Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T00:27:08.072Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

What does the Southern Brazilian Coastal Plain tell about its diversity? Syrphidae (Diptera) as a model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2017

F.D. Kirst ,
L. Marinoni  and
R.F. Krüger
F.D. Kirst*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
L. Marinoni
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
R.F. Krüger
Affiliation:
Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, campus universitário, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
*
*Author for correspondence Phone/ Fax: +55 41 3361 1650 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The natural areas of the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul (CPRS) have suffered fragmentation due to anthropic action. The faunal surveys offer a low-cost method to quickly evaluate environmental alterations, and Syrphidae flies are often used as models in this kind of study. We aimed to ascertain the diversity of Syrphidae in the South region of Brazil by estimating its species’ richness, and to use this data to identify new areas for conservation. In this survey Malaise traps were installed for 8 days in the CPRS, which was divided into five regions. Each region was subdivided into seven collecting areas and each of those areas received four traps, totaling 140 traps. A total of 456 Syrphidae individuals from 18 genera and 49 species were collected. In Region 1, there were nine exclusive species; in Region 2, there were three; in Region 3, there were 13, ten of which came from Estação Ecológica do Taim (ESEC Taim). In the Individual-based rarefaction analysis, Region 1 possessed the largest number of expected species out of the regions in the CPRS; we found 97% of these species. This insect collection effort, as one of the first in the CPRS, has broadened the known geographic distributions of 11 species of Syrphidae, and also indicated areas to be conserved. Additionally, it gave support for expanding ESEC Taim and creating new areas of conservation in Region 1, in Arroio Pelotas and Arroio Corrientes.

Keywords

Malaise trapPampa BiomaAtlantic Florestnew recordsBrazilRio Grande do Sul
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 107 , Issue 5 , October 2017 , pp. 645 - 657
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bankowska, R. (1980) Fly communities of the family Syrphidae in natural and anthropogenic habitats of Poland. Memorabilia Zoologica 33, 3–93.Google Scholar
Brown, V.K. (1984) Secondary succession: insect-plant relationships. Bioscience 34, 710–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, B.V. (2005) Malaise trap catches and the crisis in neotropical dipterology. American Entomologist 51, 180–183.Google Scholar
Burger, M.A. & Ramos, R.A. (2007) Áreas importantes de conservação na Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul. pp. 46–58 in Becker, F.G., Ramos, R.A., & Moura, L.A. (Eds) Biodiversidade. Regiões da Lagoa do Casamento e dos Butiazais de Tapes, planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul (Ministério do Meio Ambiente.). Brasília, MMA/SBF, BRA.Google Scholar
Chao, A., Gotelli, N.J., Hsieh, T.C., Sander, E., Ma, K.H., Colwell, R.K. & Ellison, A.M. (2014) Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies. Ecological Monographs 84, 45–67.Google Scholar
Cheng, X.Y. & Thompson, F.C. (2008) A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China. Zootaxa 1879, 21–48.Google Scholar
Colwell, R.K., Chao, A., Gotelli, N.J., Lin, S.Y., Mao, C.X., Chazdon, R.L. & Longino, J.T. (2012) Models and estimators linking individual-based and sample-based rarefaction, extrapolation and comparison of assemblages. Journal of Plant Ecology 5, 3–21.Google Scholar
Crawley, M.J. (2007) The R Book. Chichester, UK, Wiley Publishing.Google Scholar
Curran, C.H. (1939) Synopsis of the American species of Volucella (Syrphidae; Diptera). Part II. – Descriptions of new species. American Museum Novitates 1028, 1–17.Google Scholar
D'Almeida, J.M. & Lopes, H.S. (1983) Sinantropia de Dípteros Muscóides (Calliphoridae) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Arquivo da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro 6, 39–48.Google Scholar
de Souza, J.M.T., Marinoni, R.C. & Marinoni, L. (2014) Open and disturbed habitats support higher diversity of Syrphidae (Diptera)? A case study during three year of sampling in a fragment of araucaria forest in Southern Brazil. Journal of Insect Science 14, 1–8.Google Scholar
Duarte, J.L.P., Krüger, R.F., de Carvalho, C.J.B & Ribeiro, P.B. (2010) Evidence of the influence of Malaise trap age on its efficiency in the collection of Muscidae (Insecta, Diptera). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 30, 115–118.Google Scholar
Erwin, T.L. (1988) The tropical forest canopy: the heart of biotic diversity. pp. 123–129 in Wilson, E.O. & Peter, F.M. (Eds) Biodiversity, Washington, DC, National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Ferrar, P. (1987) A Guide to the Breeding Habits and Immature Stages of Diptera Cyclorrhapha, Lyneborg, L. (Ed.). Copenhagen, E. J. Brill, Leiden/Scandinavian Science Press. Pt. 1 (text): 1–478; Pt. 2 (figs.): 479–907.Google Scholar
