From the point of view of causality, Urdu verbs may be divided theoretically into four classes, according to their form: In trans., Trans., First Causal, Second Causal. In this note I have kept before myself the difference between the form and the meaning of a verb; but, though fully cognizant of what some grammarians say about “verbs used transitively or intransitively”, I find it more convenient in practice to say simprv “intr. verb” and “trans, verb”.