^{page 56 note 1} Already suggested by Weber, A., Monalsberichte d. Preuss. A. d. W., 1871, p. 627.Google Scholar

^{page 56 note 2} There was a school of agnosticism (ajñdnavāda), but of a school of prajñāvādin nothing is known in the time to which Strabo's source may belong. For the former, see Schrader, F. O., Ueber den Stand der indischen Philosophie zur Zeit Mahāvīras und Buddhas, Strassburg, 1902, S. 46 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 57 note 1} The historians of Alexander's campaign in India are titled as in xv, 1, 9 (C. 688) and 68 (C. 717); where Strabo quotes a special author he confronts to him the assertion of “the others” or of “some”, meaning by that, very likely, the . Thus in 24 (C. 695), ; in 34 (C. 702) he mentions ; in 45 (C. 706) he speaks of in 30 (C. 699) he refers to stories told in Arrian's Anab., v, 21, according to Jacoby belonging to Ptolemaios (Die Fragmente der Grieehischen Historiker, ii, D, p. 477 ad Onesikritos 21 = F. Gr. Hist. 138 F 35); “some” are referred to in 28 (C. 698): By the term is obviously the historians of Alexander's campaign are meant by Arrian, Anab., vi, 11, 2, dealing with the king's wounded in the battle against the Mallas

^{page 57 note 2} ; the words are explained in 71 by ; it seems that these Pramnai were a kind of wandering priests; for an English translation see Jones, H. L. in the Loeb Classical Library, vol. vii, ot Strabo p. 123, 125, “City” and “Neighbouring” Pramnae.Google Scholar

^{page 60 note 1} Cf. Gardthausen, , Griech. Palaeographie, 2. Aufl., ii Taf., 1 and 2.Google Scholar

^{page 60 note 2} As śramana explained also by Geden ERE., ii, 88a; Stein, Pauly-Wissowa's Realenzyklopādie der Klassischen Altertumswissenschaft, xv, 319, 321. In majuscule characters the alterations are easily to be understood:

^{page 61 note 1} Berichte ūber die Verhandl. d. Sächs. Ges. d. Wiss., philos.-hist. Kl., 49, 1897, S. 138, No. 14; M. A. Stein, WZKM., xii, 1898, pp. 67 ff., anticipating his note to the translation of Rājatar., v, 447.

^{page 61 note 2} Streiberg-Festgabe, Leipzig, 1924, S. 230 ff.; BSOS., vi, 431 ff.

^{page 61 note 3} In Walde-Pokorny's Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen, i, 350, s.v. qamp- the old Indian root kamp is connected with Latin campus and Greek .

^{page 62 note 1} It is, as observed by Stein, M. A., loc. cit., analogous to dvāra from dvārapali, an abstract noun from kampanādhipati, kampaneśa, kampanāpati, etc. But see the remarks above.Google Scholar

^{page 62 note 2} Ind. Stud., xviii, p. 373; cf. Index, s.v., p. 399.

^{page 62 note 3} Only in Rājatar., viii, 1430, occurs the title of an officer, kampanodgrāhaka. One would, suggest that it was his duty to find out a suitable place for the camp, perhaps also to stake out and to erect some quarters within the encampment. Could this suggestion—based on the meanings of the root grah + ud—be proved, then this passage would be the only place where kampana occurs in its original meaning “encampment.”.

^{page 62 note 4} Cf. Weber, Ueber die Kōnigsweihe (Râjasûya), Abh. Preuss. A. d. W., 1893, S. 127, n. 2. That the Greeks knew the Indian terms for “camp” and “army” is shown by Hesychius's glosses: cf. Gray, and Sehuyler, , Amer. Journal of Philology, xxii, 1901, p. 196 f.Google Scholar

^{page 63 note 1} In Kanarese Odeyar, Vodeyar, in Tamil Utaiyār, an honorific plural of Odeya, meaning lord or master, is a title of kings of many South Indian dynasties, like of the Cola, Vijayanagara, as the present ruler of Mysore is named Wadeyar IV. For their inscriptions, see Ep. Ind., vii, App. Nos. 459 f., 462–4, 474; cf. Ep. Ind., xv, p. 11.

^{page 63 note 2} Ep. Ind., vii, App. Nos. 656–8, 1070; cf. viii, p. 292.

^{page 63 note 3} Ep. Ind., vii, p. 193, 196; the common formula in inscriptions is vijayaskandhāvāra, see Jolly, ZDMG., 44, 1890, S. 353; the name of the Sena king, Vijayasena, is of the same kind and meaning.

^{page 63 note 4} Ep. Carn., vii, 1, Honnali Taluq, No. 17 (transcribed text, p. 282, English translation p. 161); cf. Fleet, , The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts, p. 74 f.Google Scholar

^{page 63 note 5} Not so in the preceding 1. 16, where instead of the transcript p. 282, °laksmiharana stands in the Kanarese text: laksmī-konkana°. “ācāryya occurs in 1. 15 in the phrase: Telumgarāyasthāpanācāryya°.

^{page 63 note 6} Ep. Ind., xii, p. 263, 1. 18.

