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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009
Abū ‘Īsā Muḥammad b. ‘Īsā b. Sawra b. Shaddād b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk al-Sulamī al-Būghī al-Tirmidhī is famous for bis collection of traditions which is one of the six books now generally recognized by Sunnīs. He is reported to have said that his grandfather belonged to Marw, but removed from there in the time of Al-Laith b. Sayyār to Tinnidh, a town on the north bank of the Āmū Daryā. Like many others Tirmidhī travelled in pursuit of learning, and heard traditions from numerous Khurāsānīs, ‘Irāqīs, and Ḥijāzīs. He was a pupil of Bukhārī, and also heard traditions from some of Bukhārī's shaikhs, such as Qutaiba b. Sa‘īd al-Baghlānī (d. 240), ‘Alī b. Ḥujr al-Marwazī (d. 244), Abū Kuraib Muḥammad b. al-‘Alā’ al-Kūfī (161–248), and Muḥammad b. Bashshār al-Baṣrī (167–252).4 An interesting story is told to illustrate his power of committing traditions to memory. On the way to Mecca he met a shaikh from whose traditions he had copied out two juz’.
page 258 note 1 Al-Laith b. Naṣr b. Sayyār. Yāqūt, cf., Geog. Wörterb., 4, 25Google Scholar; Khalīfa, Ḥājjī, 5, 121.Google Scholar
page 258 note 2 Khair, Ibn, Fihrisa, 118.Google Scholar
page 258 note 3 Sam‘ānī, Ansāb, 106a; Ḥajar, Ibn, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb (Ḥaidarābād, 1325–8), 9, 387Google Scholar; Wüstenfeld, F., Die Geschichtschreiber der Araber und ihre Werke (Göttingen, 1882), No. 75.Google Scholar
page 258 note 4 Sam‘ānī, loc. cit., has Qutaiba b. Ismā‘īl al-Ba‘Iānī, and he mentions also Hanād b. al-Sarī al-Kūfī, Muḥammad b. Mūsā al-Baṣrī, and ‘Abdallāh b. ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Dārimī al-Samarqandī, who do not seem to have been shaikhs of Bukhārī. al-Qaisarānī, Ibn (K. al-jam‘ bain kitābai Abī Naṣr al-Kalābādhī wa-Abī Bakr al-Iṣbahānī, Ḥaidarābād, 1323)Google Scholar gives Hanād and ‘Abdallāh as authorities quoted by Muslim alone. If Muḥammad b. Mūsā is the man mentioned in Tahdhīb, 9, 482Google Scholar, though Tirmidhī quoted him, there is no indication that Bukhārī did. Khallikān, Ibn (De Slane), 2, 679Google Scholar, gives Qutaiba, ‘Alī, Ibn Bashshār ‘ and others ’.
page 258 note 5 Dhahabī, , Tadhkirat al-ḥuffāẓ (Ḥaidarābād, 1315), 2, 188Google Scholar; Tahdhīb, 9, 388.Google Scholar
page 258 note 6 Tadh., loc. cit.
page 258 note 7 Tadh., loc. cit.; Tahdhīb, 9, 389.Google Scholar
page 258 note 8 E.I., 4, 796.Google Scholar
page 259 note 1 Dhahabī, , Mīzān al-i‘tidāl (Cairo, 1325), 3, 117Google Scholar; Tahdhīb, 9, 388.Google ScholarMīzān has īṣāl and Tahdhīb has ittiṣāl. Brockelmann, , GAL., Supp. 1, 695Google Scholar, mentions both.
page 259 note 2 cf. Brock., op. cit., 578, where it is noted that Ibn Ḥazm praised this work by Ibn al-Faraḍī.
page 259 note 3 Khair, Ibn, Fihrisa, 118Google Scholar, says Sunday night, 13th Ramaḍān, 279; Ibn Khall., ii, 679, says Sunday night, 13th Rajab, 279; Tadh., 2, 188Google Scholar, says 13th Rajab, 279; Tahdhīb, 9, 388Google Scholar, says Rajab, 279; Sam‘ānī, , Ansāb, 106aGoogle Scholar, says some years after 270; Yāqūt, , Geog. Wōrterb., 1, 844Google Scholar, agrees with Sam‘ānī. Ibn Khali, quotes Sam‘ānī as giving 275, but this does not agree with Ansāb, 106a.
