¹ Serjeant, R. B., Prose and poetry from Ḥaḍramawt, London, 1951, Ar. text, p. 97Google Scholar.

¹ Fatāt al-Jazirah (Aden), xxii, no. 1697, 5 August 1961; Ṣawt al-Janub (Aden), no. 21, 5 November 1961.

² Al-Yaqẓah (Aden), vi, 27 September 1961, p. 215.

³ Muh. b. Sālim b. Ḥusain al-Kudādī al-Baiḥānī, al-mar’ah, Aden, , 1950, p. 55Google Scholar, al ’l-muhūr wa-’l-j h zah (error for ajhizah ?), wa-hiya ’l-daf‘. I have discussed this work at greater length in a paper, ‘Sex, birth and circumcision’, Hermann v. Wissmann-Festschrift, ed. Leidlmair, A., Tübingen, 1962, 193–208Google Scholar.

⁴ The writer is clearly influenced by Western theories on social matters.

¹ In a paper,‘Social change in south-western Arabia’, at the conference held by the Congress for Cultural Freedom in Khartoum in early 1961.

² No. 21, 5 November 1961.

³ Ibid., no. 22, 11 November 1961.

¹ Note the feminine termination as later ahl-ih.

² So common is the name ‘Abduh in Aden that the Adenese are dubbed in fun ‘Ayāl ‘Abduh, which might be rendered as ‘the ‘Abduh tribe’.

¹ The English is transliterated but apparently there is a word which has become Arabic, habartain, i.e. ‘overtime’.

² Wa-anta means zai mā ‘whatever you want’. He means that he should say what he wants as bride-price.

³ cf. Stace, E. V., English-Arabic vocabulary, London, 1893, 88Google Scholar, al-dain ‘pay a debt’. Perhaps one should render it as ‘it doesn’t meet the case’.

⁴ The phrase sitrat al-hāl in this context means that though they may have to pinch and scrape or even go hungry they have enough to keep up a decent appearance to the outside world.

⁵ Iṣṭaraf ‘to be changed, cashable’.

⁶ Mū—mā hū. There is an Aden saying, yā hū ḥārib, i.e. ‘it won’t fly away’, you can have it any time’.

⁷ One says, hū/hī ḍablah ‘he/she is a trouble through his/her perpetual demands, wishes, whims’. Ḍabal means something like trouble, bother on account of the responsibilities it brings.

⁸ Mafāhīm was explained as ‘what they hold to be the case’, mawḍah, or ‘mode’.

⁹ The Aden paper Ṣawt al-Janīb, I, no. 45, 29 April 1962, the organ of the Aden Protectorate chiefs, in an article, ‘al-Zawāj al-mubkir jarīmah’, protests against marrying boys of 15 to 16 to women of 25 to 30. The boys’ fathers apparently like this because these women will not ask the fathers for rights for themselves in māl wa-aṭyan, presumably cattle and land.

¹ Abi ’1-Ṭaiyib (Society), Aqlām al-, Aden, 1942, where Muḥ. ‘Alī Luqmān condemns plurality of wives, and ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Fikrī, writing on married life in Aden, accuses the Adenese of not knowing the true meaning of marriage ! He makes the observation that the Aden girl blushes if marriage is mentioned to her and knows nothing about what has passed between her parents and her suitor’s family until the last moment, when she has no option but to obey. I wonder how true this is in 1962 ?

The Aqlām might be contrasted with a book written some 15 years before it, Saiyid ‘Abdullah b. Muḥ. b. Ḥāmid al-Saqqāf, al-Tarbiyat al-nisā’īyah, Sourabaya, 1346, which is rather oldfashioned, but it nevertheless encourages women to learn to read and write. Old-fashioned custom, as in other countries, was to discourage this activity, cf. BSOAS, xxiv, 2, 1961, p. 395, col. 2. At the very time this article was going to press, the newspaper al-Rā’id (al- Mukallā), II, no. 74, 2 April 1962, reported some opposition in town to the Qu‘aitī government proposal to open a girls’ school there, on account of the old tradition that the teaching of girls breeds difficulties and calamities.

² A survey of social and economic conditions in the Aden Protectorate, [Asmara, 1949]Google Scholar. Hunter, F. M., Account of the British settlement of Aden in Arabia, London, 1877, 448Google Scholar seq., is good also. Landberg, C. von, Études … Datīnah, Leiden, 1905, 28–9, 192–5Google Scholar.

³ This is a word remounting to medieval times, and it denotes a striped cloth usually used as a fūṭah. Landberg, C. von, Ḥaḍramoût, Leiden, 1901, pp. 233–6Google Scholar. quotes and comments on a verse which alludes to the custom described, but seems to have been unaware of this custom which would explain his verse more satisfactorily, cf. Doreen Ingrams, Survey, 101.

¹ The in Aden means both the ceremony and the wooden erection (put up nowadays there by contractors) in which it is held. See p. 489, n. 1, infra for further usages of this word.