Gaston, K.J. & Blackburn, T.M. (2000) Patterns and Process in Macroecology, Blackburn, T.M. & Gaston, K.J. (Eds). Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Ltd.Google Scholar
Gaston, K.J. & Williams, P.H. (1996) Spatial patterns in taxonomic diversity. pp. 202–229 in Gaston, K.J. (Ed.) Biodiversity: a Biology of Numbers and Difference. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Ltd.Google Scholar
Gilbert, F.S. (1986) Hoverflies. Naturalists’ Handbook 5. Cambridge, England, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hsieh, T.C., Ma, K.H., Chao, A. (2013) iNEXT online: interpolation and extrapolation (Version 130) (Software). Available online at http://chaostatnthuedutw/blog/software-download/ Google Scholar
Jorge, C.M., Marinoni, L. & Marinoni, R.C. (2007) Diversidade de Syrphidae (Diptera) em cinco áreas com situações florísticas distintas no Parque Estadual Vila Velha em Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Iheringia. Série Zoologia 97, 452–460.Google Scholar
Jost, L. (2006) Entropy and diversity. Oikos 113, 363–375.Google Scholar
Kim, K.C. (1993) Biodiversity, conservation and inventory: why insects matter. Biodiversity and Conservation 2, 191–214.Google Scholar
Kirst, F.D. (2014) Efeitos da fragmentação de hábitat na diversidade de Syrphidae (Diptera) na Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Curitiba, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR. 67 + xii pp.Google Scholar
Kirst, F.D., Marinoni, L. & Krüger, R.F. (2015) New distribution records for Sciomyzidae species (Insecta, Diptera) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Check List 11, 1–5.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, T.E., Rankin, J.M., Bierregaard, R.O. Jr., Brown, K.S., Emmons, L.H. & Vander Voor, M.E. (1984) Ecosystem decay of Amazon forest remnants. pp. 295–325 in Nitecki, M.H. (Ed.) Extinctions. Chicago, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, T.E., Bierregaard, R.O. Jr., Rylands, A.B., Malcon, R., Quintela, C.E., Harper, L., Brown, K.S. Jr., Powell, A.H., Powell, G.V.N., Schubart, H.O.R. & Hays, M.B. (1986) Edge and other effects on isolation on Amazon forest fragments. pp. 257–285 in Soule, M.E. (Ed.) Conservation Biology: the Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Massachusetts, Sunderland, Sinauer, 584p.Google Scholar
Löwenberg-Neto, P. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (2013) Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: geographic distribution and check-list by country. Zootaxa 3650, 001–147.Google Scholar
Marcos-García, M.A., García-López, A., Zumbado, M.A. & Rotheray, G.E. (2012) Sampling methods for assessing Syrphid Biodiversity (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Tropical Forests. Environmental Entomology 41, 1544–1552.Google Scholar
Marinoni, R.C. & Dutra, R.R.C. (1993) Levantamento da Fauna Entomológica no Estado do Paraná. I. Introdução. Situações climática e florística de oito pontos de coleta. Dados faunísticos de agosto de 1986 a julho de1987. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 8, 31–73.Google Scholar
Marinoni, L. & Thompson, F.C. (2003) Flower flies of southeastern Brazil (Diptera: Syrphidae) Part I. Introduction and new species. Studia Dipterologica 10, 565–578.Google Scholar
Marinoni, L., Miranda, G.F.G. & Thompson, F.C. (2004) Abundância e riqueza de espécies de Syrphidae (Diptera) em áreas de borda e interior de floresta no Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 48, 553–559.Google Scholar
Marinoni, L., Marinoni, R.C., Jorge, C.M. & Bonatto, S.R. (2006) Espécies mais abundantes de Syrphidae (Diptera) em dois anos de coletas com armadilhas Malaise no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23, 1071–1077.Google Scholar
Marinoni, L., Morales, M.N. & Spaler, Í. (2007) Chave de identificação ilustrada para os gêneros de Syrphinae (Diptera, Syrphidae) de ocorrência no sul do Brasil. Biota Neotropica 7, 144–158.Google Scholar
Melo, A.S. (2008) O que ganhamos “confundindo” riqueza de espécies e equabilidade em um índice de diversidade? Biota Neotropica 8, 21–27.Google Scholar
MMA (2000) Avaliação e ações prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica e Campos Sulinos. Available online at http://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/sbf_chm_rbbio/_arquivos/Sumario%20Mata%20Atlantica.pdf (accessed 27 January 2016).Google Scholar
MMA (2007) Biodiversidade. Regiões da Lagoa do Casamento e dos Butiazais de Tapes, planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul/Ministério do Meio Ambiente. – Brasília: MMA/SBF, p. 388 Available online at http://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/chm/_arquivos/cap_1_lagoa_casamento.pdf (accessed 29 January 2016).Google Scholar
MMA (2013) Resumo executivo da proposta de ampliação da Estação Ecológica do Taim. pp. 25. http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/o-que-fazemos/consultas_publicas/RESUMO_EXECUTIVO_Ampliacao_da_ESEC_do_Taim.pdf (accessed 29 January 2016).Google Scholar
Morales, M.N. & Köhler, A. (2006) Espécies de Syrphidae (Diptera) visitantes das flores de Eryngium horridum (Apiaceae) no Vale do Rio Pardo, RS, Brasil. Iheringia. Série Zoologia 96, 41–45.Google Scholar
