Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T14:38:30.784Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Of saints and blood: the Narita Buddhist sword cult in Edo Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2014

Kevin Bond
Kevin Bond*
Affiliation:
University of Regina, Canada
*
[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article examines the local character of early modern (1600–1868) Japanese Buddhism using a case study of the Narita Fudō cult of Shinshōji Temple, with particular attention to the temple's most sacred treasure, the legendary Sword of Amakuni. Drawing on local sources produced within and beyond clerical circles, it examines how the sword and its popular narratives became central to the public identity of the cult and the temple's proselytization efforts. This article illuminates the evolving, fluid nature of deity cults as highly mobile properties working across sectarian boundaries, and how these properties gained importance beyond the walls of Buddhist institutions among the artistic and theatrical landscapes of the country's capital.

Keywords

Edo BuddhismNaritasan ShinshōjiNarita FudōSword cultMiracle talesKaichōKabuki theatreReligion and entertainment
Type
Articles
Information
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , Volume 77 , Issue 2 , June 2014 , pp. 313 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © SOAS, University of London 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography

DBZ =

Dainihon bukkyō zensho 大日本仏教全書

(Reference format: volume.page)

JZ =

Jōdoshū zensho 浄土宗全書

(Reference format: volume.page)

NKBT =

Nihon koten bungaku taikei 日本古典文学大系

(Reference format: volume.page)

Shiryō =

Naritasan Shinshōji shiryō shū 成田山新勝寺史料集

(Reference format: volume.page)

T. =

Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新修大蔵経

(Reference format: volume.text number.page and register.line)

TZ. =

Taishō shinshū daizōkyō zuzō 大正新修大蔵経図像

(Reference format: volume.text number.page and register.line)

Dainihon bukkyō zensho 大日本仏教全書

(Reference format: volume.page)

Jōdoshū zensho 浄土宗全書

(Reference format: volume.page)

Nihon koten bungaku taikei 日本古典文学大系

(Reference format: volume.page)

Naritasan Shinshōji shiryō shū 成田山新勝寺史料集

(Reference format: volume.page)

Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新修大蔵経

(Reference format: volume.text number.page and register.line)

Taishō shinshū daizōkyō zuzō 大正新修大蔵経図像

(Reference format: volume.text number.page and register.line)

