Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:41:45.784Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Proto-Afro-Asiatic origin of ‘gum’?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2009

Gábor Takács
Gábor Takács
Affiliation:
Székesfehérvár, Hungary
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Our European words ‘gum’ go back to one common source, cf. English gum, German Gummi, French gomme, Italian gomma, Russian σýΜΜИ, etc. As is well known, this source is Latin commi ∼ cummi, vulgar Latin gummi ∼ gumma, which was borrowed from Greek κ⋯μμι.

Type
Notes and communications
Information
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , Volume 63 , Issue 1 , January 2000 , pp. 96 - 99
Copyright
Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abraham, R. C. 1962. Dictionary of the Hausa language. (Second edition.) London: University of London Press.Google Scholar
Alojaly, Gh. 1980. Lexique touareg-français. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.Google Scholar
Belova, A. G. 1993. ‘K voprosu o rekonstrukcii semitskogo komevogo vokalizma’, Voprosy Jazykoznanija 6: 28–56.Google Scholar
Blažck, V. 1985. Simiae. MS. Příbram.Google Scholar
Bender, M. L. 1994. ‘Aroid (South Omotic) lexicon’, Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 38: 133–162.Google Scholar
Cerulli, E. 1938. Studi etiopici. III. Il linguaggio dei Giangerò ed alcune lingue Sidama dell' Omo (Basketo, Ciara, Zaissè). Rome: Istituto per l'Oriente.Google Scholar
Cerulli, E. 1951. Studi etiopici. IV. La lingua caffina. Rome: Istituto per l'Oriente.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. 1947. Essai comparatif sur le vocabulaire et la phonétique du chamito-sémitique. Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honore Champion.Google Scholar
Diakonoff, I. M.(with the assistance of A. Ju. Militarev and O. V. Stolbova). 1986. Proto-Afrasian and Old Akkadian. MS. Leningrad. (Recently published in Journal of Afroasiatic Languages 4/1 (1992).)Google Scholar
Dolgopol'skij, A. B. 1973. Sravnitel'no-istoričeskaja fonetika kušitskih jazykov. Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Dolgopolsky, A. B. 1982. ‘Chadic-Semitic-Cushitic: epenthetic -γ- in Sura in the light of Hamito-Semitic comparative linguistics’, in Jungraithmayr, H. (ed.): The Chad languages in the Hamitosemitic-Nigritic border area. Papers of the Marburg Symposion (1979, Berlin). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 32–46.Google Scholar
Erman, A. and Grapow, H.. 1957– 1971. Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache. I–V. (Second edition.) Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.Google Scholar
Fleming, H. C. 1974. ‘Omotic as an Afroasiatic family’, Studies in African Linguistics (Supplement.) 5: 81–94.Google Scholar
Fleming, H. C. 1976. ‘Omotic overview’, in Bender, M. L. (ed.): The non-Semitic languages of Ethiopia. East Lansing: Michigan State University, 229–323.Google Scholar
Foulkes, H. D. 1915. Angass manual. Grammar, vocabulary. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co.Google Scholar
Frajzyngier, Z. 1991. A Dictionary of Mupun. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.Google Scholar
Gesenius, W. and Buhl, F.. 1962. Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament. Unveränderter Neudruck der 1915 erschienenen 17. Auflage. Berlin, Göttingen: Spiegelberg Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J. H. 1955. Studies in African linguistic classification. Branford, CT: Compass Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J. H. 1963. ‘The languages of Africa’, International Journal of American Linguistics 29.Google Scholar
Heine, B. 1975. ‘Notes on the Yaaku language (Kenya)’, Afrika und Übersee 58/2:119–138.Google Scholar
Holma, H. 1919. ‘Zur semitisch-hamitischen Sprachwissenschaft’, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 32: 34–47.Google Scholar
HSED = Orel, V. É. and Stolbova, O. V.. 1995. Hamito-Semitic etymological dictionary. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Illič-Svityč, V. M. 1966. ‘Iz istorii čadskogo konsonantizma. Labial'nye smyčnye’, in Uspenskij, B. A. (ed.): Jazyki Afriki. Voprosy struktury, istorii i tipologii. Moscow: Nauka, 9–34.Google Scholar
