‘Die beiden Präfixkonjugationen des Ostkuschitischen’, Afrika und Übersee, 68: 87–104.Google Scholar
Weinrich, H. 1976. ‘Phonologie der Sprechpause’. in H., Weinrich, Sprache in Texten. Stuttgart: Klett. 256–75.Google Scholar
Wendt, H. F. 1961. Sprachen. (Das Ficher Lexikon, 25.) Frankfurt am Main-Hamburg: Fischer.Google Scholar
Wolff, E. 1977. ‘Verb bases and stems in Migama’. Afrika und Übersee, 60: 163–77.Google Scholar
Wolff, E. 1982. ‘Review of C. Ebobissé: Die Morphologie des Verbs im Ost-dangaleat (Guera, Tschad). Berlin, 1979’, Journal of African Languages and Linguistics, 4: 198–217.Google Scholar
Wolff, E. 1984. ‘New proposals concerning the nature and development of the Proto-Chadic tense/aspect system’, in J., Bynon (ed.): Current progress in Afro-Asiatic Linguistics. Amsterdam, etc.: Benjamins: 225–39.Google Scholar
Zaborski, A. 1975. The verb in Cushitic. Cracow: Universytet Jagielloṅski.Google Scholar