¹ Some cases of the latter kind have already been mentioned by A. Conrady. See p. 45 of his Indochinesische Causativ-Denominativ-Bildung, Leipzig, 1896.Google Scholar

² The noun rkud adduced in the meaning ‘theft’ in the ‘Addenda’ (p. 120), has been omitted in this paper as its meaning clearly needs re-examination. The word occurs several times in a Tun-huang fragment (No. 753 of the Catalogue of the Tibetan manuscripts from Tun-Huang in the India Office Library by Louis de La Vallée Poussin, OUP, 1962, p. 236) edited by Thomas, F. W. (Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, L, 1936, 275–87).Google Scholar In a note (p. 285) Thomas considers the dictionary meaning ‘misfortune’ inadequate and modifies it to ‘penalty’, without however mentioning the dictionary to which he is referring. The word has not been included in our Western dictionaries. The Tibetan—Mongolian dictionary by Sumatiratna (Corpus Scriptorum Mongolorum, VI–VII), Ulan Bator, 1959, I, 83, gives the meaning bisirel ‘faith, reverence, worship’. A verb rkud-pa (rkud-par ẖgyur) occurs in the meaning ‘[? to be stolen =] to disappear’ in the last sentence of chapter lxi of the Tibetan version of the Mahākarmavibhanga (ed. Lévi, S., Paris, 1932, 205)Google Scholar, there apparently corresponding to antardhāsyanti of the (otherwise different) Sanskrit sentence of the chapter (ibid., 50).

³ From the semantic point of view cf. ex. 3 in AM, XVII, 2, 1972, 217.Google Scholar

⁴ The semantic link is apparently the idea of a continuous uninterrupted movement, or, in the case of rgyud (see below list B, ex. 12), of an extended line, rgyud ‘tantra’ reflects the etymology of Sanskrit tantra, meaning ‘thread, string, line, warp’ and belonging with tan ‘to extend, spread, stretch’.

⁵ Jäschke refers to dron-mo as ‘colloquial’ in the English edition of his dictionary; in the first (German) edition he notes it as ‘vulgar’. dron-po occurs in classical Tibetan. See, e.g., Nobel, J., Suvarṇaprabhāsottama-sūtra. II. Wörterbuch, Leiden, 1950, 103.Google Scholar

⁶ See ‘Ear, sharp and hearing—a Tibetan word family’, in Boyce, M. and Gershevitch, I. (ed.), W. B. Henning memorial volume, London, 1970, 407.Google Scholar

⁷ See Wolfenden, Stuart N., Language, IV, 4, 1928, 279.Google Scholar

⁸ From the semantic point of view cf. Latin durus ‘hard’, from which English endure is derived.

⁹ cf. AM, xix, 1, 1974, p. 96, n. 45.Google Scholar

¹⁰ cf. also rka ‘small furrow’ and rko-ba (in Tsang rkod-pa) ‘to dig’, and, from the semantic point of view, French tailler ‘to cut’ and la taille ‘waist’.

¹¹ Jäschke (Dict., 61Google Scholar) places a question mark after bkri. Nobel (see p. 52, n. 5) adduces (p. 20) an example for bkri. Das in the entry ẖk'rid of his Dictionary gives bkri erroneously as perfect form instead of future.

¹² Nobel (see p. 52, n. 5) notes (p. 37) bgye and dgye. For a further example of dgye, see Tibetan Tripiṭaka, XLIII, 1983 (dgye-bar brtsams-nas).Google Scholar

¹³ In the ‘Addenda’ (loc. cit., p. 121) A. H. Francke cites grod ‘march’ from the gZer-myig.

¹⁴ See above, p. 52, n. 4.

¹⁵ br o has been conjectured by Jäschke (Dict., 134Google Scholar) instead of Csoma's br od (Dict., 247).Google Scholar

¹⁶ Noted by Csoma (Dict., 321).Google Scholar

¹⁷ of. below no. 49 (ma / smad-pa).

¹⁸ cf. above, list A, no. 26.

¹⁹ Western Tibetan, according to Jäschke (Dict., 305).Google Scholar

²⁰ cf. BSOAS, XXXVIII, 3, 1975, p. 614, no. 10.Google Scholar

²¹ cf. below, no. 48 (ma / smad).

²² Suggested by Jäschke (Dict., 350).Google Scholar

²³ Variant of glud ‘idem’ and related to glan-pa and lhan-pa ‘to patch’. Cf. also above list A, no. 3, and p. 51, n. 3.

²⁴ Also ẖdru/ẖdrud.

²⁵ Professor C. R, Bawden kindly refers me to the entry kirsa in Kowalewski's Dictionnaire mongol—russe—français, in, 1849, 2553, where the Tibetan equivalent sbre has been adduced, as well as Manchu kirsa. For the latter word the Latin name listed by Professor Jerry Norman in his Manchu–English dictionary, Taipei, 1967, is ‘Cynalopex corsac (Linnaeus)’.Google Scholar

²⁶ cf. above, no. 34, p'a and spad.

²⁷ cf. above, no. 24, mt'o-ba and stod-pa.

²⁸ As a special case, not to be included in this list, the future form beo of ẖc'os-pa ‘to make, prepare, build’ must be mentioned, which may go back to an earlier *ẖc'ods-pa.

²⁹ cf. BSOAS, XXXVIII, 3, 1975, p. 614, ex. II B 6 and n. 29.Google Scholar

³⁰ Csoma, Dict., 191.

³¹ Das's entry (Dict., 1287Google Scholar) is srad-bu in. Tibetan script, followed by sran-bu in transcription. The obvious Chinese cognate of sran-bu is hsien , Karlgren, Grammata Serica 155Google Scholar r, s an ‘idem’.

³² See above, p. 55, n. 23.