² Hājjī, Khalifa, Kashf al-zunūn ‘an asāmiy al-kulub wa'l-funū, ed. Flügel, G., Leipzig, 1835, 267Google Scholar

³ Leiden, 1920, 305.

⁴ On Abū’l-Hasan ‘Ali ibn Aḥbmad al-Wāḥidī al-Nīsābūrī, see Brockelmann, GAL, I, 411, suppl i, 730; also see below p. 4.

⁵ Paris, 1977, p. 234, n. 334.

⁶ Watt, W. M., Bell’s introduction to the Qur’ an, Edinburgh. 1970, 167.Google Scholar

⁷ Theodor, Noldeke, Friedrich Schwally, Geschichte des Qorāns (hereafter GdQ), Leipzig, 1909–1938, ii, 182–4Google Scholar

⁸ On jalāl al-Din al-suyūti see GAL, II, 143, Suppl.II, 178; EI (1st ed.), IV, 573–5; also see below p. 9.

⁹ Ed. G. Flūgel, Leipzing, 1871, 38, in reference to the texts by ‘Ikrima and al-Hasan al-Baṣrī, on which see below p. 2.

¹⁰ Certainly a large number of modern printed works exist, e.g. Khalīfa, Muhammad M., Ma‘a nuzū’ān,Cairo, [1972]Google Scholar; such works are, however, simply culled from readilt avilable classical sourees and are of little, in not no independent value. It should also be noted that this study has limited itself to works written in Arabic; I have discovered the existence of only one Persian work; see C., Storey, Persian literature: a bibliographical survey, London, 1927–39, I, p. 58Google Scholar, item 10. A modern Turkish text also exists: H. Tahsin Emiroglo, Esbab-i Nüzūl: Kur'an Āyetlerinin iniṣ Sebepleri ve Tafsirleri, Konya, 1965.

¹¹ On ‘Ikrima (mawlā ibn 'Abbās) see Sezgin, GAS, I,23, 24, 26, 81, 91, 243, 285 for brief details; El (2nd ed.), III, 1081–2; Goldziher, Richtungen, 75–6.

¹² On ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Abbās see GAS, I, 25–8; EI (2nd ed.), I, 40–1.

¹³ GdQ, II, 183; Ibn al-Nudim, al-fihrist, 38.M

¹⁴ On Ibn ‘Abbā and his role in exegetical literature see A., Rippin, ‘Abbās’s al-Lughātfi’l-Qur’ ān’, BSOAS, XLIV, I, 1981, 15–25.Google Scholar Also see John, Wansbrough, Quranic studies: sources and methods of scriptural interpretation (hereafter QS), Oxford, 1977Google Scholar ch. iv passim. For more traditional interpretatipons of Ibn ‘Abbās’s role see GAS, I, 25–8;Google ScholarGoldziher, , Richtungen, 65–81.Google Scholar

¹⁵ On al-Hasan ibn Abī'I-hasan la-Bașri see GAS, I, 30, 591–4; EI(2nd ed.), III, 247–8.

¹⁶ GdQ, II, 183; Ibn al-Nadim, al-Fihrist, 38.

¹⁷ Bayard, Dodge (tr.), The Fihrist of al-Nadim: a tenth century survey of Muslim culture, New York, 1970, I 82: GAS, I, 30, 592.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Specifically Chester Beatty 3315 and Shahid ‘Ali Pasha 1934; see introduction to al-fihrist translation, I, xxiii-xxx and GAS, I 388.

¹⁹ see my ‘Al-zuhri, naskh al-Qur' ān and the problem of early tafsir texts’, BSOAS, XLVII, I, 1984, 22–43.Google Scholar

²⁰ On ‘Alī ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn Ja'far al-Madini see GAS, I, 108. Ibn al-Nadim, al-firish, 231, goves 258/871 as the death date. Also note that Hājji Khalifa, Kashf alzunūn, 268, followed by W. Ahlwardt (ed.), Die Hamdschriftem- Verzeichnisse der KÖniglichen Bibliothek zu Berlin, Berlin, 1887, I, 185, gives his name as 'Ali ibn al-Madani. It should be noted that Ahlwardt provides in his catalogue of Berlin manuscripts, I, 185, a list of titles of works to which he hed discovered reference connected to the topic of asbāb al-unzū; further references will be made to this list below.