Kankōkai, Bōsō Bunko 房総文庫刊行会 (ed.). 1930. Sakura fudoki 佐倉風土記. Bōsō bunko 房総文庫 1. Chiba: Bōsō Bunko Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Kankōkai, Bussho 仏書刊行会 (ed.). 1978–1983. Dainihon bukkyō zensho 大日本仏教全書. 150 volumes. Tokyo: Meicho Fukyūkai.Google Scholar
Kankōkai, Edo Sōsho 江戸双書刊行会 (ed.). 1964. Edo sōsho 江戸叢書. 12 volumes. Tokyo: Tōkyō Meicho Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Jōdoshū Kaishū Happyakunen Kinen Keisan Jimukyoku 浄土宗開宗八百年記念慶讃準備局 (ed.). 1970–74. Jōdoshū zensho 浄土宗全書. 23 volumes. Tokyo: Jōdoshū Shūten Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Kokuritsu Rekishi Minzoku Hakubutsukan 国立歴史民俗博物館 (ed.). 2010. Misemono kankei shiryō korekushon mokuroku 見世物関係資料コレクション目録, The Misemono Show Collection. Sakura-shi: Kokuritsu Rekishi Minzoku Hakubutsukan.Google Scholar
Sadatoshi, Nakaji 中路定俊. 1858. Narita meisho zue 成田名所図会 (Narita sankei ki成田参詣記). Naritasan Bukkyō Toshokan.Google Scholar
Shinshōji, Naritasan 成田山新勝寺 (ed.). 1938. Naritasan shi 成田山史. Narita: Naritasan Kaiki Issen'nensai Jimukyoku.Google Scholar
Shinshōji, Naritasan 成田山新勝寺. 1968. Shinshū Naritasan shi 新修成田山史. Narita: Daihondō Konryū Kinen Kaichō Hōshū Jimukyoku.Google Scholar
Naritasan Shinshōji Shiryōshū Hensan Iinkai 成田山新勝寺史料集編纂委員会 (ed.). 1992–2006. Naritasan Shinshōji shiryō shū 成田山新勝寺史料集. 6 volumes. Narita: Daihonzon Naritasan Shinshōji.Google Scholar
Kōzō, Nishida 西田耕三 (ed.). 1990. Shobutsu kan'nō kenkōsho 諸仏感応見好書, in Bukkyō setsuwa shūsei 仏教説話集成 1. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Seiji, Ōno 大野政治 (ed.). 1973. Narita meisho zue 成田名所図会. Tokyo: Arimine Shoten.Google Scholar
Toshirō, Ōta 群書類従 (ed.). 1952. Gunsho ruijū 群書類従 5. Tokyo: Gunsho ruijū kankōkai.Google Scholar
Shinzō 心蔵. 1792. Ōyama Fudō reigenki 大山不動霊験記. 5 volumes. Kanagawa Kenritsu Toshokan (Kanagawa Prefectural Library).Google Scholar
Tōzō, Suzuki 鈴木棠三 (ed.). 1980. “Tonegawa zushi” 利根川図志. Nihon meisho fūzoku zue 日本名所風俗図会 2 (Kantō no maki 関東の巻). Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten.Google Scholar
Ichinosuke, Takagi 高木市之助 et al. (eds). 1957–69. Nihon koten bungaku taikei 日本古典文学大系. 100 volumes. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.Google Scholar
Junjirō, Takakusu 高楠順次郎 and Kaikyoku, Watanabe 渡辺海旭 et al. (eds). 1924–34. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新修大蔵経. 85 volumes. Tokyo: Taishō Issaikyō Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Junjirō, Takakusu 高楠順次郎 and Genmyō, Ono 小野玄妙 (eds). 1976. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō zuzō 大正新修大蔵経図像. 12 volumes. Tokyo: Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Kakujirō, Yamada 山田角次郎. 1900. Katorigun shi 香取郡誌. Chiba: Azumasō Bunkō.Google Scholar
Ambros, Barbara. 2008. Emplacing a Pilgrimage: The Ōyama Cult and Regional Religion in Early Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ambros, Barbara and Williams, Duncan. 2001. “Local religion in Tokugawa history: Editors’ introduction”, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 28/3–4, 209–25.Google Scholar
Asahi, Juzan 旭寿山. 1981. Narita Fudō reigenki: Ichikawa Danjūrō to meiyū tachi 成田不動霊験記: 市川団十郎と名優たち. Narita: Daihonzan Naritasan Shinshōji Naritasan Bukkyō Kenkyūsho.Google Scholar