Morales, M.N. & Köhler, A. (2008) Comunidade de Syrphidae (Diptera): diversidade e preferências florais no Cinturão Verde (Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 52, 41–49.Google Scholar
Morales, M.N. & Marinoni, L. (2009) Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the scutellaris group of Palpada Macquart (Diptera: Syrphidae). Invertebrate Systematics 23, 301–347.Google Scholar
Namaghi, H.S. & Husseini, M. (2009) The effects of collection methods on species diversity of family Syrphidae (Diptera) in Neyshabur, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 11, 521–526.Google Scholar
Owen, J. (1991) The Ecology of a Garden: the First Fifteen Years. Cambridge, Cambridge University. 403pp.Google Scholar
Paraluppi, N.D. & Castellon, E.G. (1994) Calliphoridae (Diptera) em Manaus: I. Levantamento taxonômico e sazonalidade. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 38, 661–668.Google Scholar
R Core Team (2014) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available online at http://www.R-project.org/ Google Scholar
Reemer, M. & Ståhls, G. (2013) Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288, 1–213.Google Scholar
Ricarte, A., Marcos-García, M.A. & Moreno, C.E. (2011) Assessing the effects of vegetation type on hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) diversity in a Mediterranean landscape: implications for conservation. Journal of Insect Conservation 15, 865–877.Google Scholar
Rodriguero, M.S. & Gorla, D.E. (2004) Latitudinal gradient in species richness of the New World Triatominae (Reduviidae). Global Ecology and Biogeography 13, 75–84.Google Scholar
Roesch, L.F.W., Vieira, F.C.B., Pereira, V.A., Schünemann, A.L., Teixeira, I.F., Senna, A.J.T. & Stefon, V.M. (2009) The Brazilian Pampa: a fragile biome. Diversity 1, 182–198.Google Scholar
Ruggiero, A. (2001) Interacciones entre la biogeografía ecológica y la macroecología: aportes para comprender los patrones espaciales en la diversidad biológica. Introducción a la biogeographyrafía en Latinoamérica: teorías, conceptos, métodos y aplicaciones (Ed.) Llorente Bousquets, J. & Morrone, J.J.), pp. 81–94. UNAM, México, DF.Google Scholar
Smith, G.F., Gittings, T., Wilson, M., French, L., Oxbrough, A., O'Donoghue, S., O'Halloran, J., Kelly, D.L., Mitchell, F.J.G., Kelly, T., Iremonger, S., McKee, A.M. & Giller, P. (2008) Identifying practical indicators of biodiversity for stand-level management of plantation forests. Biodiversity Conservation 17, 991–1015.Google Scholar
Sommaggio, D. (1999) Syrphidae: can they be used as environmental bioindicators? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74, 343–356.Google Scholar
Thompson, F.C. (1972) A contribution to a generic revision of the neotropical Milesinae (Diptera: Syrphidae). Arquivos de Zoologia 23, 73–215.Google Scholar
Thompson, F.C. (1997) Spilomyia flower flies of the New World (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 18, 261–272.Google Scholar
Thompson, F.C. (1999) A key to the genera of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the Neotropical Region including descriptions of new genera and species and a glossary of taxonomic terms used. Contributions on Entomology, International 3, 321–378.Google Scholar
Thompson, F.C., Vockeroth, J.R. & Sedman, Y.S. (1976) Family Syrphidae. pp. 1–195 in Papavero, N. (Ed.) A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. São Paulo, Depto. Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, 46, 110.Google Scholar
Thompson, F.C., Rotheray, G.E. & Zumbado, M.A. (2010) Syrphidae. pp. 763–792. in Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds) Manual of Central American Diptera. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
Townes, H.A. (1972) A light-weight Malaise trap. Entomological News 83, 239–247.Google Scholar
Venzke, T.S. (2012) Florística de comunidades arbóreas no Município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Rodriguésia 63, 571–578.Google Scholar
Villwock, J.A. & Tomazelli, L.J. (2007) Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul: gênese e paisagem atual. pp. 20–33 in Becker, F.G., Ramos, R.A., & Moura, L.A. (Eds) Biodiversidade. Regiões da Lagoa do Casamento e dos Butiazais de Tapes, planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul (Ministério do Meio Ambiente.) Brasília, MMA/SBF, BRA.Google Scholar
Vockeroth, J.R. & Thompson, F.C. (1987) Syrphidae. pp. 713–743 in McAlpine, J.F. (Ed.) Manual of Neartic Diptera. Otawa, Agriculture Canada Research. v. 2.Google Scholar
Wells, J. (1991) Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) has reached the continental United States: review of its biology, pest status, and spread around the world. Journal of Medical Entomology 28, 471–473.Google Scholar
Whittaker, R.J., Willis, K.J. & Field, R. (2001) Scale and species richness: towards a general, hierarchical theory of species diversity. Journal of Biogeography 28, 453–470.Google Scholar
Zafalon-Silva, Â. (2013) Padrões de diversidade de Muscidae (Insecta, Diptera) na Planície Costeira do Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas – RS. 150 pp.Google Scholar