²¹ al-Fihrist, 231, translation I, 566; Dodge gives the title as Kitāb al-tanz7īl al-laṭīf, ‘ The gracious revelation’. Ahlwardt, Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 185, gives the title as Asbāb alnuzūl but this is probably just given in lieu of anyting else.

²² Al-Zarkashi, , al-Burhān fi ‘ulūm al-Qur’ān, Cairo, 1957, I, 22Google Scholar. On Badr al-Dīn al-Zarkashī see GAL, II, 91, Supp;. II, 108.

²³ AL-Suyūṭī, ‘ulūm al-Qur’ā, Cairo, 1951, I, 28;Google Scholar also see GdQ, II, 183. The relation-ship between these works of al-Zarkashī and al-Suyūṭī has been the subject of an exhanustive and very useful study by Nolin, K. E., The Itān and its sources: a study of al-Itqān fi ‘ulūm al-Qur’ān by Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī with special reference to al-Burhān fi ‘ulūm al-Qur’ān by Bard al-Dī al-Zarkashī’, Ph.D. Thesis, Hartford Seminary, 1968.Google Scholar

²⁴ Kashf al-ẓunūn, 268; see also Aḥmad, Ṣaqr, introduction to al-Wāḥidī, Asbāb nuzūl al-Qur'ān, Cairo, 1969, 23.Google Scholar

²⁵ Al-'ilal [‘lal al-ḥdīth wa ma‘rifat al-rijāl according to GAS, I 108], Beirut, 1972, 3–34.

²⁶ See below pp. 9–10 for al-Suyūḥī's list of sources.

²⁶ e.g. ad the report for Q. 21: 101.

²⁷ See below nn. 43, 44, 45 for example.

²⁹ Abū'l-Muṭarrif's dat eof death is given as 335/946 in Ahlwardt, Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 185. On him see al-Dāwudī, , Ṭabaqāt al-mufassirin, Cairo, 1972, I, 285–7.Google Scholar

³⁰ Kashf al-zun؛n, 268; Handschriften-verseichnisse, I, 185.

³¹ Tabaqāt al-mufassirīn, I, 285–7

³² Intoducion to al-Wāhidī, Asbāb muz؛l al-Qur'ān, 23.

³³ On al-Hīrī see GAL, suppl. I, 729.

³⁴ I, p. 8, l. 13.

³⁵ Al-Dāwudī, Tabaqāt al-mufassirīn, I, 104–5; GAL, Suppl. I, 729. Also of interest is M. Abdus Sattar, 'Al-Hīrī's Kifāyat al-tafsīr: a rare manuscript on exegesis of the Qur'ān', Islamic Studies, XVI, 1977, 117–30.

³⁶ See Qs, 135–6.

³⁷ See above n. 4.

³⁸ Al-Zarkashī, al-Burhān, I, 22; al-Suy؛tī, al-Itqān, I, 28; Hājjī Khalīfa, Kashf al-zun؛n, 268.

³⁹ Also see the basic description of the text given in Ahlwardt, Handschiften-Verzeichnisse, I, 180–1 (MISS 463–4).

⁴⁰ On Ab؛ Ishāq Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labī al-Nīsāb؛rī see GAL, I, 305–1, Suppl.

⁴¹ See e.g. British LIbrary Add. 19926 (Vol.I), OR 9060 (Vol. III). It si worthy of note that al-Tha'labī provides at the beginning of Vol. I of his tafsīr a bibliography of sources employed by and/or known ot him, a list which Sezgin has used in GAS extensively; no asbāb al-nuz؛l text is given in this list.

⁴² His works include Tafsīr al-Qur'ān al-wajīz, Cairo, 1305;Google Scholaral-wasīṭ bayn al-maqbūṭ wa'l-basīṭ, e.g., Berlin MS Sprenger 415; al-Basīṭ, e.g., NUr Osmaniye MSS 236–40.

⁴³ Ad 2:143 Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismā'īi al-Bukhārī al-Ju'fī is cited; on him see GAS, I, 115–34; GAL, I, 157–60, Suppl, I, 260–5; Ei (2nd ed.), I, 1296–7.

⁴⁴ Ad 2:143 Abū'-Ḥusayn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Qushayrī al-Nīsābūrī is also cited; on him see GAS, I, 136–43; GAS, I, 136–43; GAL. I, 160–71, Suppl. I, 265–6; EI (1st ed.), III, 756.

