In the form of the head this genus is allied to the Acidia-Pseudospheniscus group, but is distinguished by the very short antennae, by the bare third vein, by the dc. bristles being placed on the line of the a. sa., by the peculiar coloration of the head, and by the wing-pattern of the Aciura type. Only one as yet undescribed species from Abyssinia, Br. kovácsi, Bezzi.

Owing to a misunderstanding, certain species dealt with in the first half of this paper were mentioned as new, although they had already been described in another publication. The correct references to the original descriptions are given below, together with a few other emendations.

p. 97. Carpophthoromyia angusticeps, Bezzi, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, xxix, p. 525, 1923.

p. 103. Pardalaspis asparagi, Bezzi. This species was erroneously erected on a very small female specimen of Ceratitis capitata, W.

p. 103. Pardalaspis roubaudi, Bezzi, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, xxix, p. 527, 1923.

p. 104. Pardalaspis bipustulata, Bezzi, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, xxix, p. 528, 1923.

p. 104. Pardalaspis cyanescens, Bezzi, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, xxix, p. 529, 1923.

p. 104. For Haplolopha read Hoplolopha.

p. 111. Hoplandromyia, Bezzi, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, xxix, p. 577, 1923.

p. 115. Hermannloewia mutila, Bezzi, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, xxix, p. 580, 1923.

p. 115. Zacerata, Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, xxvi, p. 64, 1924.

1. A short account of gall formation is given.

2. The stylets of Eriosoma lanigerum penetrate to within three or four cells of the cambium. Penetration is mainly intracellular, but the stylets cannot pass through the masses of sclerenchyma.

3. When a mass of sclerenchyma is encountered the stylets bend round it; if they cannot bend round it, they are usually withdrawn.

4. So far as can be seen at present, immunity cannot be explained by mechanical considerations.

5. There is strong evidence for supposing that resistance above ground is directly proportional to the percentage of sclerenchyma round the circumference of the stem.

6. The above statement must be qualified, if necessary, by a consideration of the extent to which the masses of sclerenchyma are broken up, i.e. the number of spaces that are available for the penetration of the stylets.

7. The middle lamella can be dissolved by the saliva of the Aphid; so that the check formed by a mass of sclerenchyma can eventually be overcome.

8. Variations in the character of the sclerenchyma and its position are shown to be of possible importance. There would also seem to be some connexion between the size of the Aphid and the size of the openings between the masses of sclerenchyma.

9. The relations of the stylets and stylet track to the cells of the stock are briefly summarised.

Cotton-stainers, Dysdercus spp., are most important factors affecting the growing of cotton in the West Indies and elsewhere, on account of the fact that they convey certain bacteria and the spores of various internal boll fungi which cause staining and rotting of the cotton lint.

Young bolls may be shed owing to the mechanical action of stainer puncturing, apart from the introduction of any specific internal boll disease. One puncture is sufficient to obtain this effect.

Unless the carpel wall is pierced, no injury to the boll from insect attack results, and it is highly probable that the piercing of the carpel wall is essential for the introduction of internal boll disease.

Internal proliferation does not take place unless the carpel wall is pierced, and is not an essential factor in the shedding of young bolls, but rather an indication of injury from an external source.

Puncturing by stainers of the buds and flowers, before the flower petals have fallen off, may cause the shedding of the boll and the introduction of internal boll disease.

The surest superficial diagnosis of stainer injury to bolls, as compared with other insect injuries, is the finding of a bead of moisture exuding from the single minute orifice, in the case of a fresh puncture, and of a minute canal in the centre of the corked area of an injury some days old. The regularity of the rim of the corked area is a strong indication of stainer injury, the periphery of the corked area produced by the nibbling of young Lepidopterous larvae being irregular, owing to the action of the mandibles.

My observations in 1923, and more particularly in 1924, made both in nature and in the laboratory, have proved that larvae of Anopheles maculipennis, Mg., are able to crawl quite actively and, under certain conditions, may wander from one pool to another.

The descriptions given below of two species of Atrichopogon and some remarks made upon the variability of Culicoides inornatipennis, C.I. & M., as it occurs in the Gold Coast, complete the account of the examination of the collection of African Ceratopogonine midges, kindly placed at our disposal by the Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, to whom we are greatly indebted for this privilege.

In a recent number of this Bulletin, Lloyd and Johnson (1) attempted to describe and illustrate all the known types of flagellate infections encountered in Glossina. Since this account was written a flagellate, which it is believed has not previously been described, has been encountered in three individuals of G. morsitans at Sherifuri, Northern Nigeria. In the first two cases the worker at the microscope was new to the infections of tsetse and did not notice anything peculiar about the parasite in the proboscides that were being examined. The appearance of the parasites in the stained film caused one slide to be retained with a note, but it was at that time regarded as an aberrant T. vivax infection. In the second instance T. vivax was present, and the unusual forms accompanying it were remarked upon, but unfortunately the slide was not retained. In the third instance it was noticed in the fresh preparation that none of the parasites were fixed to the labrum, as are the vast majority of those in T. vivax infections, nor were they clumped as in this species and in T. congolense. Each individual was free-swimming and many were escaping from the labial cavity, the power of translatory movement being great. The hypo-pharynx was not invaded. The remainder of the fly was then examined and the mid gut was found to be heavily infected, while the salivary glands were negative.

The epidemic of sleeping sickness in Central Kavirondo was introduced about 1903 from Usoga across a chain of islands, and finally from Mageta Island to the coast of Kadimu close by. Mageta was evacuated, and subsequent return of the population brought back the disease, leading to a second evacuation, second return, and renewal of the disease about 1920–21, leading to final evacuation two years ago.

Glossina palpalis occurs plentifully along the 100 miles of coast examined, between the Sio River and the mouth of the Kavirondo Gulf, except just south of Sio, and in the neighbourhoood of the mouths of the Yala and Nzoia Rivers. Ample evidence was obtained that non-mammalian blood is much preferred to that of the hippopotamus, which was the only source of mammalian blood, except man and cattle at some localities.