² cf. Landberg, Gloss, 2113; al-Baiḥānī, op. cit., 216, for gifts of the bridegroom before marriage and on the yatvm al-ṣubḥīyah; Leslau, W., Lexique soqoṭri, Paris, 1938, 280Google Scholar, ‘sábḥa, trousseau, vêtements, voile, tablier que le mari apporte à la femme après la prière du soire’.

¹ Correctly wāḥid-an.

¹ Correctly qarīb-un.

¹ Said to be an error for al-naqīlah.

² Read al-liwā’ probably.

¹ cf. Landberg, Ḥaḍramoût, 476. In Yāfi‘ī country in 1954 a typical case would be a daf‘ payment of 100 riyāls, half of which would be silver for the bride, half to go to her father. The groom would have to purchase what was necessary for the marriage in the way of clothes, wedding gear (? adāt al-zīnah), and entertainment (iṭ‘ām) of the guests. Her father would have to send cosmetics (? dihān), turmeric (hurud), and a veil (ḥijāb). I am not quite certain what is exactly covered by these terms, for local custom differs greatly from place to place.

² Survey, 44.

³ Ansaldi, C., Il Yemen, Roma, 1933, 210–14Google Scholar.

⁴ Survey, 44.

¹ My wife insists that women wear a little Malayan or Indian type ṣudairīyah or jacket as well but says this only applies to the coast not to the Wādī Ḥaḍramawt. The ṣudairīyah was not, however, mentioned by my informants, possibly through oversight.

² Serjeant, Prose and poetry, Ar. text, p. 33.

¹ Gloss, 541.

² With a ṣudairīyah also ?

¹ I recollect something of this kind at a reception given us by Ḥaḍramīs in Mombasa, the street also being decorated with streamers or coloured cloth running from one side of the street to the other.

² The includes the of the men and that of the women.

³ Gloss, 2200.

⁴ See p. 490, and my ‘The Ma‘n "gypsies" of the West Aden Protectorate’, Anthropos, LVI, 5—6, 1961, 740.

¹ See p. 478, n. 1, supra. E. V. Stace, op. cit., 186, mentions a Bedouin word sībāṭ as synonymous with , but I have not yet had this confirmed.

² Serjeant, Prose and poetry, p. 27.

¹ loc. cit., pp. 27, 47; ‘The quarters of Tarīm’, Le Muséon, Lxiii, 3–4, 1950, 277–84Google Scholar, and in my forthcoming study on fisher customs.

¹ It is not clear which of these words was meant by Saiyid Muḥammad b. but Midaiḥij thought either possible.

² Ḥaḍramoût, 697.

³ Serjeant, Prose and poetry, p. 168.

⁴ op. cit., p. 50, n. 99.

¹ cf. Gloss, p. 2369, meaning ‘ilb and sidr.

² In one set of fragments of medieval tribal law placed at my disposal by the late Ettore Eossi it seems that small boys are allowed to stone those arriving with the husband, i.e. groom, at the awwal fitnah but after they have been welcomed (to the village) they may no longer be stoned. This appears like a relic of marriage by capture, and indeed from Upper ‘Awlaqī country I recall the saying -nā bi-’l-bārūt yā bint al-masājid ‘they took me by gunpowder, you daughter of the mosques’, the phrase implying that the girl was carried off and married. In the case here, however, I think there is only the normal greeting between two parties when they meet.

³ cf. supra, pp. 490–1.

⁴ cf. Gloss, 2582.

¹ There has, however, been some agitation in Aden for abandonment of purdah, probably mainly stirred up by certain journalists and female secondary school teachers. A booklet, al-mar’ak ‘ala ’l-ḥijāb fī janūb al-Jazīrat al-‘Arabīyah, ed. Muḥammad , Aden, n.d., but circa 1960–1 perhaps, has appeared—vapid schoolgirl essays having no contact with reality.

¹ Westermarck, E., Marriage ceremonies in Morocco, London, 1914, 228CrossRefGoogle Scholar. In general the ceremony described bears a very close resemblance to, those of South Arabia.

² supra, p. 473, n. 3.

³ al-mar’ah, p. 149.

¹ There is a brief reference to the activities of the ‘alaqah in Muḥ. ‘All Luqman, ‘Adan taṭlub al-ḥukm , Aden, n.d., 40.

² al-mar’ah, p. 55.

³ One says, yanqaṭū luh ‘they make money presents to him’.

⁴ The first and third lines are on the pattern fā‘ilātun mustaf‘ilun, but the second line does not fit into the pattern. If the am of the article is a relic of the am used in the Aden Protectorate in some districts, and not merely because it is easier to say, it is odd that it should have survived in these verses.

⁵ A slave name.

¹ op. cit., p. 82.

² This is unclear and has not been explained to me.

¹ op. cit., p. 84.