⁴⁵ Ad 12:3 Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Ḥamdawayh al-Ḥākim al-Nīsābūrī is cited; on him see GAS, I, 221–2; GAL, I, 166, Suppl. I. 276; EI (2nd ed.), III, 82.

⁴⁶ On Mujāhid ibn Jabr see GAS, I, 29.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ On Muwātil ibn Sulaymān See GAS, I, 36–7Google Scholar

⁴⁸ On al-'Irāqī see GAL, I, 415Google Scholar

⁴⁹ On al-'Irāqī see GAL, I, 415Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Ahlwardt, , Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 182, MS 465Google Scholar

⁵¹ Zashf al-ẓunun, 268.

⁵² Al-Dāwudi, , Ṭabaqāt al-mufassirīn, II, 87–9; Ḥājjī Khalifa, Kashf al-ẓunūn, 268Google Scholar; Ahlwardt, , Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 182Google Scholar; GAL I, 415Google Scholar; Arberry, A. J., The Chester Beatty LIbrary: a handlist of the Arabic manuscripts, Dublin, 1964, VII, 64Google Scholar

⁵³ Note that the gaps in the treatment of sūra 2 in the MS of al-'Irāqī seem intentional (e.g., between verse 39 and 109); there is no evidence of loss of text.

⁵⁴ On al-Māzandarānī see al-Dāwudī, , Ṭabaqāt al-mufassirīn, II, 199–200.Google Scholar

⁵⁵ Ḥājjī Khalifa, Kashf al-ẓunūn, 269; Ahlwardt, Handchriften-Verseichnisse, I, 185;Google Scholaral-Dāwudi, , Ṭabaqāt al-mufassirīn, II, 199–200Google Scholar.

⁵⁶ On Ibn al-Jawcī see GAL, I, 500–6,Google Scholar Suppl. I, 914–20; EI (2nd ed.), III, 751–2.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Ṭājjī Khalīfa, Kashf al-ẓunūn, 268; Ahlwardt, , Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, i, 185Google Scholar

⁵⁸ On al-Ja 'bari see GAL, II, 109Google Scholar, Suppl. II, 134–5.

⁵⁹ GAL, Suppl. I, 730.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Ewald, Wagner, Arabische Handschriften Teil I. Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Hand schriften in Deutschland, Band XVII, Reihe B, Wiesbaden, 1976, I, 8–9.Google Scholar

⁶¹ Al-Ujhūrī, Irshād al-raḥmān, Dār al-Kutuib al-Miṣriyyah MS tafsir 42, f.1b; on this text see below p. II.

⁶² See folio 116b; Wagner, , Arabische Handschriften, I, 8.Google Scholar

⁶³ Dār, al-Kutub manuscript catalogue, Fihrist al-kutub 2nd ed., cairo, 1952, I, 61Google Scholar; see his introduction to al-Wāḥidī, Asbāb nuzūl al-Qur'ān,28.

⁶⁴ Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 185.

⁶⁵ p. 234, n. 334.

⁶⁶ Cairo, 1310, 162–3. Izz al-Din 'Abd al-'Azīz al-Dīrīnī himself apparently wrote a similar work, see Ahlwardt, , Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 182, MS 466Google Scholar.

⁶⁷ I, 25–6.

⁶⁸ See QS. 177–80. It seems to me that these lists are crucial to the notion of chronology of the Qur' ān whereas asbāb are exegetical; see my ‘The Qur'anic asbāb al-nuzūl material: an analysis of its use and development in exegesis’, Ph.D. thesis, McGill, 1981Google Scholar.

⁶⁹ See QS, 180; GdQ, I, 59–62; Blachère, Introduction au Coran, 245; al-Suyūṭī, , al-Itqān, I, 8–12Google Scholar; al-Zarkashi, , al-Burhān, I, 184–94Google Scholar; Ibn al-Nadīm, al-Fihrist, 25–6; Abū ‘Ubayd, Faṭā'il al-Qur'ān, Berlin MS Petermann 451, ff. 51a–52b; al-Zuhrī, , Kitāb al-tanzīl, Beirut, 1963, 23–32Google Scholar. Other examples are to be found in Abū –Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-ṫurays al-Rāzī (d. 294/906), Faṭā'il al–Qur'ān wa mā nazala min al-Qur'ān bi-Makka wa mā nazala bi'l-Madīna, Ẓāhiriyyah MS 3814, ff. 61–83 and 88–121; this work would seem to be quoted in al-Suyūḥī, al-Itqān giving a list of sūra order. Also see Abū'l-Qāsim al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Ḥasan ibn Ḥabī al-Nīsābīrī (d. 406/1015), Kitāb al-tanzīl wa tartībihim Ẓāhiriyya MS 3763, ff. 221–32.