page 259 note 4 Fihrist (Cairo, 1348), 325Google Scholar; Geog. Wōrterb., 1, 844.Google Scholar The Cairo edition of the Jāmi‘ (1350/1931) entitles it Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tirmidhī.
page 259 note 5 Tadh., 2, 188.Google Scholar
page 259 note 6 Goldziher, I. cf., Muhammedanische Studien, 2, 250 ff.Google Scholar
page 259 note 7 This must be an error for Al-Haitham b. Kulaib al-Shāshī mentioned by Yāqūt, Dhahabī, and Ibn Ḥajar. See below.
page 260 note 1 Geog. Wörterb., 1, 844.Google Scholar
page 260 note 2 op. cit., i, 265.
page 260 note 3 op. cit., i, 551.
page 260 note 4 op. cit., i, 747, 844.
page 260 note 5 op. cit., iv, 920.
page 260 note 6 Tadh., 2, 187.Google Scholar
page 260 note 7 Geog. Wörterb., 4, 825Google Scholar, mentions Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd b. ‘Antar b. Abū ĪĪsā. al-Tirmidhī, and says that Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Sulaīmān b. al-Khiḍr (d. 407) transmitted Tirmidhī's K. al-ṣaḥīḥ from him.
page 260 note 8 Tahdhīb, 9, 387.Google Scholar
page 260 note 9 p. 121.
page 260 note 10 Sam‘ānī, Ansāb, 511a. al-Baghdādī, Al-Khaṭīb cf., Ta’rīkh Baghdād (Cairo, 1349/1931), No. 3990.Google Scholar
page 260 note 11 Ṣafadī, , Das Biographische Lexicon (Bibl. Islamica, 6b), No. 310.Google Scholar
page 261 note 1 Fihrisa, 118.
page 261 note 2 op. cit., 117–19.
page 261 note 3 Ibn Bashkuwāl, Ṣila, No. 1181; Khall., Ibn, 3, 12 ff.Google Scholar; Tadh., 4, 86 ff.Google Scholar; Farḥūn, Ibn, Al-dībāj al-mudhahhab (Cairo, 1329/1911), 281 ff.Google Scholar; Makkari, , Analectes, 1, 477 ff.Google Scholar
page 261 note 4 Geog. Wōrterb., Register; Mīzān, 3, 5.Google Scholar
page 261 note 5 Khaṭīb, op. cit., No. 2015.
page 261 note 6 Khaṭīb, op. cit., No. 3990; Sam‘ānī, Ansāb, 313b.
page 261 note 7 Ṣila, No. 315; Dībāj, 104.
page 261 note 8 Ṣila, No. 860.
page 261 note 9 See p. 265.
page 261 note 10 pp. 6 f.
page 262 note 1 Ṣila, No. 970.
page 262 note 2 Ḍabbī, , Bughyat al-multamis (Madrid, 1885), No. 1055.Google Scholar
page 262 note 3 Ṣila, No. 327; Geog. Wörterb., Register; Dībāj, 104 f.
page 262 note 4 Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (Bibl. Isl., 8), No. 190; Geog. Wōrterb., Register; al-Athīr, Ibn, Kāmil (Cairo, 1301), 10, 88.Google Scholar
page 262 note 5 cf. Fihrīsa, 178; Ḍabbī, No. 655.
page 262 note 6 cf. Geog. Wōrterb., 1, 747.Google Scholar
page 262 note 7 ibid., where he is called Al-Shāshī al-Binkathī; Tadh., iii, 63, where he is called Al-Shashī.
page 262 note 8 For fuller details see BSOAS., 14 (1952), p. 580, n. 6.Google Scholar
page 262 note 9 Geog. Wōrterb., 2, 522 f.Google Scholar, where Ṭabarzad is given, and the nisba Dāraqazzī is added. Kāmil, 12, 137Google Scholar, also gives Ṭabarzad.
page 263 note 1 Sam‘ānī, Ansāb, 481a; Geog. Wōrterb., 1, 846, iv, 270.Google Scholar I have followed Sam‘ānī's spelling. Yāqūt, H. 1, H. 2, and H. 3 all give Karūkhī.
page 263 note 2 Bāb, 42.
page 263 note 3 Geog. Wōrterb., 4, 270Google Scholar, merely mentions that Kurūkhī heard from him and from Tiryāqī, in Herāt.