Asakura, Kamezo 朝倉龜三. 1992. Misemono kenkyū: shimai hen 見世物研究: 姉妹篇. Tokyo: Heibonsha.Google Scholar
Berry, Mary Elizabeth. 2006. Japan in Print: Information and Nation in the Early Modern Period. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Brandon, James R. and Leiter, Samuel L. (eds). 2004. Masterpieces of Kabuki: Eighteen Plays on Stage. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Brazell, Karen (ed.). 1998. Traditional Japanese Theater: An Anthology of Plays. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Henshūbu, Daihōrin 大法輪編集部 (ed.). 1981. Fudōsama nyūmon 不動さま入門. Tokyo: Daihōrikaku.Google Scholar
Hildburgh, W.L. 1913. “Seven Japanese variants of a toothache-charm, including a driven nail”, Man 13, 147–8.Google Scholar
Hisashi, Hiruma 比留間尚. 1980. Edo no kaichō 江戸の開帳. Tokyo: Yoshiwara Kōbunkan.Google Scholar
Hur, Nam-lin. 2000. Prayer and Play in Late Tokugawa Japan: Asakusa Sensōji and Edo Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Tamotsu, Kaneko 保金子. 2001. “Daiganji kaizan Dōyo Teiwa to Fudōson reigendan ni kansuru ikkōsatsu” 大巌寺開山道誉貞把と不動尊霊験譚に関する一考察. Shukutoku Daigaku daigakuin kenkyū kiyō 淑徳大学大学院研究紀要 8, 1–15.Google Scholar
Hakubutsukan, Kyōto Kokuritsu 京都国立博物館 (ed.). 1981. Gazō Fudō Myōō 画像不動明王. Dōhōsha.Google Scholar
Leiter, Samuel L. 2006. Historical Dictionary of Japanese Traditional Theatre. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.Google Scholar
Mack, Karen. 2006a. “The function and context of Fudō Myōō imagery from the ninth to fourteenth century in Japan”, PhD dissertation, University of Kansas.Google Scholar
Mack, Karen. 2006b. “The phenomenon of invoking Fudō for Pure Land rebirth in image and text”, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 33/2, 297–317.Google Scholar
McCullough, Helen Craig. 1988. The Tale of the Heike. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Shigeyoshi, Murakami 村上重良. 1968. Narita Fudō no rekishi 成田不動の歴史. Tokyo: Tōtsūsha.Google Scholar
Shigeyoshi, Murakami 村上重良. 1993. “Narita Fudō kō” 成田不動講, in Hisao, Tanaka 田中久夫 (ed.), Fudō shinkō 不動信仰, 257–65. Tokyo: Yūzankaku.Google Scholar
Keita, Nakamura 中村慶太. 1993. “Kurikara Fudō ni tsuite” 倶利迦羅不動について. In Hisao, Tanaka 田中久夫 (ed.), Fudō shinkō 不動信仰, 319–39. Tokyo: Yūzankaku.Google Scholar
Genzō, Nakano 中野玄三. 1987. “Fudō Myōō zō” 不動明王像. Nihon no bijutsu 日本の美術 3/238, 1–84.Google Scholar
Reikōkan, Naritasan 成田山霊光館 (ed.). 1998. Naritasan no reigen 成田山の霊験. Narita: Naritasan Reikōkan.Google Scholar
Nenzi, Laura. 2008. Excursions in Identity: Travel and the Intersection of Place, Gender, and Status in Edo Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Matsunosuke, Nishiyama 西山松之助. 1960. Ichikawa Danjūrō 市川団十郎. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan.Google Scholar
Hiroshi, Ogura 小倉博. 1976. “Kinsei Narita Fudō no kaichō ni tsuite” 近世成田不動の開帳について. Naritasan Bukkyō Kenkū Kiyō 成田山仏教研究紀要 2, 140–71.Google Scholar
Seiji, Ōno 大野政治 and Hiroshi, Ogura 小倉博 (eds). 1979. Naritasan Shinshōji no ema 成田山新勝寺の絵馬. Naritasan Shiryōkan Zuroku 2. Naritashi: Narita Shiryōkan.Google Scholar
Seiji, Ōno 大野政治. 1978. Naritasan Shinshōji: Minshū no Fudōson shinkōshi 成田山新勝寺：民衆の不動尊信仰史. Chiba: Ronshobō.Google Scholar