⁷⁰ On Ibn al-Bārizī see GAL, II, 86Google Scholar, Suppl. II, 101.

⁷¹ Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 185.

⁷² I. p. 8, I. 2.

⁷³ On Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya see GAL, II, 105–6,Google Scholar Suppl. II, 126–8; EI (2nd ed.), II, 821–2.Google Scholar

⁷⁴ Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 185.

⁷⁵ On Ibn al-Naqīb see GAL, II, 112, Suppl. II, 138.

⁷⁶ MS 468, being folios 142a-159b of We. 1782; see Ahlwardt, , Handschrifen-Verzeichnisse I, 182–3.Google Scholar

⁷⁷ See pp. 10–11.

⁷⁸ On Ibn Ḥajar see GAL, II, 67–70Google Scholar, Suppl. II, 72–6; EI (2nd ed.), III, 776–8.

⁷⁹ Al-Suyūtī, al-Itqān, I, 28; Ḥājjī Khalīfa, Kashf al-ẓnūn, 268–9; Ahlwardt, Handschriften-Verzeichnisse I, 185; alsp see Aḥmad Ṣaqr's introduction to al-Wāḥidī, Asbāb nuzūl al-Qur'ān, 23.

⁸⁰ On al-Suyūṭī see n. 8.

⁸¹ Reference here is to the edittion of Lubāb al-nuqīl done in 5 fascicules, Cairo, 1382Google Scholar, which includes the introdution.

⁸² Lubāb al-nuqūl, 7.

⁸³ Al-Bukhārī, al-jāsi' al-ṣaḥīḥ; on him see n. 43.

⁸⁴ Muslim, al-jāsi' al-ṣaḥīḥ; on him see n. 44.

⁸⁵ Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ash'ath, Kitāb al-sunan; on him see GAS, I, 149–52; EI (2nd ed.), I, 114.

⁸⁶ Abū 'Isā Muḥammad ibn ‘Isā al-Tirmidhī, al-Jāmi; on him see GAS, I, 154–9; EI (2nd ed.), I, 114.

⁸⁷ Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yazīd ibn Mājah, al-Sunan; on him see GAS, I 147–8; EI (2nd ed.), III, 856.

⁸⁸ Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Nasā'ī, Kitāb al-sunan; on him see GAS, I, 167–69; SeI, 439–40.

⁸⁹ al-Mustadrak 'alā'l-ṣaḥiṣayn; on him see n. 45.

⁹⁰ Abū Ḥātim Muhammad ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī, al-Musnad al-ṣaḥīḥ ‘alā’l-taqsīm wa'l-anwā'; on him see GAS I, 189–91; EI (2nd ed.), I, 799. Some editions of Lubāb al-nuqūl have Ibn Ḥayyān; cf. below n. 100, 101.

⁹¹ Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-BayhaQī, Kirāb al-sunan al-āthār /al-kabir/; on him see GAL, I, 363, Suppl. I. 618–9; EI (2nd ed.), I, 1130.

⁹² Abū'I-Ḥasan ‘Ali bin ‘Uthmān al-Daraquṭnī, KItāb al-sunan; on him see GAS, I, 206–9; EI (2nd ed.), II, 136.

⁹³ Abū ‘bd Allāh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥanbal, al-Musnad; on him see GAS, I, 502–9; EI (2nd ed.), I, 272–7.

⁹⁴ Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn 'Amr ibn 'Abd al-Khāliq al-Bazzār, al-Musnad; on him see GAS, I, 162; Nolin, ‘The Itqān and its sources’, 131, has al-Bazār; some editions of Lubāb al-nuqūl have al-Bazzāz.

⁹⁵ Abū Ya'lā Aḥmad ibn 'Alī al-Tamīmī al-Mawṣilī, al-Musnad; on him see GAS, I, 170–1.

⁹⁶ Abū'I-Qāsim Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad al-Tabarānī, al-Mu'jam al-kabīr; al-Mu'jam al-awsaṭ al-Mu'jam al-saghir; on him see GAS, I, 195–7.