page 263 note 4 Sam‘ānī, Ansāb, 481a, mentions him among those from whom Kurūkhī heard traditions.
page 263 note 5 op. cit., 106b. Geog. Wörterb., 1, 846Google Scholar, calls him Abū Naṣr ‘Abd al-‘Azīz b. Muḥammad b. Thumāma al-Tiryāqī and says that Kurūkhī was the last to transmit traditions from him in Baghdād. This does not necessarily contradict what is said in n. 3, above, as Kurūkhī moved to Baghdād and stayed there till he went to Mecca, where he died (Ansāb, 481a).
page 263 note 6 Ansāb, 125b. Geog. Wörterb., 1, 846Google Scholar, says Tiryāqī transmitted from him.
page 263 note 7 op. cit., 3, 866Google Scholar, and Register; Yāqūt, , Dictionary of Learned Men (Gibb Mem. Ser.), 4, 286.Google Scholar
page 263 note 8 Geog. Wörterb., 4, 210Google Scholar, and Register; Ḥ.Kh., items 3083, 5539, 5822.
page 264 note 1 Geog. Wörterb., 4, 784Google Scholar, gives the nisba as Nashtabrī and says that ‘Abd al-Khāliq was called a ḥāfiẓ not because he was a traditionist. He heard few traditions. H. 4 (p. 19) gives Shatīrī in a footnote as an alternative for Tustarī.
page 264 note 2 Subkī, , Ṭabaqāt al-Shāfi‘īya al-kubrā (Cairo, 1323–1334), 5, 56Google Scholar, gives Zāhir b. Rustum b. Abul Rajā’, but omits the notice he evidently intended to include. He places him among those who died in the 7th century.
page 264 note 3 R. A. Nicholson, in Sarrāj, Luma‘ (G.M.S.), p. 1, finds difficulty with this same name, and suggests reading Abul Haijā’ and Laithī, but this seems unnecessary. His text had Abul Munajjā and Lattī, as in H. 5 above, and so these forms are presumably correct. It is of interest to notice that in Luma‘, as in H. 5, Abul Munajjā quotes Abul Waqt.
page 264 note 4 Geog. Wörterb., Register; Khall., Ibn, 2, 171 f.Google Scholar
page 264 note 5 Brock., , GAL., Supp., 1, 566.Google Scholar
page 264 note 6 I am indebted to Dr. P. Voorhoeve, Conservator of Or. MSS., Univ. Lib., Leiden, for sending me a microfilm of this passage.
page 264 note 7 p. 2.
page 265 note 1 Ṣila, No. 1187.
page 265 note 2 Ṣila, No. 315; Dībāj, 104.
page 265 note 3 Ṣila, No. 860.
page 265 note 4 Ansāb, 24b, gives Ardastānī, , and Geog. Wōrterb., 1, 198Google Scholar, calls the place Ardistān. I have kept Ibn Khair’s form.
page 265 note 5 Khaṭīb, op. cit., No. 197.
page 265 note 6 He is ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad. See Ṣila, No. 744; Ḍabbī, No. 986; Dībāj, 150.
page 265 note 7 Ṣila, No. 1276; Ghāyat, No. 3645.
page 266 note 1 Geog. Wōrterb., 1, 388.Google Scholar
page 266 note 2 It is interesting to find in this otherwise unknown chain one of the most distinguished names to appear in any of the transmissions of Tirmidhī's Jāmi‘. See GAL., Supp., 1, 628Google Scholar, where the reference to Dībāj should be 357 and not 301.
page 266 note 3 Ṣila, No. 876; Dībāj, 188 f.
page 266 note 4 Geog. Wōrterb., 3, 6Google Scholar, may refer to this man.
page 267 note 1 See p. 260.
page 267 note 2 See p. 263.
page 267 note 3 See p. 261.
page 267 note 4 See p. 265.
page 267 note 5 It has already been seen (p. 262) how this same passage was supplied by a chain of authorities tracing it to Tirmidhī through Haitham.
page 267 note 6 H. 3 (p. 6 f.), H. 4 (p. 20), and H. 5 (p. 44) give chains in which Kurūkhī quotes Azdī without indicating that anything was missing.
page 268 note 1 Goldziher, , MS., 2, 262.Google Scholar