Orzech, Charles D. 1998. Politics and Transcendent Wisdom: The Scripture for Humane Kings in the Creation of Chinese Buddhism. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Pate, Alan Scott. 2008. Japanese Dolls: The Fascinating World of Ningyō. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing.Google Scholar
Payne, Richard K. 1991. The Tantric Ritual of Japan: Feeding the Gods, the Shingon Fire Ritual. Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan.Google Scholar
Rabinovitch, Judith N. 1986. Shōmonki: The Story of Masakado's Rebellion. Tokyo: Monumenta Nipponica.Google Scholar
Ryūken, Sawa 佐和隆研 (ed.). 1975. Mikkyō jiten 密教辞典. Kyoto: Hōzōkan.Google Scholar
Ryūken, Sawa 1984. Sōran Fudō Myōō 総覧不動明王. Kyoto: Hōzōkan.Google Scholar
Mamoru, Takada 高田衛. 1991. Edo no ekusoshisuto 江戸の悪霊祓い師. Tokyo: Tsukuma Shobō.Google Scholar
Fumio, Tamamuro 圭室文雄. 1993. “Kinsei shomin shinkō to bungei: ‘Ōyama Fudō reigenki’ wo chūshin to shite” 近世庶民信仰と文芸––「大山不動霊験記」を中心として. Koku bungaku kaishaku to kanshō 国文学解釈と鑑賞 58/3, 36–44.Google Scholar
Hisao, Tanaka 田中久夫 (ed.). 1993. Fudō shinkō 不動信仰. Tokyo: Yūzankaku.Google Scholar
Thal, Sarah. 2005. Rearranging the Landscape of the Gods. The Politics of a Pilgrimage Site in Japan 1573–1912. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hideaki, Tsuneishi 常石英明. 1967. Nihontō no kantei to kanshō 日本刀の鑑定と鑑賞. Tokyo: Kin'ensha.Google Scholar
Shōichi, Uehara 上原昭一 et al. 1989. Kannon, Jizō, Fudō 観音・地蔵・不動. Tokyo: Shūeisha.Google Scholar
Shōkō, Watanabe 渡辺照宏. 1975. Fudō Myōō 不動明王. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha.Google Scholar
Motohiro, Yoritomi 頼富本宏. 1984. Shomin no hotoke: Kannon, Jizō, Fudō 庶民のほとけ：観音・地蔵・不動. Tokyo: Nihonhōsō Shuppan Kyōkai.Google Scholar
Kankōkai, Bōsō Bunko 房総文庫刊行会 (ed.). 1930. Sakura fudoki 佐倉風土記. Bōsō bunko 房総文庫 1. Chiba: Bōsō Bunko Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Kankōkai, Bussho 仏書刊行会 (ed.). 1978–1983. Dainihon bukkyō zensho 大日本仏教全書. 150 volumes. Tokyo: Meicho Fukyūkai.Google Scholar
Kankōkai, Edo Sōsho 江戸双書刊行会 (ed.). 1964. Edo sōsho 江戸叢書. 12 volumes. Tokyo: Tōkyō Meicho Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Jōdoshū Kaishū Happyakunen Kinen Keisan Jimukyoku 浄土宗開宗八百年記念慶讃準備局 (ed.). 1970–74. Jōdoshū zensho 浄土宗全書. 23 volumes. Tokyo: Jōdoshū Shūten Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Kokuritsu Rekishi Minzoku Hakubutsukan 国立歴史民俗博物館 (ed.). 2010. Misemono kankei shiryō korekushon mokuroku 見世物関係資料コレクション目録, The Misemono Show Collection. Sakura-shi: Kokuritsu Rekishi Minzoku Hakubutsukan.Google Scholar
Sadatoshi, Nakaji 中路定俊. 1858. Narita meisho zue 成田名所図会 (Narita sankei ki成田参詣記). Naritasan Bukkyō Toshokan.Google Scholar
Shinshōji, Naritasan 成田山新勝寺 (ed.). 1938. Naritasan shi 成田山史. Narita: Naritasan Kaiki Issen'nensai Jimukyoku.Google Scholar
Shinshōji, Naritasan 成田山新勝寺. 1968. Shinshū Naritasan shi 新修成田山史. Narita: Daihondō Konryū Kinen Kaichō Hōshū Jimukyoku.Google Scholar
Naritasan Shinshōji Shiryōshū Hensan Iinkai 成田山新勝寺史料集編纂委員会 (ed.). 1992–2006. Naritasan Shinshōji shiryō shū 成田山新勝寺史料集. 6 volumes. Narita: Daihonzon Naritasan Shinshōji.Google Scholar
Kōzō, Nishida 西田耕三 (ed.). 1990. Shobutsu kan'nō kenkōsho 諸仏感応見好書, in Bukkyō setsuwa shūsei 仏教説話集成 1. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Seiji, Ōno 大野政治 (ed.). 1973. Narita meisho zue 成田名所図会. Tokyo: Arimine Shoten.Google Scholar
