Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T21:45:13.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The science/technology interface in seventeenth-century China: Song Yingxing on qi and the wu xing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

Extract

This paper is a contribution to the study of the relations between science and technology in seventeenth-century China. I hope that its unusual perspective may help to illuminate the problem of how these two areas of human activity relate to each other in a more general context. Outside the small group of interested scholars the relations between science and technology are not seen as problematical. In the popular stereotype, scientists are trie people who make discoveries, while technologists simply find out how to use what they have discovered. This crude view has some support from historical fact. Over the last hundred years there has undoubtedly been a steady flow of useful ideas from (for instance) the physicist to the engineer and from the biochemist to the agronomist.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bacon, Francis, Lord Verulam, Novum Organum. First published 1620. Repr. London: George Routledge & Sons, 1899.Google Scholar
Boyle, , the Hon. Robert. The Sceptical Chymist. First published 1661. Everyman's Library edition, London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1911. Repr. 1937.Google Scholar
Yishan, ChengZhongguo gudai yuanqi xueshuo (The theory of original qi in ancient China). Hubei renmin chubanshe, 1986.Google Scholar
Nianzu, DaiZhongguo lixue shi (A history of mechanics in China). Shizhiazhuang: Hebeijiaoyu chubanshe, 1988.Google Scholar
de, Bary, William, Theodore (ed.). The unfolding of Neo-Confucianism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Yizhi, FangWu li xiao shi (Short notes on physical principles). Preface dated 1664. Repr. in Wanyou wenku (2nd series). Shanghai:. Commercial Press, 1937.Google Scholar
Keizo, Hashimoto. Hsu Kuang-ch'i and astronomical reform. Osaka: Kansai University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Zhaowu, He‘Lun Song Yingxing de sixiang’ (‘On the thought of Song Yingxing’), Zhongguoshi yanjiu (Research in Chinese History), no. 2, 1978, 149–60.Google Scholar
Henderson John, B. The development and decline of Chinese cosmology. New York; ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Karlgren, Bernhard. The Book of Documents. (Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities Bulletin, 22.) Stockholm, 1950.Google Scholar
Kasoff Ira, E. The thought of Chang Tsai (1020-1077), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genji, KurodaKi no kenkyū (Researches on qi). Tokyo: Tōkyō Bijutsu, 1977.Google Scholar
Li, Ch'iao-p'ing (ed.). Tien-Kung-Kai-Wu [translation of Song Yingxing's Tiangong kaiwu into English by various hands]. Taibei: China Academy, 1980.Google Scholar
McMorran, Ian. ‘Wang Fu-chih and the Neo-Confucian tradition’, 413-467 in de Bary (1975), 413–67.Google Scholar
Needham, Joseph et al. Science and civilisation in China. [S.C.C.] Seven volumes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954-.Google Scholar
Seiichi, Onozawa et al. Ki no shiso: Chugoku ni okeru shizenkan to ningenkan no tenkai (The intellectual history of qi: The evolution of naturalistic and humanistic views in China). Tokyo: Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 1978.Google Scholar
Jixing, PanMingdai kexuejia Song Yingxing (The Ming dynasty scientist Song Yingxing). Beijing: Kexue Chubanshe, 1981.Google Scholar
Peterson, . J, Willard. ‘Fang I-chih: Western learning and the “investigation of things” ’, in de Bary (1975), 369411.Google Scholar
Hansheng, Qiuand Qiu Feng ‘Song Yingxing de weiwuzhuyi ziran xueshuo he dui Mingmo de shehui pipan’ (‘Song Yingxing's materialist theory of nature and his criticism of late Ming society’), Wenwu (Cultural Objects), 235. 1975, 1425.Google Scholar
Ricci, Matteo (Li Matou ). Qian kun ti yi (On the forms of heaven and earth). Completed 1608. [MS edition prepared for the eighteenth-century. Siku quanshu collection is vol. 787, pp. 755806 of the photographically reproduced edition, Taibei: Commercial Press, 1983.]Google Scholar
Gua, ShenMengqi bitan (Brush talks from Dream Brook). Compiled c. 1090. Collated and corrected edition, Xin jiaozheng Mengqi bitan. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1975.Google Scholar
Sivin, Nathan. ‘ Cosmos and computation in early Chinese mathematical astronomy’ T'oung Pao, 55, 1969, 173.Google ScholarPubMed
Sivin, Nathan. ‘ On the word “ Taoist” as a source of perplexity: with special reference to the relations of science and religion in traditional China’, History of Religions, 17, 1978, 303–30.Google Scholar
Sivin, Nathan. Traditional Chinese medicine in contemporary China. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Centre for Chinese Studies, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith Cyril, Stanley. A history of metallography, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1960. 2nd impression with additions, 1965.Google Scholar
Yingxing, Song. Tiangong kaiwu (The exploitation of the works of nature). First printed 1637. Repr. with notes and translation into modern Chinese. Hong Kong: Zhonghua shuju, 1978.Google Scholar
Song, Yingxing. Ye yi; Lun qi, Tan tian; Si Han shi (Unofficial policy papers; On qi; On the heavens; Poems of pity). Prefaces of first three tractates dated 1636, 1637, 1637; preface of last defective, but almost certainly 1636. Repr. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1976.Google Scholar
Sun, E-tu Zen and Sun, Shiou-chuan (ed. and tr.) T'ien-kung k'ai-wu: Chinese technology in the seventeenth century. [Annotated translation of Sung Yingxing's work of 1637]. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1966.Google Scholar
Fuzhi, WangSi wen lu (Thoughts on various problems), c. 1679. Repr. with another work of Wang's as Si wen hi, Si jie Beijing: Zhonghua shuju. 1956. Repr. 1983.Google Scholar
Kiyoshi, Yabuuchiand others. Tenkō kaibutsu no kenkyu (Researches on the Tiangong kaiwu). Tokyo: Kōseisha, 1954. [Chinese translation in Zhang and Wu (1959).]Google Scholar
Xiong, Zhangand Wu Jie (tr.). Tiangong kaiwu yanjiu lunwen ji (Collected research papers on the Tiangong kaiwu). Beijing: Commercial Press, 1959.Google Scholar
Zai, ZhangZhang Zi zheng meng zhu (Correcting youthful ignorance, by Master Zhang, with a commentary). Basic text by Zhang Zai c. 1076. Commentary by Wang Fuzhi some time after 1679. Repr. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1975.Google Scholar