^{page 63 note 7} Ind. Ant., ix, 1880, p. 35, 1. 61.

^{page 63 note 8} Ibid., xi, 1882, p. 273, 1. 11; the reading here is °jhampajhampanā°.

^{page 63 note 9} JRAS., Bo. Br., vol. ix, No. xxvii, p. 296, 1. 11; Ep, Ind., vii, App. No. 254; cf. Ep. Ind., xii, p. 251, n. 1.

^{page 64 note 1} Ep. Ind., xv, p. 36, 1. 36.

^{page 64 note 2} JRAS., Bo. Br., vol. ix, p. 242, 1. 5; Ep. Ind., vii, App. No. 261.

^{page 64 note 3} JRAS., Bo. Br., loc. cit., p. 304, transl. p. 307, 1. 8; the date is A.D. 1201; cf. Ep. Ind., vii, App. No. 262.

^{page 64 note 4} Ep. Ind., xix, p. 23, 1. 19; for the king's name cf. Fleet, , Dynasties, p. 73, s.v. Krishna.Google Scholar

^{page 64 note 5} Fleet, JRAS., Bo. Br., vol. ix, p. 301, says in the note: “The expression ‘jagajhampa’ is not understood by the Pandits, but it is current among the lower orders, who use it as a cry of approbation to one who has conquered at wrestling or other games.”

^{page 64 note 6} Ep. Ind., xii, p. 251.

^{page 64 note 7} Annval Report of the Mysore Archceological Department for the year 1924, p. 70.Google Scholar

^{page 65 note 1} Pischel, , Grammatik der Prakrit Sprachen, § 326.Google Scholar

^{page 65 note 2} See Liebich, B., Sitzungsber. d. Heidelberger Akademie der Wissensch., phil.-hist. Kl., 1920, “Der Dhātupātha,” S. 40 and 66 s.v. ksap and ksamp.Google Scholar

^{page 65 note 3} For both these possibilities, destroying and conquering, the use of the word among the people (see p. 64, n. 5) becomes intelligible.

^{page 65 note 4} Ind. Ant., xix, 1890, p. 272.

^{page 66 note 1} Ep. Ind., xiii, p. 171.

^{page 66 note 2} Ind. Ant., iv, 1875, p. 203, in the form Kanpana.

^{page 66 note 3} Ibid., p. 209, 1. 33 f.

^{page 66 note 4} JRAS., Bo. Br., vol. ix, p. 279, 1. 11.

^{page 66 note 5} JRAS., Bo. Br., vol. ix, p. 269, 1. 34; p. 291, 1. 44.

^{page 66 note 6} Ep. Ind., xiii, p. 30.

^{page 66 note 7} JRAS., Bo. Br., vol. x, p. 226, 1. 55.

^{page 66 note 8} Ind. Ant., xix, p. 247, 1. 100.

^{page 67 note 1} JRAS., Bo. Br., vol. x, p. 267, 1. 54; p. 268, 1. 60. For the correct date see Fleet, , Dynasties, p. 83; Kielhorn, Ep. Ind., vii, App. No. 268.Google Scholar

^{page 67 note 2} Ep. Ind., xix, p. 25.

^{page 67 note 3} JRAS., Bo. Br., vol. ix, p. 276, n. *: “The meaning of the word ‘kampana’ is not certain, but, from its use in other inscriptions, it appears to denote ‘a circle of villages’.”

^{page 67 note 4} Ibid., vol. x, p. 280 f., n. 37.

^{page 67 note 5} Ind. Ant., iv, p. 211, n. † cf. also ibid., xix, p. 274, n. 26.

^{page 67 note 6} JRAS., Bo. Br., vol. ix, p. 269, 1. 34 = p. 291, 1. 44; cf. vol. x, p. 280, n. 37; Ind. Ant., iv, p. 209, 1. 34. There is in Sanskrit inscriptions another term for village, pātaka, about which and vāta see Ind. Ant., li, 1922, p. 74.

^{page 68 note 1} If it is allowed to compare modern institutions, one may remember the close connection between political districts and the recruiting of the army, the distribution of regiments according to administrative circles.

^{page 68 note 2} Such a connection like that indicated by Rājat., iv, 152 ff., narrating Lalitāditya Muktapīda's digvijaya into the country of the Karnāta princess Rattā, (!, cf. the dynasty of the Rattas), is out of place from the chronology of the king, which has, however, to be separated from the time of the author Kalhana.

^{page 68 note 3} Only here in the notes a place may be given to the Sanskritization of Greek by kramela(ka) (BSOS., vi, p. 432 f.). In the Rājatar., iii, 227; v, 39, the rocky hillock Kramavarta is rendered by the gloss of A₂ as Kāmelanakötta, identified by Sir Aurel Stein with the present Kāmelanköt. Without entering into a discussion on the real significance of the latter place, this comparison is at least a further instance of the mutual connection between Skt. krama and what may be called a tertiary Prākrit kam-el. For references see M. A. Stein, Rājatar., transl., vol. ii, p. 292 (also Gurupūjākaumudī, S. 77, JASB., lxiv, 1896, p. 384 f.).