Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:05:14.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Status of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), its host plants and natural enemies in Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Y. Assefa ,
D.E. Conlong  and
A. Mitchell
Y. Assefa
Affiliation:
School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
D.E. Conlong*
Affiliation:
School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa
A. Mitchell
Affiliation:
Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit, Orange Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
*
*Fax: +27 (0)31 5087597 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Surveys for sugarcane stem borers were undertaken in Ethiopia to determine the prevalence and distribution of these and their natural enemies in crops and indigenous host plants. Eldana saccharina Walker was not recovered from sugarcane, but was present in three indigenous wetland sedges, Cyperus papyrus, C. fastigiatus and C. dives in the southern, central and northern part of the country. The latter indigenous host plant was present in waterways adjacent to sugarcane on the commercial sugar estates. The tachinids Schembria eldanae Barraclough and Actia sp. were common parasitoids of E. saccharina larvae in these indigenous sedges. The braconid Dolichogenidea sp. was recovered from E. saccharina larvae in C. dives. Pathogens comprising Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis and Entomophthora sp., were found to be important mortality factors of E. saccharina larvae in the indigenous sedges. The occurrence of E. saccharina in Ethiopia is reported for the first time, and the host plant preferences of the borer and its indigenous natural enemies found during the surveys are recorded. In addition, its potential threat to sugarcane production in Ethiopia is discussed.

Keywords

Eldana saccharinaEthiopiaparasitoidnatural enemiessedgessugarcanewetlands
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 96 , Issue 5 , October 2006 , pp. 497 - 504
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Assefa, Y., Conlong, D.E. & Mitchell, A. (2005) Mitochondrial DNA variation among populations of sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 79, 382–385.Google Scholar
Atkinson, P.R. (1979) Distribution and natural hosts of Eldana saccharina Walker in Natal, its oviposition sites and feeding patterns. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 42, 111–115.Google Scholar
Atkinson, P.R. (1980) On the biology, distribution and natural host-plants of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 43, 171–194.Google Scholar
Barraclough, D.A. (1991) A new species of Tachinidae (Diptera) parasitic on the sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Natal, South Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, 133–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betbeder-Matibet, M. (1981) Eldana saccharina Walker. Borer of the stalk of sugarcane in Africa. L'Agronomie Tropicale 36, 279–293.Google Scholar
Bond, R.S. (1988) Progress in selecting for Eldana resistance. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 50, 129–133.Google Scholar
Bosque-P'erez, N.A. & Schulthess, F. (1998) Maize: West and Central Africa. pp. 11–27 in Polaszek, A. (Ed.) African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International.Google Scholar
Carnegie, A.J.M. (1974) A recrudescence of the borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 37, 107–110.Google Scholar
Carnegie, A.J.M. (1981) Combating Eldana saccharina Walker: a progress report. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 44, 116–119.Google Scholar
Conlong, D.E. (1990) A study of pest–parasitoid relationship in natural habitats: an aid towards the biological control of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugarcane. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 64, 111–115.Google Scholar
Conlong, D.E. (1994) A review and perspectives for the biological control of the African sugarcane stalk borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 48, 9–17.Google Scholar
Conlong, D.E. (1997) Impact of ecology and host plant shifts of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on its biological control in graminaceous crops. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 71, 94.Google Scholar
Conlong, D.E. (2000) Indigenous African parasitoids of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 74, 201–211.Google Scholar
Conlong, D.E. (2001) Biological control of indigenous African stemborers: what do we know. Insect Science and Its Application 21, 1–8.Google Scholar
Conlong, D.E. & Kasl, B. (2000) Stimulo-deterrent diversion to decrease infestation in sugarcane by Eldana saccharina. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 74, 212–213.Google Scholar
Conlong, D.E. & Kasl, B. (2001) Stimulo-deterrent diversion of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Xanthopimpla stemmator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): preliminary results. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 75, 180–182.Google Scholar
Conlong, D.E. & Mugalula, A. (2001) Eldana saccharina (Lep: Pyralidae) and its parasitoids at Kinyara sugar works, Uganda. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 75, 183–185.Google Scholar
Dick, J. (1945) Some data on the biology of sugarcane borer. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 19, 75–79.Google Scholar
Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration (EASE) (2003) Statistical report on area and production of crops. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Agricultural Census Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Gebre-Amlak, A. (1985) Survey of lepidopterous stem borers attacking maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Science 7, 15–26.Google Scholar
Getu, E., Overholt, W.A. & Kairo, E. (2001) Distribution and species composition of stem borers and their natural enemies in maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. Insect Science and Its Application 21, 353–359.Google Scholar
Girling, D.J. (1972) Eldana saccharina Wlk. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a pest of sugarcane in East Africa. Proceedings of the International Society of Sugarcane Technologists 14, 429–434.Google Scholar
Graham, D.Y. & Conlong, D.E. (1988) Improved laboratory rearing of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its indigenous parasitoid Goniozus natalensis Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 62, 116–119.Google Scholar
Habtu, A., Sache, I. & Zadoks, J.C. (1996) A survey of cropping practices and foliar diseases of common beans in Ethiopia. Crop Protection 15, 179–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, K.M. (1998) Diptera. pp. 265–281 in Polaszek, A. (Ed.) African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International.Google Scholar
Jacobs, S.J. (1989) Micro-organisms as potential biological control agents of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 57, 92–94.Google Scholar
Kedru, K. (1993) Wonji/Shoa sugarcane factory agricultural division plantation manual. Vol. 1 Nazareth, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Keeping, M. (1999) Field screening of sugarcane varieties for resistance to the stalk borer, Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 73, 102–103.Google Scholar
Keeping, M.G. & Rutherford, R.S. (2004) Resistance mechanisms of South African sugarcane to the stalk borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): a review. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 78, 307–318.Google Scholar
Kfir, R. (1998) Maize and grain sorghum: southern Africa. pp. 25–27 in Polaszek, A. (Ed.) African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International.Google Scholar
King, H., Conlong, D.E. & Mitchell, A. (2002) Genetic differentiation in Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): evidence from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II genes. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 76, 321–328.Google Scholar
Maes, K.V.N. (1998) Pyraloidea:Crambidae, pp. 87–98 in Polaszek, A. (Ed.) African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International.Google Scholar
Mazodze, R. & Conlong, D.E. (2003) Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids), sedge (Cyperus digitatus) and bulrush (Typha latifolia) in south-eastern Zimbabwe. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 77, 266–274.Google Scholar
Mazodze, R., Nyanthete, C. & Chidoma, S. (1999) First outbreak of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugarcane in the south-east lowland of Zimbabwe. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 73, 107–111.Google Scholar
Nuss, K.J., Bond, R.S. & Atkinson, P.R. (1986) Susceptibility of sugarcane to the borer E. saccharina Walker and selection for resistance. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 60, 153–155.Google Scholar
Paxton, R.H. (1982) Eldana borer (Eldana saccharina): the results of surveys. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 56, 99–103.Google Scholar
Polaszek, A. (1998) African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. 592 pp. Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International.Google Scholar
Polaszek, A. & Khan, Z.R. (1998) Host plants. pp. 3–11 in Polaszek, A. (Ed.) African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International.Google Scholar
Rutherford, R.S., Meyer, J.H., Smith, G.S. & Van Staden, J. (1993) Resistance to Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugarcane and some phytochemical correlations. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 67, 82–87.Google Scholar
Seshu Reddy, K.V. (1998) Maize and sorghum: East Africa. pp. 25–29 in Polaszek, A. (Ed.) African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International.Google Scholar
South African Sugarcane Association (SASA) (1994) Eldana borer-control measures. Information Sheet: SASA Mount Edgecombe, Natal, Republic of South Africa.Google Scholar
Tefera, T. (2004) Lepidopterous stem borers of sorghum and their natural enemies in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Science 44, 44–46.Google Scholar
Van Achterberg, C. & Walker, A.K. (1998) Braconidae. pp. 137–186 in Polaszek, A. (Ed.) African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International.Google Scholar
Waiyaki, J.N. (1974) The ecology of Eldana saccharina Walker and associated loss in cane yield at Arusha-Chini, Moshi, Tanzania. Proceedings of the International Society of Sugarcane Technologists 15, 457–462.Google Scholar
Walker, P.T. (1865) List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History). Part 32. Supplement Part 2, 632–633.Google Scholar
Webster, T.M., Maher, G.W. & Conlong, D.E. (2005) An integrated pest management system for Eldana saccharina in the Midlands North region of KwaZulu-Natal. Proceedings of the South African Sugarcane Technologists’ Association 79, 347–358.Google Scholar