Illič-Svityč, V. M. 1971. Opyt sravnenija nostratičeskih jazykov (semitohamitskij, kartvel' skij, indoevropejskij, ural'skij, dravidijskij, altajskij). Vvedenie. Sravnitel'nyj slovar’ (b-K'). Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Jungraithmayr, H. 1963. ‘Die Sprache des Sura (Maghavul) in Nordnigerien’, Afrika und Übersee 47: 8–89, 204–20.Google Scholar
Jungraithmayr, H. 1970. Die Ron-Sprachen. Tschadohamitische Studien in Nordnigerien. Glückstadt: Verlag J. J. Augustin.Google Scholar
Jungraithmayr, H. 1994. ‘Was ist am Tschadischen hamitosemitisch?’, Zeitschrift für Althebraistik 7/2: 225–233.Google Scholar
Jungraithmayr, H. and Ibriszimow, D.. 1994. Chadic lexical roots. Volume II. Documentation. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.Google Scholar
Matsushita, Sh. 1972. An outline of Gwandara phonemics and Gwandara-English vocabulary. Tokyo: Tokyo Press.Google Scholar
Militarev, A. Ju. 1982. Recenzija na Naumkin, V. V. and Porhomovskij, V. Ja.: ‘Očerki po étnolingvistike sokotri’, Izvestija AN SSSR. Serija literatury i jazyka 41/4: 381–383.Google Scholar
Militarev, A. Ju. 1986. ‘Proishoždenie kornej so značeniem “‘tvorit’, sozdavat” v afrazijskih jazykah’, Pis'mennye pamjatniki i problemy istorii kul'tury narodov Vostoka. XIX godičnaja naučnaja sessija Leningradskogo Otdelenija Instituta Vostokovedenija Akademii Nauk SSSR. Moscow: Nauka, 63–79.Google Scholar
Militarev, A. Ju. 1991. ‘Istoričeskaja fonetika i leksika livijsko-guančskih jazykov’, in: Solncev, V. M. (ed.): Jazyki Azii i Afriki. IV, kniga 2. Moscow: Glavnaja Redakcija Vostočnoj Literatury, 238–367.Google Scholar
Militarev, A. Ju. and Stolbova, O. V., 1990. ‘First approach to comparative-historical phonology of Afrasian (consonantism)’, in Mukarovsky, H. G. (ed.): Proceedings of the Fifth International Hamito-Semitic Congress. Band I. Vienna: Afro-Pub, 45–72.Google Scholar
Möller, G. 1924. ‘Die Ägypter und ihre libyschen Nachbarn’, in: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 78: 36–60.Google Scholar
Mukarovsky, H. G. 1987. Mande-Chadic common stock. A study of phonological and lexical evidence. Vienna: Afro-Pub.Google Scholar
Orel, V. É. and Stolbova, O. V.. ‘K rekonstrukcii praafrazijskogo vokalizma. 1–2’, Voprosy Jazykoznanija 5: 66–83.Google Scholar
Petráček, K. 1982. ‘Die Laryngale in den Tschadsprachen’, Africana Marburgensia 15/1: 56–68.Google Scholar
Rössler, O. 1979. ‘Berberisch-tschadisches Kernvokabular’, Africana Marburgensia 12/1–2: 20–31.Google Scholar
Sasse, H.-J. 1981. ‘Afroasiatisch’, in: Schadeberg, Th. (ed.): Die Sprachen Afrikas. Band 2. Afroasiatisch. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, 129–148.Google Scholar
Skinner, N. 1977. ‘North Bauchi Chadic languages: common roots’, Afroasiatic Linguistics 4/1: 1–49.Google Scholar
Skinner, N. 1992. ‘Body parts in Hausa—comparative data’, in Ebermann, E., Sommerauer, E. R. and Thomanek, K. É. (ed.): Komparative Afrikanistik: Sprach-, geschichts- und literaturwissenschaftliche Aufsätze zu Ehren von Hans G. Mukarovsky anlässlich seines 70. Geburtstags. Vienna: Afro-Pub, 345–357.Google Scholar
Stolbova, O. V. 1977. ‘Opyt rekonstrukcii verhnezapadnočadskih kornej’, in Jazyki zarubežnogo Vostoka. Sbornik statej. Moscow: Nauka, 152–160.Google Scholar
Stolbova, O. V. 1987. ‘Sravnitel'no-istoričeskaja fonetika i slovar' zapadnočadskih jazykov’, in Porhomovskij, V. Ja. (ed.): Afrikanskoe istoričeskoe jazykoznanie. Problemy rekonstrukcii. Moscow: Nauka, 30–268.Google Scholar
Tosco, M. 1996. The historical reconstruction of a southern Somali dialect: Proto-Karre-Boni. Ms, kindly submitted by the author in 1996. Its earlier version was published in: Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika 15 (1994), 153–209.Google Scholar
Tourneux, H. 1990. ‘Place du masa dans la famille tchadique’, in Mukarovsky, H. G. (ed.): Proceedings of the Fifth International Hamito-Semitic Congress. Band I. Vienna: Afro-Pub, 249–260.Google Scholar
Vycichl, W. 1933. ‘Aigyptiaka. Beitrāge zur vergleichenden Hamitosemitistik’, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 40: 171–180.Google Scholar
Vycichl, W. 1934. ‘Hausa and Agyptisch: ein Beitrag zur historischen Hamitistik’, Mitteilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen an der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin 37: 36–116.Google Scholar
Westendorf, W. 1977. Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag.Google Scholar
Zaborski, A. 1971. ‘Biconsonantal verbal roots in Semitic’, Zeszyty Naukowe Universytetu Jagiellońskiego. Prace językoznawcze 5: 51–98.Google Scholar