¹ Main sources of information: Meinhof, C., ‘Linguistisohe Studien in Ostafrika. x. Mbugu’, MSOS, IX, 3, 1906, 294–323Google Scholar. Copland, B. D., ‘A note on the origin of the Mbugu, with a text’, Z. Eingeb. Spr., XXIV, 1933–1934, 241–5Google Scholar. Green, E. C., ‘The Wambugu of Usambara’, TNR, 61, 1963, 175–89Google Scholar. A file, kindly lent by Mr. E. C. Green; the writer, apparently not English, is anonymous (referred to here as ‘File’). Undated.

² The similarity of the names Mbugu and Mbugwe may, or may not, be fortuitous.

³ Although the Burungi, south of the Mbugwe, are separated from them by the Gorowa, whose speech is closely akin to Iraqw, and the Bantu-speaking Laŋgi, this may not always have been the case.

⁴ Meyer (Across East African glaciers) in 1888 also found some Mbugu in Ugweno who, though no longer living as an independent tribe, retained their tribal name; he comments on their physical resemblanco to the Mbugu of Usambara.

⁵ op. cit.

⁶ A descendant of the Kilindi ruling dynasty of Usambara.

⁷ We have never come across this name.

⁸ Variously labelled ‘Bantoid’, ‘Hamitic’, ‘Sudanic’, ‘related to Maasai’, ‘perhaps influenced by Burungi’, etc.

⁹ Rather than to Sambaa, the language of the people among whom they now live.

¹⁰ See Lake Jipe on map, p. 189.

¹¹ As in German.

¹² But occurs in the Iraqw Group languages.

¹³ cf. the adjective -giru ‘large, big’.

¹⁴ Iraqw he, Burungi heedi.

¹⁵ cf. verb gwa ‘steal’.

¹⁶ Iraqw däsi/dasu. For another n:d correspondence, see ‘nose’, under Classes 9/6.

¹⁷ Galla hark^a.

¹⁸ Iraqw, Burungi aɬa.

¹⁹ Iraqw ɬahaŋw, Burungi ɬeheŋ.

²⁰ Iraqw xa'ano/xaa'i, Burungi xa'imo/xa'i, Galla mux^a.

²¹ Probably = food—but see ‘food’ under Classes 7/8.

²² Iraqw fara.

²³ Burungi tlaflya; Iraqw tlafi ‘thundercloud’.

²⁴ See ‘Miscellaneous’, p. 207.

²⁵ Somali ‘iid ‘sand’.

²⁶ cf. Guthrie *-càŋgà ‘sand’; in some languages, including Sambaa (ʃaŋga), = soil; in sagala isaía = country.

²⁷ Massai ol-día.

²⁸ Galla óxokaani.

²⁹ Iraqw, Burungi ila, Somali il.

³⁰ Iraqw ilwa, Burungi iliba.

³¹ Iraqw, Burungi aara ‘goats’ (pl.), Somali áɬɖi ‘sheep/goat’; the Iraqw singular is le'i.

³² See ‘Miscellaneous’, p. 207, for Meinhof's ‘sheep’.

³³ Probably two different kinds of spear.

³⁴ Iraqw tla’ano/tla”‘e, Burungi tl’‘u/tl’‘e.

³⁵ The plural might be expected to mean ‘days’ (Copland has ma'aze ‘days’). But ‘daytime’ is recorded as mu'aðέ; B. has ama for ‘day', but A.N.T. has ‘amá = night (Meinhof gives ama = day; night (in counting)). Iraqw tsee'ama ‘sun’, Burungi amasi ‘night’.

³⁶ Iraqw, Burungi ma'ay.

³⁷ This is the word for ‘beer’ in Swahili.

³⁸ Iraqw kwaɬaɬi/kwaɬu, Burungi kwaɬa/kwaɬaɬu ‘bead’.

³⁹ Iraqw ga (but pl. mara).

⁴⁰ See under ‘Miscellaneous’, p. 207.

⁴¹ Burungi tsaaqwa ‘wind’.

⁴² Somali (dial.) minan ‘house’, (arch.) min ‘bridal house’.

⁴³ Somali , Burungi (Meinhof) xabi.

⁴⁴ Burungi oŋ/omeeri.

⁴⁵ Iraqw duŋga, Burungi uruŋga.

⁴⁶ Iraqw lohi.

⁴⁷ Probably ‘skin for sleeping on’, cf. Sambaa ŋkiŋgo.

⁴⁸ Informants from Magamba and Same respectively.

⁴⁹ Burnngi taant-.

⁵⁰ Cl. 16 ‘place’ prefix + gi, cf. kigi ‘thing’.

⁵¹ See ‘sun’ under Cl. 5/6, and p. 196, n. 35.

⁵² Iraqw wäk.

⁵³ Iraqw, Burungi ko'an.

⁵⁴ Iraqw ká ‘this’ (gender 3, mostly plural nouns), Burungi ka'a ‘that’ (gender 1 ?).

⁵⁵ Iraqw án, aní, aníŋ.

⁵⁶ Iraqw kuŋgá (masc).

⁵⁷ Iraqw kín (genders 1 and 3).

⁵⁸ See also -ta under ‘Miscellancous’, p.206.

⁵⁹ Iraqw gwaa-, Burungi gwa-.

⁶⁰ Iraqw ‘ay, Burungi ag-.

⁶¹ Iraqw huu-, Burungi hu-.

⁶² Burungi taant-.

⁶³ Burungi ra'i (noun) [meinhof].

⁶⁴ Somali sεεɔ.

⁶⁵ Iraqw, Burungi qaas-.

⁶⁶ Iraqw o(o).

⁶⁷ Iraqw isa'.

⁶⁸ Iraqw matlo.