⁹⁷ Abū Ja'far MUḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī, Jūmi' al-bayān 'an ta'wīl āy al-Qur'ān; on him see GAS, I, 323–8; EI (1st ed.), IV, 578–9.

⁹⁸ Abū Muḥammad 'Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī, al-Tafsīr; on him see GAS, I, 178–9.

⁹⁹ Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Mardawayh al-Iṣfahānī, al-Tafsīr (not extant); on him see GAS, I, 225.

¹⁰⁰ On Abū Muḥammad 'Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammd ibn Ja'far ibn Ḥayyān Abū'l-Shaykh see GAS, I, 200–1; according to Sezgin, Ibn Ḥajar knew of a tafsīr by this author but it is not extant; cf. below n. 101.

¹⁰¹ Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad al-Tamīmī al-Hanẓalī al-Bustī ibn Ḥibban, al-Tafsīr, extant in part; on him see GAS, I, 189–91Google Scholar; NOlin, ‘The Itaqān and its sources ’, 141, considers Abū'l-Shaykh (above n. 100) and Ibn Ḥibbān to be the same person and the ‘wa’ between their names in al-Itqan to be a mistake; he bases this on one manuscript. However, prints of Lubāb al-nuqūl are uniform in separating the two. THe mistake may actually have crept into Nolin's manuscript since Abū'l-Shaykh is Ibn Ḥayyān (i.e. a confusion between and )

¹⁰² There are two possibilities here: Abū Baker Ja'far ibn Muḥammad al-Firyābī, b. 207/822, d. 301/913; see GAS, I, 166; no tafsīr is listed for this author although a FaḂā'il al-Qur'ān text is extant; less likely is Abū 'Abd allāh Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Firyābī, b. 120/738, d. 212/827; see GAS, I, 40; his tafsīr is cited by al-Ṭabarī and al-THa'labī

¹⁰³ Abū Bakr 'Abd al-Razzāq ibn Hammām al-Ḥammām al-Ḥmyārī, al-Tafsīr: on him see GAS, I, 99

¹⁰⁴ Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mundhir al-Nīsābūrī, Tafsīr al-Qur'ān; on him see GAS, I, 495–6

¹⁰⁵ See E., Wagner, Arabische Handschriften, I, 9–10Google Scholar

¹⁰⁶ See Ahlwardt, , Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 183Google Scholar MS 469

¹⁰⁷ Al-Suūṭī, , al-Ḥāwī li'l-fatāwī, Cairo, 1352, I, 377–8Google Scholar; I hope deal with the poem and its commentaries more specifically in a future publication

¹⁰⁸ On al-Ḥaskānī see the introduction to the text, Beirut, 1974, 7–12

¹⁰⁹ See GAL, Suppl. II, 179, items 3a, 3b

¹¹⁰ AL-'Ārifin is apparently not indentifiable any further; see GAL, II, 327 and cf. Suppl. II, 694, 978; also Ahlwardt, Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 184

¹¹¹ On Tāqī al-Dīn Abū'I-Fatḥ Muḥammad ibn 'Alū ibn Daqūq al-'Id al-Manfalūṭū (b. 625/1228, d. 702/1302) see GAL, n, 63, Suppl. II, 66.

¹¹² On al-Ujhūrī see GAL, II, 328–9, Suppl. II, 456; Ahlwardt, , Handschriften-V erzeichnisse, I, 185Google Scholar.

¹¹³ Other manuscripts include Selim Aga 35 and Taỵmūr tafsīr 408.

¹¹⁴ See Rudolph, Mach, Catalogue of Arabic manuscripts {Yahuda Section) in the Garrett Collection, Princeton University Library, Princeton, 1977, 14Google Scholar. VOL. XLVm. PAET 1. 2

¹¹⁶ Ahlwardt, , Handschriften-Verzeichnisse, I, 183–4, MS 470Google Scholar.

¹¹⁶ See QS, ch. iv, for consideration of these and other examples.

