Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T18:43:44.921Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Winter survival of larvae and pupae of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

K.M. Pitts  and
R. Wall
K.M. Pitts
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 IUG, UK
R. Wall*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 IUG, UK
*
*Fax: 0117 928 9182 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The mortality of larvae and pupae of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) were examined during winter and spring, for two or three years. In soil cores in the field, 70–95% of the larvae died overwinter. Larvae congregated in the top 10 cm of the soil core and did not move extensively throughout the column during the winter. Larvae and pupae at greater depth were less likely to pupariate and emerge successfully than larvae closer to the surface. Under semi-natural conditions, where pupae were placed outside in sawdust filled tubes, in the absence of the usual biotic mortality factors, the mortality of larvae was considerably lower and was also unaffected by low winter temperatures. Hence, low temperatures did not appear to be the primary cause of high overwintering mortality in the field which, it is suggested, is more likely to be the result of the action of biotic mortality factors, such as entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 95 , Issue 3 , June 2005 , pp. 179 - 186
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Austarä, Ø. (1971) Cold-hardiness in eggs of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hym. Diprionidae) under natural conditions. Norsk Entomologist Tidsskrift 18, 45–48.Google Scholar
Bale, J.S. (1987) Insect cold hardiness: freezing and supercooling – an ecophysiological perspective. Journal of Insect Physiology 33, 899–908.Google Scholar
Chandler, D., Hay, D. & Reid, A.P. (1997) Sampling and occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes in UK soils. Applied Soil Ecology 5, 133–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cragg, J.B., Cole, P. (1952) Diapause in Lucilia sericata (Mg.) Diptera. Journal of Experimental Biology 29, 600–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, W.M. (1929) Hibernation of Lucilia sericata, Mg. Nature 123, 759–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, W.M. (1934) The sheep blowfly problem in North Wales. Annals of Applied Biology 21, 267–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, N.P., Wall, R., Cripps, P.J. & Morgan, K.L. (1992) Prevalence, regional distribution and control of blowfly strike in England and Wales. Veterinary Record 131, 337–342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Georgis, R. & Hague, N.G.M. (1981) A neoaplectanid nematode in the larch sawfly Cephalcia lariciphila (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae). Annals of Applied Biology 99, 171–177.Google Scholar
Gouge, D.H., Smith, K.A., Lee, L.L. & Henneberry, T.J. (2000) Effect of soil depth and moisture on the vertical distribution of Steinernema riobrave (Nematoda: Steinernematidae). Journal of Nematology 32, 223–228.Google Scholar
Hall, M.J.R. & Wall, R. (1995) Myiasis in humans and domestic animals. Advances in Parasitology 35, 258–334.Google ScholarPubMed
Hominick, W.M. & Briscoe, B.R. (1990) Survey of 15 sites over 28 months for entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Parasitology 100, 289–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoshikawa, K., Tsutsui, H., Honma, K. & Sakagami, S.F. (1988) Cold resistance in 4 species of beetles overwintering in the soil with notes on overwintering strategies of some soil insects. Applied Entomology and Zoology 23, 273–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irwin, J.T. & Lee, R.E. Jr (2000) Mild winter temperatures reduce survival and potential fecundity of the goldenrod gall fly Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 46, 655–661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, J.D. & Bale, J.S. (1986) Cold hardiness and overwintering of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. Ecological Entomology 11, 189–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppenhöfer, A.M., Kaya, H.K. & Taormino, S.P. (1995) Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) at different soil depths and moistures. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 65, 193–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leather, S.R. (1980) Egg survival in the bird cherry–oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 27, 96–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leopold, R.A., Rojas, R.R. & Atkinson, P.W. (1998) Post-pupariation storage of three species of flies: increasing chilling tolerance by acclimation and recurrent recovery periods. Cryobiology 36, 213–224.Google Scholar
Molyneux, A.S. (1984) The influence of temperature on the infectivity of heterorhabditid and steinernematid nematodes for larvae of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, pp. 344–351in Bailey, P.T. & Swincer, D.W., (Eds) Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Applied Entomological Research Conference.Adelaide,Govt. Printer.Google Scholar
Molyneux, A.S. (1986) Heterorhabditis spp. and Steinernema (= Neoaplectana) spp.: temperature, and aspects of behaviour and infectivity. Experimental Parasitology 62, 169–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mrácek, Z., Becvár, S. (2000) Insect aggregations and entomopathogenic nematode occurrence. Nematology 2, 297–301.Google Scholar
Poinar, G.O. (1979) Nematodes for biological control of insects. Florida, CRC Press.Google Scholar
Ring, R.A. (1967) Maternal induction of diapause in the larva of Lucilia caesar L. (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Journal of Experimental Biology 46, 123–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ring, R.A. (1972) Relationship between diapause and supercooling in the blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Mg.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 50, 1601–1605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, D.S., Macpherson, J.N. & Cairncross, K.D. (1986) Maternal and larval effects of photoperiod on the induction of larval diapause in two species of fly, Calliphora vicina and Lucilia sericata. Experimental Biology 46, 51–58.Google ScholarPubMed
Snoep, J.J., Sol, J., Sampimon, O.C., Roeters, N., Elbers, A.R.W., Scholten, H.W. & Borgsteede, F.H.M. (2002) Myiasis in sheep in the Netherlands. Veterinary Parasitology 106, 357–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sømme, L. (1961) On the overwintering of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) in Norway. Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift 11, 191–223.Google Scholar
Strong, D.R., Kaya, H.K., Whipple, A.V., Child, A.L., Kraig, S., Bondonno, M., Dyer, K. & Maron, J.L. (1996) Entomopathogenic nematodes: natural enemies of root-feeding caterpillars on bush lupine. Oecologia 108, 167–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vänninen, I., Tyni-Juslin, J., Hokkanen, H. (2000) Persistence of augmented Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in Finnish agricultural soils. BioControl 45, 201–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, R., French, N. & Morgan, K.L. (1992a) Effects of temperature on the development and abundance of the sheep blowfly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, 125–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, R., Green, C.H., French, N. & Morgan, K.L. (1992b) Development of an attractive target for the sheep blowfly Lucilia sericata. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 6, 67–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, P.J. (1990) The influence of site factors on the community structures of pine beauty moth predators. PhD thesis, University of Ulster.Google Scholar
Wigglesworth, V.B. (1972) The principles of insect physiology. New York, Wiley and Sons Inc.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, J. & Nofziger, D.L. (1999) Incorporating temperature effects on pesticide degradation into a management model. Journal of Environmental Quality 28, 92–100.Google Scholar