Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T20:50:58.541Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sex ratios of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): implications for pest management in wheat (Poaceae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M.A.H. Smith ,
I.L. Wise  and
R.J. Lamb
M.A.H. Smith*
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2M9
I.L. Wise
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2M9
R.J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2M9
*
*Fax: (+1) 204 983 4604 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Sex ratios of populations of the wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin, developing on wheat Triticum aestivum L., were determined at reproduction, adult emergence, and dispersal. The patterns of sex ratio through the life cycle of S. mosellana result from: (i) a genetic mechanism that causes all or nearly all of the progeny of individual females to be a single sex, with an overall sex ratio that is slightly biased at 54–57% females; (ii) a differential mortality during diapause that increases the sex ratio to 60–65% females; (iii) mating which occurs near the emergence site followed by female dispersal which causes the post-dispersal sex ratio to rise to nearly 100% females; and (iv) oviposition which spreads eggs among different plants and assures that the next generation has a local sex ratio close to the population average. These changes in sex ratio through the life cycle have implications for using crop resistance or pheromones to manage S. mosellana, because mating takes place quickly near emergence sites, and because mated females but not males disperse from emergence sites to oviposition sites. Crop refuges used to protect resistance genes against the evolution of virulence by S. mosellana must be interspersed to prevent assortative mating that would occur in separate blocks of resistant and susceptible plants. Monitoring or mating disruption using a pheromone would be ineffective when wheat is grown in rotation with a non-host crop.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 94 , Issue 6 , December 2004 , pp. 569 - 575
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Basedow, T. (1977) Studies on the migration of the wheat blossom midges Contarinia tritici (Kirby) and Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in relation to wind direction and to wheat fields. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 83, 173–183 (in German).Google Scholar
Basedow, T., Schütte, F. (1982) The population dynamics of the wheat blossom midges Contarinia tritici (Kirby) and Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in two northern German wheat growing areas from 1969 to 1976. Zoologisches Jahrbuecher Abteilung für Systematik Oekologie und Geographie der Tiere 109, 32–82 (in German).Google Scholar
Berzonsky, W.A., Ding, H., Haley, S.D., Harris, M.O., Lamb, R.J., McKenzie, R.I.H., Ohm, H.W., Patterson, F.L., Pearis, F.B., Porter, D.R., Ratcliffe, R.H. & Shanower, T.G. (2003) Breeding wheat for resistance to insects. Plant Breeding Reviews 22, 221–296.Google Scholar
Caprio, M.A. (2001) Source-sink dynamics between transgenic and non-transgenic habitats and their role in the evolution of resistance. Journal of Economic Entomology 94, 698–705.Google Scholar
Cartwright, W.B. (1922) Sexual attraction of the female Hessian fly (Phytophaga destructor Say). Canadian Entomologist 54, 154–155.Google Scholar
Gould, F. (1986) Simulation models for predicting durability of insect-resistant germplasm: Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)-resistant winter wheat. Environmental Entomology 15, 11–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gries, R., Gries, G., Khaskin, G., King, S., Olfert, O., Kaminski, L., Lamb, R., Bennett, R. (2000) Sex pheromone of orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana. Naturwissenschaften 87, 451–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, G. & Madden, L.V. (1992) Aggregation and incidence of disease. Plant Pathology 41, 657–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamb, R.J., Wise, I.L., Olfert, O.O., Gavloski, J. & Barker, P.S. (1999) Distribution and seasonal abundance of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in spring wheat. Canadian Entomologist 131, 387–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamb, R.J., McKenzie, R.I.H., Wise, I.L., Barker, P.S., Smith, M.A.H. & Olfert, O.O. (2000a) Resistance to Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in spring wheat (Gramineae). Canadian Entomologist 132, 591–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamb, R.J., Tucker, J.R., Wise, I.L., Smith, M.A.H. (2000b) Trophic interaction between Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and spring wheat: implications for yield and seed quality. Canadian Entomologist 132, 607–625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamb, R.J., Wise, I.L., Gavloski, J.E., Kaminski, L.A. & Olfert, O.O. (2002) Making control decisions for Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in wheat (Gramineae) using sticky traps. Canadian Entomologist 134, 851–854.Google Scholar
Madden, L.V., Hughes, G. & Ellis, M.A. (1995) Spatial heterogeneity of the incidence of grape downy mildew. Phytopathology 85, 269–275.Google Scholar
Matuszewski, B. (1982) Diptera I: Cecidomyiidae. Animal cytogenetics 91–137 John B. Vol. 3, Insecta 3. Berlin Gebrüder Borntraeger.Google Scholar
McClay, A.S. (1996) Unisexual broods in the gall midge Cystiphora sonchi (Bremi) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Canadian Entomologist 128, 775–776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onstad, D.W., Gould, F. (1998) Modeling the dynamics of adaptation to transgenic maize by European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 91, 585–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pivnick, K.A. (1993) Response of males to female sex pheromone in the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 19, 1677–1689.Google Scholar
Pivnick, K.A., Labbé, E. (1992) Emergence and calling rhythms, and mating behaviour of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Canadian Entomologist 124, 501–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. (1999) SAS/STAT user's guide, Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.Google Scholar
Smith, M.A.H. & Lamb, R.J. (2001) Factors influencing oviposition by Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on wheat spikes (Gramineae). Canadian Entomologist 133, 533–548.Google Scholar
Smith, M.A.H., Lamb, R.J., Wise, I.L. & Olfert, O.O. (2004) An interspersed refuge for Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and a biocontrol agent Macroglenes penetrans (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to manage crop resistance in wheat. Bulletin of Entomological Research 94, 179–188.Google Scholar
Stuart, J.J. & Hatchett, J.H. (1991) Genetics of sex determination in the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor. Journal of Heredity 82, 43–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabashnik, B.E. (1994) Delaying insect adaptation to transgenic plants: seed mixtures and refugia reconsidered. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 255, 7–12.Google Scholar
Tabashnik, B.E., Patin, A.L., Dennehy, T.J., Liu, Y-B., Miller, E. & Staten, R.T. (1999) Dispersal of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) males in transgenic cotton that produces a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin. Journal of Economic Entomology 92, 772–780.Google Scholar
Wise, I.L., Lamb, R.J., Smith, M.A.H. (2002) Susceptibility of hulled and hulless barley (Gramineae) to Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Canadian Entomologist 134, 193–203.Google Scholar