Toshirō, Ōta 群書類従 (ed.). 1952. Gunsho ruijū 群書類従 5. Tokyo: Gunsho ruijū kankōkai.Google Scholar
Shinzō 心蔵. 1792. Ōyama Fudō reigenki 大山不動霊験記. 5 volumes. Kanagawa Kenritsu Toshokan (Kanagawa Prefectural Library).Google Scholar
Tōzō, Suzuki 鈴木棠三 (ed.). 1980. “Tonegawa zushi” 利根川図志. Nihon meisho fūzoku zue 日本名所風俗図会 2 (Kantō no maki 関東の巻). Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten.Google Scholar
Ichinosuke, Takagi 高木市之助 et al. (eds). 1957–69. Nihon koten bungaku taikei 日本古典文学大系. 100 volumes. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.Google Scholar
Junjirō, Takakusu 高楠順次郎 and Kaikyoku, Watanabe 渡辺海旭 et al. (eds). 1924–34. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新修大蔵経. 85 volumes. Tokyo: Taishō Issaikyō Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Junjirō, Takakusu 高楠順次郎 and Genmyō, Ono 小野玄妙 (eds). 1976. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō zuzō 大正新修大蔵経図像. 12 volumes. Tokyo: Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō Kankōkai.Google Scholar
Kakujirō, Yamada 山田角次郎. 1900. Katorigun shi 香取郡誌. Chiba: Azumasō Bunkō.Google Scholar
Ambros, Barbara. 2008. Emplacing a Pilgrimage: The Ōyama Cult and Regional Religion in Early Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ambros, Barbara and Williams, Duncan. 2001. “Local religion in Tokugawa history: Editors’ introduction”, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 28/3–4, 209–25.Google Scholar
Asahi, Juzan 旭寿山. 1981. Narita Fudō reigenki: Ichikawa Danjūrō to meiyū tachi 成田不動霊験記: 市川団十郎と名優たち. Narita: Daihonzan Naritasan Shinshōji Naritasan Bukkyō Kenkyūsho.Google Scholar
Asakura, Kamezo 朝倉龜三. 1992. Misemono kenkyū: shimai hen 見世物研究: 姉妹篇. Tokyo: Heibonsha.Google Scholar
Berry, Mary Elizabeth. 2006. Japan in Print: Information and Nation in the Early Modern Period. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Brandon, James R. and Leiter, Samuel L. (eds). 2004. Masterpieces of Kabuki: Eighteen Plays on Stage. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Brazell, Karen (ed.). 1998. Traditional Japanese Theater: An Anthology of Plays. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Henshūbu, Daihōrin 大法輪編集部 (ed.). 1981. Fudōsama nyūmon 不動さま入門. Tokyo: Daihōrikaku.Google Scholar
Hildburgh, W.L. 1913. “Seven Japanese variants of a toothache-charm, including a driven nail”, Man 13, 147–8.Google Scholar
Hisashi, Hiruma 比留間尚. 1980. Edo no kaichō 江戸の開帳. Tokyo: Yoshiwara Kōbunkan.Google Scholar
Hur, Nam-lin. 2000. Prayer and Play in Late Tokugawa Japan: Asakusa Sensōji and Edo Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Tamotsu, Kaneko 保金子. 2001. “Daiganji kaizan Dōyo Teiwa to Fudōson reigendan ni kansuru ikkōsatsu” 大巌寺開山道誉貞把と不動尊霊験譚に関する一考察. Shukutoku Daigaku daigakuin kenkyū kiyō 淑徳大学大学院研究紀要 8, 1–15.Google Scholar
Hakubutsukan, Kyōto Kokuritsu 京都国立博物館 (ed.). 1981. Gazō Fudō Myōō 画像不動明王. Dōhōsha.Google Scholar
Leiter, Samuel L. 2006. Historical Dictionary of Japanese Traditional Theatre. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.Google Scholar
Mack, Karen. 2006a. “The function and context of Fudō Myōō imagery from the ninth to fourteenth century in Japan”, PhD dissertation, University of Kansas.Google Scholar
