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The influence of the Tajik language on the vocalism of Central Asian Arabic dialects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

George V. Tsereteli
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Extract

The Arabs in Central Asia occupied in the past, as is well known, considerable territory, especially in the lower parts of the basins of the Zarafshān and Qashqa-daryā rivers, and also in Khojend and the south-eastern regions of Tajikistan.

In the course of centuries the majority of the Central Asian Arabs have lost their language and only small groups of them continue to speak Arabic up to the present time in the villages of Jōgarḹ, Čardaḹ (Ġijduwān district) and ‘Arab-Xōna (Wobkend district) of the Bukhārā region and in the village of Jeinau in the Qashqa-daryā region.

Type
Articles and Notes and Communications
Information
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , Volume 33 , Issue 1 , February 1970 , pp. 167 - 170
Copyright
Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies 1970

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References

1 In the Samarqand and Bukhārā regions.

2 In the vicinity of the town Karshi.

3 cf. Rremer, A., Culturgeschichte des Orients, Wien, 1875–1877, 11, 143Google Scholar; Wellhausen, J., Das arabische Reich und seine Sturz, Berlin, 1902, 247 fGoogle Scholar.; Barthold, W., Turkestan down to the Mongol invasion, London, 1928, passimGoogle Scholar; idem, K istorii orosheniya Turkestana, St. Petersburg, 1914; idem, Istoriya kul'turnoy zhizni Turkestana, 1927, 22 f.; Spuler, B., Iran in fruh-islamischer Zeit, Wiesbaden, 1952, passimGoogle Scholar; idem, ‘al-'Arab’, El, second ed., i, 527 f.

4 Now a small town near Bukhārā, already mentioned by Arab geographers (Sam'ānī, Kitāb al-ansāb; Yāqūt, Mu'jam al-buldān, s.v.) in the forms Ġijduwān, Ġujduwān, Ġujdawān as a qaryatun min qurā buxārā 'aliā sittati farāsixa minhā wabihā sūqun fī kulli usbū'in yawman yajtami'u fīhā ahlu ‘l-qurā li’ l-bay ‘i wa ’ l-Širā'i (Sam'āni); cf. Barthold, W., Turkestan, p. 119, n. 14Google Scholar.

5 Mentioned by Sam'ānī as wābhana (s.v.) and by Yāqūt as wābakna, IV, 872; cf. Barthold, W., Turkestan, 132Google Scholar.

6 See our articles: ‘The Arabic dialects of Central Asia (preliminary account)’ (in Georgian, ), Izvestiya Instituta Istorii, Yazyka i Materialnoy Kultury Gruzinskogo Filiala AN SSSR, I, 1937, 295 fGoogle Scholar.; ‘“Nestan-Darejan” in Central Asian Arabic folk-lore’ (in Russian and Georgian), Sbornik Rustaveli, k 750-letiyu ‘V epkhistkaosani‘, Tbilisi, 1938Google Scholar; ‘Materials for the study of Arabic dialects in Central Asia. An Arabic tale from kishlak Jagar of the Ġijduwān district of the Uzbek SSR’ (in Russian), Zapiski Instituta Vostokovedeniya Akademii Nauk SSSR, VII, 1939, 254 fGoogle Scholar.; ‘On the characteristics of the language of the Central Asian Arabs’ (in Russian), Trudy vtoroy sessii Assotsiatsii Arabistov, 1937, Moscow-Leningrad, 1941, 133 fGoogle Scholar.; ‘On the formation of some basic verbal forms in the Bukhārā Arabic dialect’ (in Georgian), Trudy Tbilisskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, XXX/I, 6, 1947, 461 fGoogle Scholar.; ‘The Arabic dialects in Central Asia’, Papers presented by the Soviet delegation at the XXIII International Congress of Orientalists. Semitic studies, Moscow, 1954Google Scholar; ‘On the study of the language of the Central Asian Arabs. Specimens of the language of the Qashqa-daryā Arabs’ (in Russian), Trudy Instituta Yazykoznaniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoy SSR, Seriya Vostochnykh Yazykov, I, 1954, 251 fGoogle Scholar.; The Arabic dialects of Central Asia. I. Bukhara Arabic dialect, Tbilisi, 1956Google Scholar.