¹¹⁷ The primary work here is Sulaymān, Muqātil ibn, al-Ashbāh wa' I-naẓā'irfī'I-Qur'ān at-karīm, Cairo, 1975Google Scholar; this work is virtually copied totally by al-Dāmaghānī (d. 478/1085; see GAL, I, 373), Iṣlāḥ al-wujūh wa' l-naẓā'ir fī'I-Qur'ān al-karīm, Beirut, 1970, and the analysis has become almost a standard one within the genre of wujūh literature. A methodological note may be appropriate here. The thought may occur that it would be more appropriate to try to ascertain the so-called ‘original meaning’ of sabab/asbāb in the following Qur'ān passages in order to determine if the technical term is derived from the Qur'ān. This, it may be thought, is especially necessary because the classical wujūh literature here employed is (quite obviously) imposing ‘later’ ideas on the Qur'ān, e.g. fully developed notions of the afterlife most prominently. It is the imposition of ‘later’ ideas, however, which is central here; the question being asked of these passages is have any of these verses ever been read so as to support the use of sabab as a technical term ? What could have been made of the passages is irrelevant; what was done with them is vital.

¹¹⁸ Muqātil, al-Ashbāh, 174; al-Dāmaghānū, Iṣlāḥ, 225; cf. al-Farrā', (d. 207/822; on him see GAL, I, 116), Ma‘ānī al-Qur'ān, Cairo, 1955–1972, II, 399.Google Scholar

¹¹⁹ See for example Q. 7: 40 and Bishop, E. F. F., ‘Gates and doors in the New Testament and the Qur'ān’, Glasgow University Oriental Society Transactions, XXII, 1967–1968, 39–45Google Scholar.

¹²⁰ Edward, W. Lane, An Arabic-English lexicon, London, 1863–1893, IV, 1285Google Scholar.

¹²¹ For an analysis of intra-Qur'ālnic considerations of the revelatory process see QS. 36–8.

¹²² Muqātil, Tafsīr, MS Ahmet III 74; on him see above n. 47.

¹²³ Mujāhid, , Tafsir Mujāhid, Qatar, 1976Google Scholar; on him see above n. 46.

¹²⁴ Sufyān al-Thawri, Tafsīr al-Qur'ān al-akarīm, Rampur, 1965; on him see GAS, I, 518–9.

¹²⁵ Yasār, Muhammad ibn IShāq ibn, al-Sīrat al-nabawiyya, Cairo, 1955; on him see GAS I, 288–90.Google Scholar

¹²⁶ Abū', Abd Allāh Muhammad ibn 'Umar al-Wāqidī, Kitāb al-maghāzī, Oxford, 1966; on him see GAS, I. 297–7.Google Scholar

¹²⁷ Al-Bukhāri, al-Sahīh, Book LX; on him see above n. 43.

¹²⁸ Muslim, al-Sahiīh, Book XLI; on see above n. 44.

¹²⁹ Qs, 141.

¹³⁰ On Abī Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Nahhās see GAL, I, 132; on al-Tabari see above n. 97.

¹³¹ e.g., Jāmi' al-bayān, II, 364, 377; IV, 520.

¹³² Jāmi' al-bayān, III, 267; also see IV, 58, 250; v, 559. Note should also be taken of al-Māturīi (d. 333/944;) on him see GAS, I, 604–6) and the absence of the term sababin his Ta'wīlāt ahal-sunna; see the introduction to the work as printed in Manfred Götz, ‘Māturīdī und sein Kitāb Ta'wīlāt al-Qur'ān’, Der islam, XLI, 1965, 32Google Scholar, and the statement al-amr alladhī nazala fīhi al-Qur'īn.

¹³³ Jāmi' al-bayān 'an ta'wīl āy al-Qur'īn,

¹³⁴ Kitāb al-nāsikh Wa'l-mansūkh, Cairo, 1938, 26; also see p. 91 for a somewhat more technical employment of the word.Google Scholar

¹³⁵ Abū Bakr Ahmad ibn 'Alī al-Jassās, Ahkām al-Qur'n, Istanbul, 1335; on him see GAS, I, 444–5; Qs, 185–8.

¹³⁶ Qs, 177–8.

¹³⁷ cf. John, Wansbrough, The sectarian milieu: content and composition of Islamic salvation history, Oxfor, 1978, ch.i, for a somewhat modified view.Google Scholar

¹³⁸ Asbāb nuzū al-Qur'ān, 5–6.

¹³⁹ See QS, ch. iv for numerous examples (e.g., tafsī and majāz).

¹⁴⁰ al-Burhān, I, 31–2.

¹⁴¹ Lubāb al-nuqul, 6.

¹⁴² GdQ, II, 183–4.