Mack, Karen. 2006b. “The phenomenon of invoking Fudō for Pure Land rebirth in image and text”, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 33/2, 297–317.Google Scholar
McCullough, Helen Craig. 1988. The Tale of the Heike. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Shigeyoshi, Murakami 村上重良. 1968. Narita Fudō no rekishi 成田不動の歴史. Tokyo: Tōtsūsha.Google Scholar
Shigeyoshi, Murakami 村上重良. 1993. “Narita Fudō kō” 成田不動講, in Hisao, Tanaka 田中久夫 (ed.), Fudō shinkō 不動信仰, 257–65. Tokyo: Yūzankaku.Google Scholar
Keita, Nakamura 中村慶太. 1993. “Kurikara Fudō ni tsuite” 倶利迦羅不動について. In Hisao, Tanaka 田中久夫 (ed.), Fudō shinkō 不動信仰, 319–39. Tokyo: Yūzankaku.Google Scholar
Genzō, Nakano 中野玄三. 1987. “Fudō Myōō zō” 不動明王像. Nihon no bijutsu 日本の美術 3/238, 1–84.Google Scholar
Reikōkan, Naritasan 成田山霊光館 (ed.). 1998. Naritasan no reigen 成田山の霊験. Narita: Naritasan Reikōkan.Google Scholar
Nenzi, Laura. 2008. Excursions in Identity: Travel and the Intersection of Place, Gender, and Status in Edo Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Matsunosuke, Nishiyama 西山松之助. 1960. Ichikawa Danjūrō 市川団十郎. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan.Google Scholar
Hiroshi, Ogura 小倉博. 1976. “Kinsei Narita Fudō no kaichō ni tsuite” 近世成田不動の開帳について. Naritasan Bukkyō Kenkū Kiyō 成田山仏教研究紀要 2, 140–71.Google Scholar
Seiji, Ōno 大野政治 and Hiroshi, Ogura 小倉博 (eds). 1979. Naritasan Shinshōji no ema 成田山新勝寺の絵馬. Naritasan Shiryōkan Zuroku 2. Naritashi: Narita Shiryōkan.Google Scholar
Seiji, Ōno 大野政治. 1978. Naritasan Shinshōji: Minshū no Fudōson shinkōshi 成田山新勝寺：民衆の不動尊信仰史. Chiba: Ronshobō.Google Scholar
Orzech, Charles D. 1998. Politics and Transcendent Wisdom: The Scripture for Humane Kings in the Creation of Chinese Buddhism. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Pate, Alan Scott. 2008. Japanese Dolls: The Fascinating World of Ningyō. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing.Google Scholar
Payne, Richard K. 1991. The Tantric Ritual of Japan: Feeding the Gods, the Shingon Fire Ritual. Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan.Google Scholar
Rabinovitch, Judith N. 1986. Shōmonki: The Story of Masakado's Rebellion. Tokyo: Monumenta Nipponica.Google Scholar
Ryūken, Sawa 佐和隆研 (ed.). 1975. Mikkyō jiten 密教辞典. Kyoto: Hōzōkan.Google Scholar
Ryūken, Sawa 1984. Sōran Fudō Myōō 総覧不動明王. Kyoto: Hōzōkan.Google Scholar
Mamoru, Takada 高田衛. 1991. Edo no ekusoshisuto 江戸の悪霊祓い師. Tokyo: Tsukuma Shobō.Google Scholar
Fumio, Tamamuro 圭室文雄. 1993. “Kinsei shomin shinkō to bungei: ‘Ōyama Fudō reigenki’ wo chūshin to shite” 近世庶民信仰と文芸––「大山不動霊験記」を中心として. Koku bungaku kaishaku to kanshō 国文学解釈と鑑賞 58/3, 36–44.Google Scholar
Hisao, Tanaka 田中久夫 (ed.). 1993. Fudō shinkō 不動信仰. Tokyo: Yūzankaku.Google Scholar
Thal, Sarah. 2005. Rearranging the Landscape of the Gods. The Politics of a Pilgrimage Site in Japan 1573–1912. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hideaki, Tsuneishi 常石英明. 1967. Nihontō no kantei to kanshō 日本刀の鑑定と鑑賞. Tokyo: Kin'ensha.Google Scholar
Shōichi, Uehara 上原昭一 et al. 1989. Kannon, Jizō, Fudō 観音・地蔵・不動. Tokyo: Shūeisha.Google Scholar
Shōkō, Watanabe 渡辺照宏. 1975. Fudō Myōō 不動明王. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha.Google Scholar
Motohiro, Yoritomi 頼富本宏. 1984. Shomin no hotoke: Kannon, Jizō, Fudō 庶民のほとけ：観音・地蔵・不動. Tokyo: Nihonhōsō Shuppan Kyōkai.Google Scholar