See also: Burykina, N. N. and Izmaylova, M. M., ‘Nekotorye dannye po yazyku arabov kishlaka Dzhugary Bukharskogo okruga i kishlaka Dzheynau Kashka-Dar'inskogo okruga Uzbekskoy SSR’, Zapiski Kollegii Vostokevedov, v, 1930, 527 fGoogle Scholar.; Yushmanov, N. V., ‘Arabskoe narechie Sovetskogo Vostoka’, Kul'tura i Pis'mennost' Vostoka, x, 1935, 76 fGoogle Scholar.; Volin, S. L., ‘K istorii sredneaziatskikh arabov’, Trudy vtoroy sessii Assotsiatsii Arabistov, 1937, Moscow-Leningrad, 1941, 111 fGoogle Scholar.; Vinnikov, I. N., ‘Araby v SSSR’, Sovetskaya Élnografiya, IV, 1940, 3 fGoogle Scholar.; idem, ‘Materialy po yazyku i fol'kloru bukharskikh arabov’, Sovetskoe Vostokovedenie, VI, 1949, 120 f.; idem, ‘Fol'klor bukharskikh arabov’, Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, VI, 1–3, 1956, 181 f.; Krachkovskiy, I., ‘Arabistika v SSSR za 20 let’, Trudy vtoroy sessii Assotsiatsii Arabistov, 1937, Moscow-Leningrad, 1941, 28 fGoogle Scholar.; idem, ‘Arabistika i istoriya narodov SSSR’, Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1938, No. 5, pp. 56 f.; idem, Ocherki po istorii russkoy arabistiki, Moscow-Leningrad, 1950, 252 f.; Nyberg, H. S. in Le Monde Oriental, XXIV, 1–2, 1930, 126 fGoogle Scholar.; Jum'a, Muhammad Mahmūd, ‘al-‘Arab fī āsiyā’ l-wustā’, Mustami' al-'Arabi (London), V, 13, 1944, 11 fGoogle Scholar.

7 cf. ‘The Arabic dialects of Central Asia’, 1937, 301; also Bukhara Arabic dialect, 1956, xvi f.

8 Common Arabic is used here to denote the putative ancestral common language from which the present dialects are derived. Cf. Blane, Haim, Communal dialects in Baghdad, Cambridge, Mass., 1964, p. 183, n. 8Google Scholar; see also Ferguson, Charles A., ‘The Arabic koine’, Language, XXXV, 4, 1959, 616 fCrossRefGoogle Scholar.

9 And in all cases of analogous character.

10 Also in all forms of the plural with a feminine ending.

11 In Q the pronominal suffix of the 3rd person masc. sing., as in ‘Irāqī Arabie, is represented by the particle a. Cf. ‘The Arabic dialects in Central Asia’, 1954, 15, 30; cf. also Meissner, B., ‘Neuarabische Geschichten aus dem Iraq’, BASS, 1903, p. xxviiiGoogle Scholar; Blanc, H., op. cit., 64Google Scholar.

12 Also in analogical forms of masdar.

13 In the texts we have published we use for this phoneme the sign, but in the present article, for convenience, we represent it simply by ō; however, it must be remembered that it is a more open sound than ‘cardinal’ o.

14 See Sokolova, V. S., Fonetika tadzhikskogo yazyka, Moscow-Leningrad, 1949, 26Google Scholar.

15 See The Arabic dialects of Central Asia, 1956, 77. At the same time in B there occurs a parallel form istawġaz, see ‘The Arabic dialects in Central Asia’, 1954, 15, 30.

16 Sokolova, V. S., op. cit., p. 79, n. 1Google Scholar.

17 cf. Sokolova, V. S., op. cit., 29 fGoogle Scholar.

18 With respect to latent h. see Ferguson, C. A., ‘Two problems of Arabic phonology’, Word, XIII, 3, 1957, 472Google Scholar.

19 Cowan, William, ‘Arabic evidence for Proto-Semitic */awa / and */ō /’, Language, XXXVI, 1, 1960, 60 fCrossRefGoogle Scholar.

20 Eabin, C., Ancient West-Arabian, London, 1951, 106Google Scholar.