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Second Order Logic or Set Theory?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2014

Jouko Väänänen
Jouko Väänänen*
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, FinlandandInstitute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94242, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

We try to answer the question which is the “right” foundation of mathematics, second order logic or set theory. Since the former is usually thought of as a formal language and the latter as a first order theory, we have to rephrase the question. We formulate what we call the second order view and a competing set theory view, and then discuss the merits of both views. On the surface these two views seem to be in manifest conflict with each other. However, our conclusion is that it is very difficult to see any real difference between the two. We analyze a phenomenonwe call internal categoricity which extends the familiar categoricity results of second order logic to Henkin models and show that set theory enjoys the same kind of internal categoricity. Thus the existence of non-standard models, which is usually taken as a property of first order set theory, and categoricity, which is usually taken as a property of second order axiomatizations, can coherently coexist when put into their proper context. We also take a fresh look at complete second order axiomatizations and give a hierarchy result for second order characterizable structures. Finally we consider the problem of existence in mathematics from both points of view and find that second order logic depends on what we call large domain assumptions, which come quite close to the meaning of the axioms of set theory.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Symbolic Logic , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 91 - 121
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Symbolic Logic 2012

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References

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